西安爱知中学胡海燕.ppt

1、西安爱知中学 胡海燕,中考英语命题趋势 与复习备考策略,一，陕西中考如何命题（ 命题依据与原则）,二，考试的内容与要求,三，命题的变化,四，备战策略,五，核心考点,初中毕业学业考试性质/功能定位,“初中毕业学业考试是义务教育阶段的终结性考试，目的是全面、准确地反映初中毕业学生在学科学习目标方面所达到的水平。考试结果既是衡量学生是否达到毕业标准的主要依据，也是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。” 终结性考试 两考合一,考试命题的依据,1. 课程标准 2. 考试说明 3. 陕西省教育厅关于做好2012年 初中毕业学业考试与普通高中 招生制度改革工作的通知 4. 我省初中英语教学实际情况,依据国家课程

2、标准,教育部基础教育课程改革纲要（试行）提出：“国家课程标准是教材编写、教学、评估和考试命题的依据。”以及“考试命题要依据课程标准。” 教育部关于积极推进中小学评价与考试制度改革的通知更是突出了这一提法：“初中毕业、升学考试命题必须依据国家课程标准。”,命题的原则,1、依据课程标准兼顾教学实际。 2、要着重考查学生的综合语言运用能力 中考重点考查学生在具体情境中运用所学 英语知识与技能的能力，特别是用英语做 事情、完成任务的能力。,3.要充分考虑学生实际生活和身心发展水平。 4. 要切实考虑英语语言使用的实际情况。 在选择语言素材时，尽量使用真实、地道、典型的当代英语素材。,考试内容及要求,1

3、. 试题侧重考查学生的语言知识、语 言技能、跨文化交际意识和能力； 2.情感态度和学习策略可通过形成性评价来考查。,内容与要求,1. S V P He is Toms father. She feels happy. They are at home. 2. S V I often get up at six. 3. S V O Helen did her work well. 4. S V O O Please pass me a book. 5. S V O C Please keep your room clean. 6.There be (some, any ) There is an

4、 apple on the desk.,3.语法及句子结构,(1)五种常见句型和there be结构。,常见时态的一般用法 现在进行时 Tom is reading English now. 一般现在时 She often goes to school by bus. 一般过去时 My father woke up late this morning. 一般将来时 His grandpa will go to the USA this week. Mary is going to clean her room tomorrow. 过去进行时 John was watering the flow

5、ers at that time. 现在完成时 They have studied in this school for 3 years. 去掉了：过去完成时 过去将来时,4.语法及句子结构,5. 复合句 1)状语从句 （时间、地点、目的、结果、原因、方式、条件、比较 ） I was sleeping when you called me yesterday. Wherever I went, the dog followed me. He got up early so that he could went to school early. He got up so early that h

6、e arrived at school early. He couldnt get up because his legs were hurt. I often go to school by bus. I am going shopping if I am free tomorrow. He is taller than I(me ). / He is as tall as me(I).,He says his new book will come out next week. 2. He said his new book would come out the next week. 3.

7、They asked me if I would help them. 4.He asked me how old I was. 5.He wants to know If we will visit Beijing next month. If we arrive, call him as soon as possible. 6. My mother asked me what was wrong with me.,2)宾语从句,定语从句（明确了：能辨认出带有由that, which, who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子意思。),一般现在时 The trees are planted

8、every year. 一般过去时 My homework was finished two hours ago. 一般将来时 The film will be showed this weekend. 现在完成时 The task has been done. 其他不做要求,6. 被动语态,7. 非谓语动词-把了解动词不定式的一般用法改为掌握,2.作宾语补足语 They asked him to come back soon. My mother made me clean my room yesterday.,3.作目的状语 My uncle is coming to see me thi

9、s afternoon.,1.动词不定式做宾语 He wants to play football after school.,（1）主语 （2）谓语 （3）表语 （4）宾语 （5）定语 （6）状语 （7）宾语补足语 （由原来的补语变为宾补）,8.句子成分：,难 度： 1、难度：0、65左右； 2、容易题、较易题、较难题、 难题的比例：4：3：2：1,2012年英语试题的 一个变化：,任务阅读由原来的填空变为 回答问题,（一）认真解读中考说明，了解中考的范围； (二）分析近几年陕西中考题型特点、规律以及趋势，制定好切实可行的复习计划,三，复习策略与建议,必须构建知识框架，化零为整。了解学过了哪

10、些知识，它们之间有什么联系；哪些是必须掌握的，属于中考必考范围；哪些知识属于拓展、了解部分，不会作为考点。这样也会使我们把握好复习的深度和广度，有目的，有针对性地复习，避免无休止扩展，进入误区，绕弯路。,（三）知识的归纳总结,1. 课本知识的归纳总结。 紧扣课本，吃透教材，抓住要点，不断反复。每天坚持按计划复习课本知识，每天熟记 一定量的单词、重点词组、句型、语法等要点，对于固定词组和习惯用语要背诵，并能够默写。对于每单元的重点词、词组进行归纳总结，并配练习进行巩固。,2. 按话题归类，进行情景交际与应用复习。,初中教材中涉及的话题有购物、问路、看病、借东西、谈论天气、就餐、提供帮助、看电影、

11、打电话等48个功能用语。每天早晨大声朗读和背诵所学过的课文、对话， 达到听、说训练一体化。,（1）和本话题有关的单词以及短语； （ 2）有关句子 （3）对话 （4）书面表达,（四）按中考题型题型复习,中间穿插语法练习：名词的单复数、代词（包括人称代词、物主代词、不定代词反身代词和疑问代词等）、连词、介词、冠词、形容词、副词以及他们的比较级、最高级、动词的时态、语态、情态动词、动词词组、非谓语动词、宾语从句、状语从句、主从句时态关系、主谓一致等等都是中考语法试题的重点考察项目。,1. 听力部分,在最后复习阶段，坚持每天听，每天利用至少半个小时的时间，大声朗读和背诵所学过的课文、对话，通过朗读和背

12、诵熟悉所学过的各种交际用语和功能用语，让学生把这些交际用语的表达式烂记于心，这样，答题的时候就有语感，准确率就会高得多。,2. 语言知识,属于考查各项基础知识的传统题型，此题内容涉及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语功能等方面，考察学生语法基础知识的运用能力。此题灵活，覆盖面广，而且单纯的“语法题”已经很少，“语境+语法题”越来越多，主要考核语言在语境中的运用，答题时如果忽视语境，就很容易答错，这就要求学生能对句子进行正确分析，对基础语法进行灵活运用。,3. 完形填空,1、重首句。 2、重语境。 3、重实词。 4、重快速领悟文章主旨的能力。 5、重对文章的整体把握能力。 6、重考查排除干扰、完形词

13、义的能力,4. 阅读训练,阅读理解部分应通过文章的字里行间，挖掘作者的写作意图和真实思路，领会文章的弦外之音、话外之意。要求能对文章中提到的表层信息点进行整合和推理。有些选项确实是文章中提到的事实，但不一定是问题的答案，因此还要仔细读题。,在阅读训练时要注意以下几个方面：,1.要有阅读积累，每天阅读2 到3个小短文。 2.阅读的范围要广泛。 3.阅读要提速，要有时间限制（每篇四到五分钟）。 4.重视整体理解能力。遇生词不要查字典，通过上下文来理解。 5.答题时要抓住关键词语。,阅读方法,1. 通读全文领会大意，弄清整篇短文意思。 2. 阅读所设题目。 3. 精读全文选答案。 4. 重读全文，检

14、验答案。,在进行阅读训练时，进行阅读技巧训练也 是很有必要的。,主旨大意题、作者意图推测题、推理判断题、归纳总结题、解读句意、词意题等题型增加了,（五）完成句子,它要求考生有较精确的语言素养，考查考生对词义的理解、词汇的拼写、词性的选择和运用，以及固定搭配、句子的类型结构、句子的时态等方面的能力。这个题在一定程度上提高了对学生的综合语言运用能力的考查力度。,答题时要注意：,1. 通读全句，联系上下文，确定所需词语。 2. 要掌握初中英语教材1-3册“四会”的单词拼写。,6. 短文填空,该题型是一种综合性比较强的题型，主要考核学生对篇章的整体理解和词或词组在句子中的运用能力，在理解文章的基础上正

15、确运用。学生必须在读懂文章，把握故事脉络的基础上用所给词的适当形式来填空。,训练方法：,通读文章，猜测文章大意。 再读，选词，填词。 再读，检查。主要检查逻辑是否通，词形变化是否正确。,7. 任务型阅读,目的是考查学生通过阅读获取信息并进行信息整合与转换的能力。有时候可以直接从文章中得出答案，有时候需要对文章彻底理解并从新整合才能得出答案，对学生的概括能力要求较高。,8. 补全对话,补全对话考查学生交际应用英语的能力。,平时练习中要注意以下几点：,A.答题时，语言要简洁、得体，表达要地道。 B.应将一些常见情景下经常运用的句型、词组背熟，比如，问路、看病、邀请等常规用语。 C.语言实践与思维训

16、练相结合。,9.写作训练,A. 仔细审题、分清题型。 B. 语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。 C. 注意文章的条理性，有主题句或中心句，有结尾句。 D. 仔细检查，注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致；是否有单词拼写错误，是否有单复数的错误；字数是否达到要求。,四， Tell me and Ill forget. Show me and I may not remember. Let me try and Ill understand.,五，Be confident,1. want to do / refuse / decide / would like / hope / pretend / pla

17、n / wish to do 2. - Is this/ that your - Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 3. - Where is your? - Its on/ in 4. - Do you like? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 5. - How much is / are? -Its / They are dollars/ yuan. 6. - When is ? -Its on March 3./ Its in June. 7. What kind of do you like? 8. What a funny time to

18、eat breakfast! What fine weather it is today! 9. - Can you do? -Yes, I can./ No, I cant. 10. What time / When do you usually get up? 11. - Whats your favorite subject? -My favorite subject is. 12. -Who is that man in the car? - He is my father. 13. - What color is your bike ? - My bike is blue. 14.

19、How old is he / are you? 15. let sb do sth,中考核心考点：,16. make sb do sth / be made to do make sb / sth + adj. 17. How / What about sth / doing sth? 18. Hows the weather in Beijing today? Whats the weather like today? 19. What day is it today? 20. Whats the date today? 21. What does she look like? Whats

20、 she like? 22. stop doing sth. stop to do sth 23. -What do you think of ? - Wonderful! / Its so crowded. 24. -How do you like ? - I like it very much 25. How do you feel about pollution? 26. enjoy/ finish / would mind / consider / practice / spend / keep/ feel like/be busy / have fun / have trouble

21、doing sth 27. Its time to do / Its time for sb to do / Its time for sth 28. -What does he do? / Whats his job? - He is a policeman. 29. help sb ( to ) do sth / help sb with sth with ones help / with the help of sb 30. hope to do sth / hope that,31. Its + hard / important / difficult + for sb to do s

22、th 32. until, notuntil 33. It takes / took sb some time to do sth spend time / money on sth / spend time / money in doing sth pay money for sth cost sb money 34. be far away from be away from leave leave for 35. need to do sth need sb./ sth to do sth sth needs doing 36. have to do sth have sth. to d

23、o have / get sth done 37. be + adj 比较级 + than do + adv 比较级 + than 38. be + as + adj 原级 + as do + as + adv 原级+ as 39. be + not so adj 原级 + as do + not so adv原级 + as be less + adj 原级 + than 40. How many bananas do you need? How much yogurt do you need? 41. There was / were + n doing + 地点 42. take the

24、/ a bus to by bus on a bus 43. have fun doing sth 44. start doing / to do sth begin to do / doing 45. how far how soon how long how often how many times,46. too + adj / adv to do sth adj / adv enough to do so adj. / adv that such a / an adj+ n that 47. be going to do sth. 48. -Could / Can you please

25、 ( not ) do sth ? - Yes, I can. / Of course. / Sure. 49. What/ who is the best + 名词 + 范围？ 50. There will be There is / are going to be. 51. tell sb to do sth ask / want / would like / allow / sb to do sth tell ask / want / would like sb not to do sth / be told / asked to do 52. find it adj. to do st

26、h 53. try to do sth / try not to do sth / try doing sth 54. Whats wrong with.? = Whats the matter with? 55. see / hear / notice / sb doing sth when see / hear / notice / sb do be seen /heard / noticed to do / doing 57. be supposed to do sth should do 58. be surprised to do/ be surprised at sth / be

27、surprised that 59. the +比较级， the +比较级 比较级 and 比较级 变为比较级只加er, est的形容词： lucky early healthy lively lovely clever early 60. sb / sth is the first one to do sth,61. -Would you mind ( not ) doing sth? - Of course not. / Youd better not. Would you mind my/ his doing sth? 62. have a hard time doing sth / h

28、ave trouble ( in ) doing sth have problems ( in ) doing sth / have difficulty ( in ) doing/ have a difficult time doing sth 63. be busy doing / be busy with sth 64. 疑问词+不定式与宾语从句的转换 I wonder when to start. = I wonder when we will start. 66. with+宾语+宾语补足语 表示方式或伴随 with + 名词 作定语 My teacher came into the

29、 classroom with a book in her hand. He rushed out with smiling. The woman with a baby in her arms is going to get on the bus. The old man with glasses is my grandfather. 67. one of + the + 形容词最高级 +复数名词 68. So + 助动词 + 主语 Neither ( Nor ) + 助动词 + 主语/ So + 主语 + 助动词 69. would rather do than do = prefer to do rather than do / prefer A to B prefer doing to doing 70. There must be 主语doing 71. have been have been in have been to have gone 72. Why not do st