高中状语从句重点难点归纳.ppt

1、连词与状语从句,Revision of Conjunctions 连词,一、概念 在句子中用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子的词，叫连词。,二、分类 按构成形式分类： 简单连词：and before after but 关联连词：both. and either. or. not. but neither. nor. 分词连词：considering that 考虑到 provided that 倘若providing that supposing that假如 复合连词：as if as though even if even though except that in that as

2、long as as soon as,2. 按性质特点分类：并列连词和从属连词 并列连词：用来连接并列的词、短语和句子的连词。主要表示两个分句之间的并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系的连词。如：,从属连词： 用来引导从句，一般连接主句与从句并修饰或说明主句的连词。从属连词通常引导名词性从句和状语从句。 引导名词性从句的从属连词有：whether/if/that/where/when /why/how/because who/what/,Whether we will cancel evening classes depends on the coming education policy.

3、 The reason why we will cancel evening classes is that students burdens are overloaded.,Revision of the Adverbial Clauses 状语从句,在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,九种状语从句,1. 时间状语从句 2. 地点状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 条件状语从句 5. 让步状语从句 6. 结果状语从句 7. 目的状语从句 8. 方式状语从句 9. 比较状语从句,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,1. 时间

4、状语从句,when, while, as, before, after, since, once , every time, each time, any time, the first/second/last time, by the time, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day immediately, directly, instantly, hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan , till, until, notuntil,一.就.,九种常用的状语从句及其常用

5、的连接词,where, wherever,because, since, as, for, now that, in that（因为） considering that, seeing that,if, unless, as(so) long as, on condition that, provided that, providing that supposing that,2.地点状语从句,3. 原因状语从句,4. 条件状语从句,九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词,6. 结果状语从句,so that, sothat, suchthat,so that, in order that, in

6、case,as, as if/as though,than, asas, not so/asas, the +比较级, the +比较级,7. 目的状语从句,8. 方式状语从句,9. 比较状语从句,5. 让步状语从句,although, though, as, even though/even if, while(虽然）, no matter +which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror；,用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从

7、句：,1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be. 3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it. 4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him. 5.I shall go to the park unless it rains. 6. No sooner had I got home tha

8、n it began to rain.,让步,比较,方式,结果,条件,时间,7. Where there is water, there is life. 8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates. 9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you. 10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart. 11. Once you begin the work, you must continue. 12. Altho

9、ugh the sun was shining, it wasnt very warm.,用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：,地点,目的,原因,让步,时间,让步,考点与难点归纳,1、状语从句连词的含义及用法比较； 2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引导的从句 的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及省略问题； 5、状语从句与其它从句区别。,考点与难点归纳,when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。如： When the film ended, they went back. When I

10、lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 2. When 常用于下列句式： when为并列连词意为“就在这时”。 was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when had donewhen 3. when可以表“既然”，如： How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?,注意同一个从属连词的多义性：,（一）连接词when的用法小结,问题1:

11、1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. whileD. when 3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time f

12、or it. A. where B. when C. thatD. until 4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. thatD. until 5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while,A,D,B,B,C

13、,一、时间状语从句,1. while引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”；从句的动作必须是持续性的，如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while引导时间状语从句, 意为：趁的情况赶紧做 Strike while the iron is hot. 3. while引导让步状语从句，放于主句之前，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although While I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved. 4.whi

14、le作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.,（二）连接词while的用法小结,问题2: 6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while 7. (04年江苏) _ I accept that he is not pe

15、rfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8. _it is true that a students most important goal is to do well in his or her studies, it doesnt need to be the only goal. A when B As C While D Before 9. Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal.(全国) A. so tha

16、t B. although C. while D. as if,D,A,C,C,1. as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边”；随着 She sang as she walked home all the way. (一边一边） She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music. As she grew older, she became more beautiful. （随着） As the day went on, the weather got worse. 2. as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为、由于” As sh

17、e is free today, she would like to do some shopping. 3. as引导让步状语从句（从句必须倒装）意为“尽管”。 Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （尽管） Hard as he worked, he cant work out the problem. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Try as he might, he wouldnt succeed.,（三）连接词as的用法,when, while, as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”。 1) when

18、可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如： When he came in, we were having supper. When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out. 2) while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep. 3) as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行

19、;也可表示“随着”。 She sang as she walked along. As the election approached, the violence got worse.,连接词when, while, as的用法区别：,* when/while/as 1. _ time went on, things began to change. 2.She thought I was talking ahout her daughter,_ ,in fact ,I was talking about my daughter. 3. _ I accept that he is not pe

20、rfect, I do actually like the person. 4.I was walking along the road _ suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 5. The students sang _ they went along.,when,As,while,While,as,一边.一边,:and then:正在的时候,突然,随着.,表对比:而,表让步:虽然,6.Strike _ the iron is hot. 7. _ a child,he lived in the countryside

21、. 8. Be careful _ crossing the steet.,while,As,when/while,as+n.=when.,1the moment, the instant，the minute, the second, the day immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 这些连词引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 I came immediately you called me up. 2如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于

22、句首，主句必须部分倒装。 注意：主句过去完成时，从句一般过去时 Hardly /scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. the first /second/last time, every time, each time, next time, by the time也可引导时间状语从句，从句一般时态 The first time I drove the car, I felt very nervous. Next time you come, please bring your composition.,（四）一.就.表达法小结：,（五）

23、time短语小结,问题3: Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. although 2. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he

24、realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had,B,C,C,1. until/till从句用于肯定句主句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。： We waited until/till he came. 2. until/till从句用于否定句主句时，主句谓语动词终止性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed until her father return

25、s. 3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it. 4notuntil句型的强调句，须将not一起提前强调： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 5. Not until. 放句首强调时，主句部分倒装。 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. 注意：till/until 从句中的谓语动词都是终止性动词,（六）till, until和notuntil小结：,问题4: 1. Was h

26、is father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. un

27、til 3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then,C,D,B,1、含义：before表示“在之前”，但还有如下意思 1） We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2） We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 3） Please

28、write it down before you forget it. 4） Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,（七）连接词before的小结：,1）It will be/段时间before “要过才会” It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）It was +时间段+before 从句 “过了才” It was three weeks before he came back 3）It will not be 时间段 b

29、efore“要不了就会” It wont be long before she comes back 4）It was not 时间段 before “没过就了” It wasnt long before he left the country. 5）It is/has been时间段since如： It is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army.,注意主从句时态,2before的一些特殊句式,问题5: 1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, b

30、ut then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. beforeD. as 2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of th

31、e room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after 4. (05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because,C,C,A,B,once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味，译为“一旦”。 _ they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.(2010北京) AA

32、s BWhile CUntil DOnce The research program is so designed that once started, nothing can stop it.,（八）once的用法小结,1.since引导时间状语从句，自从 (1)从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或完成 进行时。 (2)固定句型： It is/has been段时间since一般过去时。 若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示多久没做； 若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示自从做多久了 Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? Yes，since she

33、 _ the Chinese Society. Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined Djoined,（九）Since 用法小结,What was the party like? Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince Do you smoke? _. Its three years since I smoked. AYes，I do BYes，I dont CNo，I dont DNo，I do,问题1： 1. It is known to all tha

34、t _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if 2. You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. or 3. The little boy wont go to sleep his mother tells him a story.（2010全国） A. or B. unless C. but D. whether,A,A,B,unless 相

35、当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高考的热点之一。,二、条件状语从句,(1) unless=if . not 除非 You will fail unless you study hard. (2) suppose, supposing, providing(that), provided(that), given(that)= if Given that he supports us, well win the election. (3)on condition that（假设）, as long as, so long as = only if （只要） As long

36、as you dont lose heart, you will succeed. (4) as(so) far as .（就/据.） So far as I am concerned, Im in favor of “mercy killing”. 就我个人而言， 我支持安乐死。,条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气）。 注意：在真实条件句中，常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件状语从句： if, unless, supposing, providing (that), provided (that), （假如、倘若）；given (that)如果有

37、in case, on condition that, as long as等。,问题2： 1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. Because B. As far as C. as long as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if,

38、B,A,as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而言”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”。,问题1： 1、 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from yo

39、ur own. (05湖南卷） A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though,A,B,while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可连接并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,三、让步状语从句,1. 由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether. or.引导.,1) Though h

40、e is old, yet he is active. 2) Although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted. 3) Proud as/though the nobles are, they are afraid to see me. We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.,4) Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome. 5) Whereve

41、r (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study. 6) Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.,2. though与although，不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still, nevertheless等连用，用来加强语气。 Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.,3. as引导让步状语从句倒装,将从句表语的形容词、名词、副词或动词原

42、形放于as之前 although 不可以倒装，though可倒可不倒，as必倒。,4. whether or 无论还是 Whether sick or well, shes always happy.,问题2： 3. _, he doesnt study well. A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is 4. You should report any incident, _ serious or minor it is. A. however B. whatever C. who

43、ever D. whichever 5. Mr. Hall understands that _ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. A. unless B. since C. although D. when,6. _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled to much C. Much as I have trav

44、eled D. As I gave traveled to much 问题3： 7. - Dad, Ive finished my assignment. - Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter 8. You can eat food free in my restaurant_ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 9. You should t

45、ry to get a good nights sleep_ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever,10. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. A.However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story

46、 is amusing,11. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was.（05天津卷） A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although,12. The old tower must be saved, _the cost. 05浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever 13. English and French are taught here. You can choose _ you like. A. no matter

47、which B. whichever C. no matter what D. whatever,no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。 No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party. wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如： Whoever can help us will be welcome.,5.no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别,sothat, suchthat ,so that It

48、is so good a story that Ill never forget it. It is such a good story that Ill never forget it. 1)such+ a + adj + 名词（可数名词）+ that clause such+（adj）+名词复数/不可数名词 2)so +adj./adv. +that clause 3)so + many/few + 复数名词 +that clause much/little+不可数名词,四、结果状语从句,五、原因状语从句,1、 because表示事情发生的直接原因或理由，它的语气很强。 He didnt

49、come to school yesterday because he was ill. 1)回答why的提问,必须用because。 Why didnt he come yesterday? _ he had something important to do. ABecause BAs CSince DFor 2)当有only，just, all, partly, not, but等修饰时， The two girls were late again, which was partly because they got up late. 3) 在强调原因状语从句时，只能用because。

50、It was because it rained hard that they put off the football match.,2、 since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如： Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days? 3、 as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如： As its getting darker, we must go home now. 4、 for只是一个并列连词，用于连接

51、两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如： It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet,六、目的状语从句,.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should for

52、get it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,1. 通常由 so that, in order that, sothat, in case（以防、免得）for fear that(以防，以免)等引导,He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. She married him so that she might tend and comfort him. I explained again in case he should misunders

53、tand me.,2.目的状语从句中谓语动词常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情态动词。 I hid the knife under the bed _ he found it. A. if B. so that C. for fear that D. in order that,1) John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if 2)

54、Roses need special care_ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even f D. as 3) Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report _ her boss could read it first next morning. A. so that B. in order to C. before D. so as,so that表示目的还是表示结果？有时看逗号。结果从句多用逗号隔开。表结果的so that中that可以省略。 We

55、arrived early so that we could get good seats. We arrived early, so (that) we got good seats.,七、比较状语从句,1. asas, not as(so)as, 和.一样. more/-er than, 比.更. less+原级+than, 不如. 1)He doesnt work so hard as you do. 2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B. 3)The more you worry,the less youll succeed

56、. 4) Gold is much heavier than any other metal. I have seldom seen my mother pleased with my progress as she is now. A. so B. very C. too D. rather,Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area.,No one can be more fit for his office than he is.,2. “the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主

57、句)， 这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：,The more you study, the more you know. The harder we work, the happier we feel.,As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _ . A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life,3. 比较状从常用as或than引导时，有一些成分被省略, 有时候要用that 来代替比较对象，否则要产生歧义 John plays football _, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as The wea