新人教版英语必修四第一单元语法精品课件.ppt

1、主谓一致,Agreement,主谓一致,句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化，其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 她的梦想已经实现了。 Her dreams _ come true. Her dream _come true. 从以上两个例句可以看出谓语动词随主语的数而变化。,have,has,她(他)常常搭公车上学。 She/He often goes to school by bus. 他们常常搭公车上学。 They often go to school by bus.,主谓一致,主谓一致,他（她）是老师。 He/She is a t

2、eacher. 他们是老师。 They are teachers.,主谓一致,语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 随前原则,语法一致,（1）主语是and，bothand连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 Both rice and wheat _ grown in this part of China. (be) 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 My mother and I have seen the film.,are,The gift is used to have western meals. What is it?,a

3、knife and fork,A knife and fork_ used to have meals.,is,a singer and dancer,The singer and dancer _ on the stage.,is,注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。 No student and no teacher _,语法一致,was in

4、vited to the party.,语法一致,（2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如 with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 就远原则 那位老师和两个学生受邀参加了会议。 The teacher with two students _. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，已经学会了开汽车。 The girl as well as the boys _.,was i

5、nvited to the meeting,has learned to drive a car,All the people except the driver _to talk and laugh. A. was encouraged B. were encouraged C. was encouraging D. were encouraging,一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。 A library with five thousand books _ (offer) to the nation as a gift. 电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。 E-mai

6、l, as well as telephones, _ daily communication. 只有简知道这个秘密。 Nobody but Jane _ 当Mary走进房间时，除了一个人外所有人都在聊天。 All but one _ when Mary entered the room.,is/was offered,plays an important part in,knows the secret.,were talking,语法一致,语法一致,（3）非谓语动词或从句作主语非谓语动词 (动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。 我们这里需要的是资金。 What

7、we need here is money 什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没决定。When and where to build the new factory _. 核实事实是非常重要的。Checking information_.,has not been decided yet,is very important,语法一致,学习英语不容易。 Learning English is not easy. 谁会来还不清楚。,Who will come is not clear.,语法一致,（4）each和复合不定代词作主语 each和some/any/no/every十body/one/thin

8、g构成的复合不定代词anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。 没有一个人知道这答案。 有人想见你。 箱子里有什么东西吗? 他们每一个人在学校都表现良好。 Each of them _. They each _.,behaves well at school,behave well at school,Nobody knows the answer.,Someone wants t

9、o see you.,Is there anything in the box?,语法一致,（5）“many a +单数名词”作主语 many a(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 很多学生去过北京。 Many students have been to Beijing. Many a student has been to Beijing. 你的问题不只有一个答案。 There is more than one answer to your question. 不只一个顾客在这家店受到了不好的对待。 More than one cust

10、omer was treated badly at the store.,语法一致,（6）one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。 He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years 汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。 Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help t

11、he old man. 注意：如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。 汤姆是那些乐于助人的男孩之一。 Tom is one of the boys who are willing to help others.,语法一致,（7）由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语 有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如glasses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(裤子)等作主语，其后谓语动词用复数形式。 His glasses _ broken yesterday, so he cant see well. (be) His trouser

12、s _ made of cotton. (be) 注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时，则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。 两条裤子不见了。 Two pairs of trousers _ missing. 这双鞋上星期卖出去了。 This pair of shoes was sold out last week .,were,are,are,Exercises,1. Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English. (is/ are) 2. Whether he comes or

13、not _ of no matter. (is /are) 3. To say _ one thing; to do _another. (is/are) 4. Listening, speaking, reading and writing _four skills for English study. (is/are) 5. Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle. (is/are),is,is,is,is,are,are,二、意义一致。 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数， 也

14、可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。 强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体 的用复数。这类名词有audience, team, people, family, class, police, crowd, team, government等。 His family is going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family are all music lovers. 他们全家都是音乐爱好者。,The group _ made up of nine students.,The group_ dancing happily.,is,are,The team _ some good players.

15、 (have) The team _ handsome. (be),has,are,1.由集体名词,如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. His family is very large.他家是一个大家庭。 His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。,意义一致：,Choose the correct verb form to com

16、plete the following sentences.,1.The research group (is, are) made up of five people.,2.What (do, does) the group want for their lunch?,3.Our family (is, are) not poor any more.,4.He has to worry. His family (is, are) waiting for him.,5.The class (is, are) more than forty in number.,is,do,is,are,is,

17、6.The class (have, has) disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.,7.The government (has, have) spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.,8.The city government ( has, have) different opinions about next years plan.,have,has,have,注意：但集体名词为 people, police, cattl

18、e等在多数情况下谓语动词都用复数形式。,9.The police_ (is, are) searching for the thief.,are,表示一类人的 “the +形容词(分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital. The lost have been found.,表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如： Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。 Two hours is enough for

19、 me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。,三、就近原则 如果连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如： 不是你疯了就是我疯了。,Either you or I am mad.,Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.,Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.,在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk. =There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk. =There are several books, a pen and two pencils