人教版中考复习 就近一致原则.ppt

1、agreement,主谓一致的三个原则: 语法一致、就近一致、意义一致,就近一致原则,由or , either or, neithernor, not onlybut also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 但注意with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than

2、/besides/rather than +名词 置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。,The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.,(一）谓语动词为单数的情况,1.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家 cf: the worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家 Bread and butter is a daily food in the We

3、st.,2every and (every),each and (each ,no and (no) ,many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语。,Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.,3one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语 Each of the students has a book. 4clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery

4、, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。 maths physics Swiss United states .,（二）谓语动词为复数的情况,1由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。 The police are looking f

5、or the missing child. 3goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。,4由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语,6表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 7 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构

6、成的不定代词作主语。Anybody,something 8非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。,(三) 谓语动词单、复数视情况而定,1集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。

7、His family is a great one. His family are music lovers.,2means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。 The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built. 3kind, sort , pair ，type +名词作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。 4all , none, some , any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good

8、. .5half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/ 分数、百分数+of +名词作主语,主谓一致精练与解析,1.More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting,由more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数,又如：More than one man was injured in the accid

9、ent. More than one house has been repaired.,2. One or perhaps more pages _ missing. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been,由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的 主语一致。,又如：Are you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?,3.An expert, together with some assistants, _ to help in this work. A. was sent B. were sent

10、C. is sending D. are sending,由 with，together with，along with，rather than，no less than ， but， besides，except等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前一个相一致。,又如：Nobody but John and Helen was absent. I, rather than you, am responsible for the accident.,4.The police _ the black in winter. A. wears B. wear C. put on D. puts

11、 on,英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。,又如：Some people spend a lot of money on clothes. Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.,5.The number of students that you have met _ the life of the team. A. are B. is C. were D. be,the number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。a number of复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数

12、。,又如：The number of cars is increasing in Beijing. A number of books have been published on this subject.,6. To get up early and to go to sleep early _ good for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were,由and连接两个名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，若指同一件事或一个概念事，谓语动词用单数形式。,又如：Whether to go on or return is not known. Tim

13、e and tide waits for no man.,7. More students than one _. A. were punished B. is punished C. was punished D. will punish,More 复数名词 than one 和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。,又如：More students than one were punished. More than one student was punished.,8. What they need _ more people

14、. A. is B. are C. has D. have,名词从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数， 但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。本句从表语more people 可以得知主语what we need指复数内容。,又如：What we need is more time. What he needs are books. What he says and what he does do not agree.,Exercises,1. This glass works _ set up in 1980. 2. The news _exciting. 4. The num

15、ber of errors _surprising.,was/is,was/is,was/is,5.The crowd_running for their lives. 6. Either your students or Mr. Wang _ (know) this.,are,knows,1.The whole family _watching TV. (be ) 2. Five minutes _ (be) enough to do this exercise. 3. More than one student _ (have ) seen the film. 2. More member

16、s than one _ against your plan.,are,is,has,are,1.The whole family _ watching TV. (be ) 2. Five minutes _ (be) enough to do this exercise. 3. More than one student _ (have ) seen the film. 4. More members than one _ against your plan.,are,is,has,are,4. Between the two windows _ (hang) a picture. 5. T

17、his kind of men _(be) dangerous. 6. A knife and fork _(be) on the table.,hangs,is,is,1.The teacher as well as the students _(be) excited. 2. Quantities of food _(be) on the table. 3 Large amounts of money _(be) spent on the bridge.,is,are,are,4. One and a half bananas _(be) left on the table. 5.This

18、 is one of the most interesting questions that _(have) been asked. 6. She was the only one of the girls who _(be) late for the meeting.,is,have,was,1.what we need _(be) doctors. 2 Half of the apples _(be) left there. A number of students _ (have) gone to the countryside to help with The autumn harvest.,are,are,have,4. Tom or his brothers _(be) waiting in the room. 5. To love or to be loved _(be) the great happiness.,are,is,1 Walking and riding _(be) good exercises 2 Many a sh