《英语构词法》.ppt

1、英语构词法主要有三种： 转化、合成与派生。,英语构词法种类,另外还有截短、缩合等。,Guess,Have you booked your ticket？ Who chaired the meeting？ It can seat a thousand people. We have mapped out plans for their travel. It pictures the life of overseas Chinese students. He hurriedly penciled the time on it.,They flowered well but bore little

2、fruit. The pill is coated with sugar. They breakfasted（lunched） at the guesthouse. The money was all pocketed by the officials. I wolfed down three bowls of rice. He is busy oiling the bicycle.,1. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。,water n. 水 - water vt. 浇水,常见的转化形式两种： 动词 - 名词 名词 - 动词,stop vt. 停止 - n._ stand vt.

3、站 - n. _ house vt. _ - n. 房子 date vt. _ - n. 日期 comb vt. _ - n. 梳子 soldier vt._ - n. 士兵,hand n. 手 - vt. _ seat n. 座位- vt. _ nurse n. 护士- vt. _ nose n. 鼻子- vt. _ time n. 时间 - vt. _ shoulder n. 肩膀 - vt. _,2. 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 class 班级 + room 房间 = classroom 教室,warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 goo

4、d + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的,hard + working peace-loving, bloodthirsty state-owned， well-known Try:,3. 派生 : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。,happy - unhappy develop - development,前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis- 错误的 + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解,en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 扩大,后缀一般只引

5、起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,care v. 照料 - careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 - worker n. 工人,常见的前缀,(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker, nonsense, nonstop (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive, inhuman, indirect, inability (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前) il-illegal ir-irreal,

6、irregular,(B).表示程度、大小的前缀 super- superstar,supermarket, superman, superpower over- overhead, overeat, overuse mini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-car under- underground, under-develop,(C).表示时间的前缀 pre- prewar, pretest, preschool post- postwar, post-reading fore-(前，预先) foretell, foreman forecast, foresee,(D

7、).表示方位的前缀： up- 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill sub- 表示“在下面，下, 次, 附属” subway, submarine, subtitle, inter-, intel-, 表示“在间，相互” international, interaction, internet, medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中，中间” Mediterranean, midposition,out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook,

8、 overhead, overboard trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边” translate, transform, transoceanic、,E)表示相反，相互对立意思,anti-, ant- antiknock, antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy with-, withdraw, withst

9、and,常见的后缀,1.动词变名词： -ation satisfaction, education, realization -ment development, movement, disappointment,-ee trainee, employee -er teacher, worker -or visitor, sailor,2.形容词变名词 -ness happiness, meanness, carelessness -ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism,2. 名词、形容词变动词： -ify beautify, simplify -ize realize -en quicken, widen, sharpen,4. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone - phone influenza - flu