组胚学课件：connective tissue

1、Connective tissue,20140408,General features small number of cells and large amount of extracellular ground substance no polarity vascularized originate from mesenchyme（间充质）-embryonic CT Function: connection, supporting, protecting, nutrition, defence and repairing,Mesenchyme（间充质） -mesenchymal cell:

2、Structure: stellate in shaped with processes a large nucleus,with clear nucleolus slight basophilic cytoplasm Function: undifferentiated cell multiple developmental potential CT cell, SM and endothelial cell -matrix,Classification -CT in narrow sense means connetive tissue proper （固有结缔组织）which inclu

3、de loose CT, dense CT, adipose T and reticular tissue -CT in wide sense includes cartilage(软骨), bone and blood,cartilage,bone,blood,Features: more types of cells, less fibers Functions: connection, supporting, defence and repairing consists of cells, fiber and ground substance,Loose connective tissu

4、e （疏松结缔组织） (areolar tissue),Fibers1. Collagenous fibers（胶原纤维）2. Elastic fibers（弹性纤维）3. Reticular fibers（网状纤维）,LM: 1-20 um in diameter Belt-liked wave and branch to form a network Eosinophilic,Collagenous fiber（胶原纤维） (white fiber),EM: parallel-arranged fibrils Fibril（原纤维）: 20-200nm in diameter Have p

5、eriodic cross striation at 64-70nm interval,LM: thinner and less, 0.2-1.0 um Slight red (HE) branch and form a network EM: core: elastin-low electron density Peripheral: microfibril (微原纤维)10-12 nm, electron dense fibrillin(原纤维蛋白),Elastic fiber （弹性纤维） (yellow fiber),LM: thin and less,0.2-1.0 um in di

6、ameter, branch to form network Argyrophilic fiber (silver impregnation method) EM: type III collagen 64nm cross striation Distribution: reticular tissue connecting portion, e.g.reticular lamina,Reticular fiber（网状纤维）,Ground substance（基质） -amorphous colloidal substance -consists of proteoglycan（蛋白多糖）,

7、 glycoprotein（糖蛋白） and tissue fluid,Proteoglycan（蛋白多糖）-large molecular complex -glycosaminoglycans（糖胺多糖） chondroitin sulfate（硫酸软骨素） keratin sulfate（硫酸角质素） heparan sulfate（硫酸乙酰肝素） hyaluronic acid（透明质酸）: 2.5um long -protein *molecular sieve (分子筛), Glycoprotein（糖蛋白）: proteins -fibronectin (纤维粘连蛋白) -lam

8、inin (层粘连蛋白) -chondronectin (软骨粘连蛋白) -Function: Connection affect the differentiation and movement of cells, tissue fluid （组织液） tissue artery Tissue fluid vein (lymphatic vessel) cells Dehydration（脱水） Edema（水肿）,Molecular sieve (分子筛),Function: 1.Provides mechanical and structural support for metaboli

9、sm 2.Influences extracellular communication 3.Limitation of inflammation,Cells ResidentFibroblasts (Fibrocytes)（成纤维细胞） Macrophages (Histiocytes)（巨噬细胞）Plasma cells（浆细胞）Mast cells（肥大细胞） Adipocytes（脂肪细胞）Stem Cells（干细胞） (committed but not differentiated)TransientNucleated Blood Cells (Lymphocytes, Plasm

10、a Cells, Eosinophils- others occasionally),-Structure: LM: Large,flattened cell with processes- stellate in shaped Large ovoid pale nucleus-contain more fine chromatin, with clear one-two nucleoli Weakly basophilic cytoplasm-homogeneous,Fibroblast （成纤维细胞）,EM: rich in RER, Golgi apparatus and free ri

11、bosome Function: synthesize fibers and ground substance,Three steps: a.synthesis of procollagen (RER) process(Golgi) out of cell collagen tropocollagen fibril c.fibril collagenous fiber,Synthesis of collagenous fiber,(前胶原蛋白),(原胶原蛋白),(胶原原纤维),Fibrocyte (纤维细胞): inactive fibroblast -Structure: spin

12、dle-shaped, small N:small,dark stained Acidophilic cytoplasma EM: less organelles -Function: become into fibroblast for repairing,From monocytes -Structure: LM: round or ovoid-irregular in shape，short blunt processes pseudopodium(伪足) Small and dark nucleus Acidophilic cytoplasm,Macrophage (巨噬细胞),EM:

13、 rich in Lysosome (primary, secondary) Phagosome(吞噬体) phagocytosis and pinosome (吞饮小泡)pinocytosis Remnant Microfilament and microtubule Mitochondria,-Function: Chemotaxis: chemotactic factor Phagocytosis: 1) Special phagocytosis: recognize bacterium, virus and foreign cell 2) non special: carbon par

14、ticles, dust and dead cells Secretion: lysozyme, complement and interleukin-I (IL-1)and interferon(IFN) Antigen presenting function,Mature B lymphocyte -structure: LM: round or ovoid Round eccentrically-located nucleus with more spot-liked heterochromatin Basophilic cytoplasm,Plasma cell（浆细胞）,EM: RE

15、R, free ribosome and Golgi complex Function: synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin, Ig-antibody,-structure: LM: round and large cell Small dark-stained nucleus Basophilic secreting granules,Metachromatic 异染性,Mast cell（肥大细胞）,Basophilic secreting granules: heparin: an anticoagulant Histamine: cause ca

16、p. permeability, cap. leakage to form edema and contraction of SM Eosinophil chemotactic factor Cytoplasm contain: slow reaction substance -Function: involved in allergic reaction,Fat cell -structure: large, round or polygonal flattened ovoid nucleus located on one side of cell thin layer of cytopla

17、sm a large lipid droplet -function: synthesize and store fat Mesenchymal cell similar to fibrocyte multidifferentiating potential Leukocytes: neutrophil, acidophil and lymphocyte,Dense connective tissue （致密结缔组织） -more fiber -connection and supporting,1) Regular DCT: parallelly-arranged collagenous f

18、ibers special fibroblast wing-liked processes -Distribution: tendons, ligament, cornea,2) Irregular DCT: Fiber arranged in bundles, running in different direction Fibroblast less ground substance -Distribution: dermis, sclera,capsule of some organs,Adipose tissue（脂肪组织） -LCT+fat cells -White fat T: single fat cell Distribution: subcutaneous tissue, mesenterium -Brown fat T: fat cell contain many small lipid droplets, rich in large mitochondria centrally-located nucleus rich in cap. Distribution: newborn bab