从海绵城市到可持续的城市（课件）

1、,从海绵城市到 可持续的城市,1,April.16.2015,李凤禹,塑造面向未来的珍水城市 Create Smart Watershed development of City Future,2012.7.21,2012.5,江西鄱阳湖,塑造面向未来的珍水城市 Create Smart Watershed development of City Future,2012.7.21,北京,塑造面向未来的珍水城市 Create Smart Watershed development of City Future,2012.11,天津滨海新区,快速城市化，使水资源日趋紧张、枯竭 不精明的增长策略，损

2、耗自然资源 薄弱的基础设施建设及滞后的设施维护工作，影响城市安全 利益驱动，污染造成自然生境的毁灭性损害,为什么，水不再温顺？,水与城市的关系，决定了可持续的未来发展，今天，我们必须反思： In managing risk and seeking to create a better future world to be truly sustainable we have to think about the Water issues of: 水与气候变化 / Climate Change 水资源紧缺/Water Scarcity 水环境破坏/Environmental Damage 水灾和防

3、治 / Disaster Prevention 滨水的开发 / Waterfront Development 水与文化精神/ Culture 水与公共活动 / Public Activity,塑造面向未来的珍水城市 Create Smart Watershed development of City Future,如何统筹城市化发展与城市水环境的问题？,量化模拟/动态监控/综合统筹,流域被作为完整的系统通盘考虑 水被作为城市的战略性资源储备 优化地上/地下平衡的水循环系统 构建链接/互通的亲水的城市生活空间场所 通过教育引导节水/敬水的生活方式,可持续实现的路径：蓝网,保护现有流域的汇水系统

4、采用高密度，紧凑型建设发展模式 提高水资源的利用效率 创造更多的渗透性开放空间 鼓励低维护费用的生态基础设施,1整合的规划设计方法 Integrated Design Approaches,裕廊湖区可持续发展总体规划，新加坡 Jurong Lake District Sustainability Masterplan, Singapore,水资源保护 用量化要求改变行为 政府的激励与监督机制 能反映水资源真正价值的定价机制 饮用水的替代来源 明确场地特征 完善水平衡 确定再利用方式 污水处理 雨水采集，废水回收与再利用 洪水管理 遵守社区用水预算 法定规划层面的创新与导引,2水资源管理 Wat

5、er Resources Management,Norman Creek流域愿景规划, 布里斯班，澳大利亚 Norman Creek Catchment Vision and Concept, Brisbane, Australia,Water Conservation Education to achieve behavioral change Government incentives and regulation Price structuring that reflects waters true value Alterative sources to subscribe potabl

6、e water Define site characteristics Complete water balance Identify reuse options Sewer overflow events Water capture, recycling and reclamation Flood management Living within a community water budget,对未来生活方式的思考 普及下一代可持续发展及珍水教育 开展公共社区培训活动，增强公众意识,3教育与培训 Training and Education,Nova Luz城市更新，圣保罗，巴西 Nova

7、 Luz Regeneration, So Paolo, Brazil,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,Zidells Park,案例1: 天津北塘社区可持续规划,塑造面向未来的珍水城市 Create Smart Watershed development of City Future,可持续系统整合方法论 SSIM Introduction

8、and Overall Methodology,01,26,对于一个整合模型的需求Need for an Integrated Model,You cant manage what you cant measure 你无法对于不能衡量的事物进行管理 Sustainable design CAN save costs 可持续设计能够降低成本 We live/work in inter-connected environments 我们生活在相互关联的环境中 There are lots of Sustainable design choices and fewer Right Choices 可

9、持续设计选择很多，但是正确的选择却很少,Quantification 量化,Sustainable Economics 可持续经济,Optimization 最优化,Whole Systems 全系统,需求 Need,整合设计与全系统思考方式Integrated Design and Whole Systems Thinking,27,整合模型框架Integration Modeling Framework,Integration Platform,Framework System 目标追求决策版,Sustainable Form 可持续城市形态,Master Plan,28,Stage I

10、第一阶段 Land Plan Evaluation 土地规划评估,Stage II 第二阶段 Core System Performance Benchmarking 核心系统性能定级,Stage III 第三阶段 Program Optimization 计划优化,SSIM方法论SSIM Methodology,29,SSIM方法适用于各种尺度The SSIM Approach is Applicable to Various Scales,建筑Building,校园Campus,城市 City,现有项目EXISTING,新开发NEW,30,65+ Measures / Packages,L

11、EED Credits,SSIM拥有强大的措施数据库，可以满足各种需求SSIM is Comprehensive in Scope with a Library of Measures,31,SSIM方法包括整合的设计协同The SSIM Approach includes Integrated Design Synergies,停车位需求量的减少 X%, Y Spaces,32,SSIM第一阶段 选择优选方案SSIM Stage I Selecting Preferred Plans,33,SSIM第二阶段 主要系统成本效益分析和目标制定SSIM Stage II: Primary Syst

12、ems Cost-Benefit Analysis and Benchmarking,初始投资 First-Costs,将组合融于总体可持续方案 Packages Combined into Master Sustainability Programs,生命周期成本 Life Cycle Costs,各个专题项目优化组合 Optimized Packages for Each Core Theme,环境效益 Environmental Benefit,市场承受力 Market Cost Acceptance,生活用水 Domestic Water 佳good 优良better 最优best,交

13、通 Transportation 佳good 优良better 最优best,公共空间 Public Realm 佳good 优良better 最优best,可再生能源 Renewable Energy 佳good 优良better 最优best,专题项目建模Core Theme Modeling,建筑能源 Building Energy 佳good 优良better 最优best,34,Real-time Readout of Primary Performance Indicators 主要性能指标的实时显示,Real-time Readout of Primary Cost Indica

14、tors 主要成本指标的实时显示,Program Alternatives 计划,Package Selection 组合选择,Core Systems 核心系统,SSIM第三阶段 调试并建立优化的计划SSIM Stage III Gaming and Creating an Optimized Program,35,SSIM第三阶段 生命周期成本分析SSIM Stage III Life Cycle Cost Analysis,36,城市规划阶段的用水需求量控制 Water Demand Reduction in Planning Stage,02,Input Alternative Pla

15、ns into the SSIM Framework and Generate Development Program Data in formats compatible with SSIM Modules 将备选方案输入SSIM框架，生成与SSIM各模块兼容的开发方案数据 Evaluate Alternative Land Plans to Select Preferred Plan with Most Potential for Sustainability using key performance indicators (KPIs)根据关键性能指标，评估备选方案，并选择出最具可持续性

16、的优选方案,38,第一阶段目标 Stage I Objectives,开发性能,生态性能,可达性和空间分布,资源使用,废物产生量,39,第一阶段介绍Stage I Introduction,Urban Form is the single largest determinant of GHG emissions 城市形态是独立的最大温室气体排放决定因素,SSIM provides guidance towards creating low water urban form SSIM为建立低水城市形态提供了指导方向,第一阶段模拟过程Stage I Modeling and Process,利用G

17、IS建模工具绘图 Draw Concept with GIS Sketch Tools With Project specific land use and features pallete,运行城市形态分析模型，建立土地和建筑方案 Run Indicator, Urban Form Analysis Model & Generate Land & Building Program 利用智能绘图和地理过程建模 Using Intelligent Prototyping of Land Use and Modelbuilder Geoprocessing,将土地和建筑方案输入性能模型 Feed

18、Land & Building Program to Performance Models,获得性能结果 Get Performance Results,1,整合GIS - 概念规划界面 INTEGRATED GIS Sketch Planning Interface,2,3,4,40,第一阶段模拟过程Stage I Modeling and Process,总体规划方案的生成利用智能土地使用模拟 Master Plan Program Generation Using Intelligent Land Use Prototyping,41,42,第一阶段工具和调试板Stage I Tools

19、 and Dashboards,43,北塘项目第一阶段：评估3个方案 Tanggu Stage 1: Evaluating 3 Schemes,Scheme 1 方案 1(原控规),Scheme 2 方案2,Scheme 3 方案3,水系循环规划,水体循环 : 水源：来自河水或经过湿地处理的污水 Water source: from River or effluent of WWTP which are treated by wetland : 水源：雨水或处理后污水 Water source: rainwater or effluent of WWTP : 水源：雨水或水源 Water so

20、urce: rainwater or water from part 所有雨水或处理过的污水排入河流中，并可重复用于开发地区的道路冲洗和洗车用水 All the rainwater or treated water which flow into the river can be recycled back to the development area for road or car cleaning,44,雨水收集策略,45,雨水最佳管理实践策略,草沟/生态滤水带Swale/Bioretention,滞留池/过滤系统 Retention/Filtration System,雨水处理设施规划

21、,46,典型人工湿地断面设计,溢流渠Overflow Channel,过流渠Effluent Channel,人工湿地Constructed Wetland,入口Inlet Pond,Stage1,Stage2,47,北塘项目第一阶段：建立建筑和地块定义表Tanggu Stage 1: Creating Building and Block Definition Tables,Building into Population, Employment and Energy + Water 分解为人口、就业和能源、水资源,Block into Buildings and Landscape 分解为

22、建筑和景观,District into Blocks 分解为地块,C1,District Shape from GIS 地区形状,Block Definition Table 地块定义表格,Building Definition Table 建筑定义表格,Building Energy Model 建筑能源模型,Landscape Definition Table 景观定义表格,General Land Use 一般土地利用,Nested Hierarchical Calculations 嵌套式分级计算,Number of Trees,Population & Employment,Ener

23、gy per Building,Water per Building,48,北塘项目第一阶段：建立建筑和地块定义表Tanggu Stage 1: Creating Building and Block Definition Tables,地块定义,建筑定义,49,北塘第一阶段：应用当量建筑水耗模型 Tanggu Stage 1: Applying Equivalent Building Water Models,Generate Building Program 生成建筑计划,Assign Equivalent Building Model 当量建筑分配模型,Calculate # of Eq

24、uivalent Buildings 计算当量建筑,Analyze Plan 分析方案,1,2,3,4,Calculate Total Development Building Water 计算所有开发的水耗,50,北塘项目第一阶段：总结矩阵和结论Tanggu Stage 1: Summary Matrix and Conclusion,Scheme 3 has most favorable scores and is the preferred plan 方案三得分最高，因此是优选方案,详细设计和建设实施阶段的水资源管理 Water Management in Detailed Design

25、 and Construction Stage,03,水资源 Water,简介和模拟过程 Introduction and Modeling Process,水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning,在建筑环境中保留自然水平衡 不浪费水资源或使景观超负载的积极措施 措施包括 低影响景观设计 智能灌溉 高效设备 雨水回用 灰水回用 黑水回用 整合自然雨水管理 Restores the natural hydrological equilibrium in the built environment An optimum way to secure water resources

26、without exhausting resources or over-taxing landscapes Components include: Low-impact landscape design Intelligent irrigation High-efficiency fixtures Reuse of rainwater Reuse of greywater Reuse of blackwater Integrated, natural stormwatermanagement,52,水资源 Water,简介和模拟过程 Introduction and Modeling Pro

27、cess,Precipitation 降雨 Temperature 气温 Evapotranspiration 蒸发 Soil (clay, sand) 土壤（泥土，砂土）,Residential 居住用地 Commercial 商业用地 Open Space 开放空间 Common Areas 一般区域 Roadways 道路,Limit on Total Water Use 限制总用水量 Water Law 水法 Wastewater Discharge 污水排放 Stormwater Mitigation 暴雨削减,Save Water 节水 Harvest Water 收集水 Less

28、en Impact 减少影响 Sustainability 可持续性,Low Demand Landscaping 低水耗景观 Intelligent Irrigation 精明灌溉 High Efficiency Fixtures 高效器具 Reuse Rainwater 雨水回用 Reuse Greywater 灰水回用 Reuse Blackwater 黑水回用 Use TSE 处理的污水使用 Detain, Retain, Treat Stormwater 阻滞、滞留、处理雨水,Environment + Climate 环境与气候,Land Use Program 土地使用方案,Re

29、quirements必备条件,Goals目标,Strategies 策略,53,水资源 Water,简介和模拟过程 Introduction and Modeling Process,降雨 Rainfall,径流 Runoff,渗透 Infiltration,水足迹 Water Footprint发展前情况 Predevelopment Condition,54,水资源 Water,简介和模拟过程 Introduction and Modeling Process,水足迹 Water Footprint发展后情况 Post-Development Condition,降雨 Rainfall,饮

30、用水 Potable Water,雨水中污染物 Pollutants in Storm water,增加径流 Increased Runoff,城市污水 Sewage,渗透减少 Decreased Infiltration,热! Heat!,55,水资源 Water,简介和模拟过程 Introduction and Modeling Process,水足迹 Water Footprint可持续发展情况 Sustainable Development Condition,降雨 Rainfall,减少饮用水 Reduced Potable Water,WEc 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2

31、EAc 1,雨水增强 Stormwater Enhancements,SSc 6.2 SS Prerequisite 1,减少雨水径流 Reduced Stormwater Runoff,SSc 6.1,减少废水 Reduced Wastewater,WEc 2,增加径流 Increased Infiltration,SSc 6.1, SSc 6.2,热岛/绿色屋顶 Heat Islands/Green Roof,雨水收集 Rainfall Harvesting,SSc 7.1 SSc 6.1 SSC 7.2 SSc 6.2,SSc 6.1WEc 2 SSc 6.2WEc 1.1, 1.2 W

32、Ec 3.1, 3.2,56,水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施 Example Measures,水模型措施-室内用水-居住 Water Model Measures Interior Use Assumptions - residential,水资源 Water,简介和模拟过程 Introduction and Modeling Process,57,水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施 Example Measures,水模型措施-室外用水 Water Model Measures Exterior Use Assumptio

33、ns,水资源 Water,简介和模拟过程 Introduction and Modeling Process,58,水资源 Water,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施-内部设备 Example Measures - Interior Fixtures,59,水资源 Water,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,水

34、平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施-内部设备 Example Measures - Interior Fixtures,BAU,Good,Better,Best,灌溉需求,普通,优,更优,最优,60,水资源 Water,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施-雨水回用 Example Measures Stormwater reuse,BAU,Good,Better,Best,Stormwater

35、,Reused stormwater,雨水,雨水,回用雨水,普通,优,更优,最优,61,水资源 Water,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 输出实例 Example Outputs,62,生活用水供应 市政污水处理 生活用水用于饮用和灌溉 Domestic Water Supply Municipal Sewage Treatment Domestic water for potable and irrigation suppl

36、y,水资源 Water,基准情景 Baseline Scenario,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,63,市政供水 市政污水处理 高效室内器具 生活用水用于饮用和灌溉 灰水收集和通过湿地处理 处理后的水回用于冲厕 Municipal water supply Municipal sewage treatment More efficient indoor fixtures Domestic water for potable and irrigation supply Grey Wa

37、ter Collection and Treatment in Wetlands Return Treated Water for Toilet Flushing,水资源 Water,结论：下水处理需求降低48% Result: 48% Reduced volume of treated sewage,佳情景 Good,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,64,水资源 Water,佳情景 Good,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Find

38、ings and Recommendations,65,水资源 Water,屋顶雨水收集 Roof top rainfall harvesting 灰水收集Grey water collection 最高效的室内器具Most efficient indoor fixtures 人工处理湿地Treatment wetlands 处理后的水回用冲厕Return treated water for toilet flushing 雨水收集、处理和储存Stormwater collection, treatment and storage 更多用于灌溉More water for irrigation

39、 Result: 73% Reduced volume of treated sewage 结论：下水处理需求降低73% Result: 45% Reduced potable water for irrigation 结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低45%,优良情景 Better Scenario,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,66,水资源 Water,优良情景 Better Scenario,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Find

40、ings and Recommendations,67,水资源 Water,市政供水仅用于室内用水 Municipal water supply for indoor water use only 灰水收集至建筑蓄水池 Grey water harvesting to building cisterns 雨水收集至建筑蓄水池 Rainfall harvesting to building cisterns 蓄水池用于冲厕 Toilet flushing from building cistern 雨水收集至人工湿地 Stormwater to treatment wetlands 基地内部污水

41、处理，并排放至湿地 On-site sewage treatment, discharge to wetlands 净化后的污水用于灌溉 Irrigation from polished sewage effluent Result: No potable water for irrigation 结论：无饮用水用于灌溉 Result: 67% Reduction in potable water 结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低67% Result: No discharge of water from site 结论：项目无对外排水需求,最优情景 Best Scenario,北塘项目的水资源评

42、估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,68,水资源 Water,最优情景 Best Scenario,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,69,水资源 Water,水系统成本 Water Related Capital Costs,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,水系统成本,用户,建筑商,总开发商

43、,优,更优,最优,70,水资源 Water,水系统成本 Water Related Capital Costs,北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,建筑雨水和中水 Building rainwater and grey water,基地内 WWTP On-site WWTP,回用 Recycle,道路雨水 Road rainwater,处理湿地 Treatment wetland,71,水资源 Water,总体水资源管理 Overall Water Management,北塘项目的水资源评

44、估、发现和建议 Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations,设立目标-切实但积极 开发策略 费用效益比-考虑综合效益 为实施确定责任 测量和监测结果 适应性管理 Establish goals realistic, but aggressive Develop strategies Cost/benefit account for synergies Define responsibilities for implementation Measure and monitor results Adaptive management,

45、72,水资源 Water,73,模型改进 Model Enhancement,工作过程和目标 Process and Goals,第三阶段目标 Stage 3 Goals,测试实现不同目的的可持续发展策略，并通过其经济指标评价其可实施性。 制定可持续发展实施导则，支持下一步的基础建设、建筑施工和公共空间开发的落实指导。 Identify master programs to achieve different goals and study cost Create a Master Sustainability Program that can be used to set design st

46、andards for infrastructure, buildings and public realm,74,北塘项目评估、发现和建议 Tanggu SSIM Stage 3 Evaluation, Finding and Recommendations,可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling 总结Summary,* Baseline Reference Cost includes Buildings, Transportation, Water and Public Realm Infrastructure,75,北塘项目评估、发现和建议 Tanggu SSIM Stage 3

47、 Evaluation, Finding and Recommendations,总结 Summary,76,$15 / mo Saved on Car Maintenance 汽车保养节省,$70 / mo Saved on Electric/Gas Bill 电费和燃气费节省,$10 / mo Saved on Water Bill 水费节省,$42 / mo Additional Mortgage 增加的按揭,$10 / mo On HOA Transit / Other Fee 公交和其他费用,$12 / mo On additional Equipment Maintenance 增

48、加的设备维护费用,Joe Citizen 市民,$8 / mo Saved on yard Maintenance 庭院维护节省,$68 / mo Total Net Additional Disposable Income 全部额外的可支配净收入,$30/ mo Saved on Gasoline Bill 汽油账单节省,$132/ mo Total Savings 总节省量,$64/ mo Total additional Costs 全部额外成本,Leading a Smart Water Resource Management in China 水的合理利用创造绿色福利,案例2: 北京

49、雨水管理,北京雨水管理 Beijing Water Management,项目挑战 Project Challenges 可持续雨水管理目前在北京尚未得到广泛应用，该理念需进一步推广 相关政府部门之间缺少协调与合作 即时监控、模型建立等先进技术需立即升级与整合,北京雨水管理 Beijing Water Management,专案目标 Project Goals 将可持续理念融入设计与政府管理系统 开发整合的管理系统以减少洪灾并将雨水回收利用或用于地下水补给 为试点研究区域开发一个可靠的管理系统框架并促进北京雨水最佳管理实践,北京雨水管理 Beijing Water Management,系统效

50、益 System Benefits 计划在全北京推广的雨水最佳管理实践将降低雨水径流的峰值流量、提高水质、促进回收利用 雨水最佳管理实践综合了环境、景观及社会价值，这在当今中国将是一个全新的可持续水资源管理模式,北京雨水管理系统 北京，中国 Flood Decision Support System Beijing, China,Beijing Water Management北京雨水管理,Connecting and Modeling 连接与建模,Proposed real-time monitoring and computer modeling system will significa

51、ntly enhance the capability of stormwater runoff management. 实时监控和计算机模拟系统将显著提升雨水径流管理能力 Coupling of GIS with the state-of-the-art 1-D and 2-D hydrological and hydraulic modeling provides accurate stormwater runoff predictions to help decision makers to have a quick response. 将地理信息系统（GIS）与最先进的1-D 、2-D

52、水文和水力模型连接，准确地预测雨水径流，以帮助决策者快速作出反应。,Integrated management system 整合的管理系统 Communicating jurisdictions 与机关部门建立沟通 Comprehensive system 综合体系,Planning,Design,Project Implementation,Database,Data and Asset Management Tool,District Offices,System Administrator,Existing Management System 现有的管理系统,Water Managem

53、ent Department,District Department,District Department,Sewer System Planning,Urban Planning Department,Urban Planning,Road Construction,Isolated planning process 孤立的规划过程 No connection between departments 各部门间缺少沟通,Proposed Management System 建议的管理系统,Beijing Water Management北京雨水管理,Beijing Water Managem

54、ent 北京雨水管理,System Benefits 系统效益 Stormwater BMPs proposed to be built across Beijing municipality would reduce peak flows of stormwater runoff, improve water quality and promote water reuse. 计划在全北京推广的雨水最佳管理实践将降低雨水径流的峰值流量、提高水质、促进循环用水 Stormwater BMPs integrate environmental, landscape and social value,

55、 which is a new sustainable approach for water management in todays China 雨水最佳管理实践综合了环境、景观及社会价值，这在当今中国将是一个全新的可持续水资源管理模式,Financial analysis process,Reduced financial loss risk of 2.2m US$ annually,Benefit to cost ratio,Financial saving,Existing,Future,Beijing Water Management 北京雨水管理,Financial Benefit

56、s 财务效益 Financial analysis showed that the implementation of the BUSWRMS system would save 2.2 million USD of financial loss per year with a high benefit-to-cost ratio. 财务分析表明，采用BUSWRMS系统将每年减少220万美元的财物损失，实现高成本收益比。 Approximately 100 million cubic meters per year of stormwater runoff could be utilized

57、to supply non-potable water uses. 每年将有约1万立方米的雨水径流可以作非饮用用途 The project also has significant social benefit, such as infrastructure improvement, reduction of loss of life during floods, and poverty reduction. 该项目还具有巨大的社会效益，如改善基础设施，减少洪灾死亡及降低贫困人口。,案例3: 北京滨水地区发展导引,塑造面向未来的珍水城市 Create Smart Watershed devel

58、opment of City Future,蓝网探索,生活漫旅 Life Track 古城巡迹 Ancient Trail 活力地带 Speed Track,87,水环境相关元素 与蓝网相关的元素包括河道内水体（蓝）、两侧绿化带（绿）以及滨水空间（灰）三大方面，三者相辅相成。为了更有效改善水环境，应统筹考虑。,88,滨水地区规划设计导引,该要素体系适用于所有滨水城市建设区，城市滨水地区分为居住生活区、公共中心区、工业生产区、郊野休闲区和自然生态区，不同的功能区与各类具体控制内容有不同程度的相关性（见下页表）,滨水地区的规划建设需要多样、系统、综合的引导策略。本通则在综合研究国内外不同建设导则的

59、基础上针对北京滨水地区提出一套综合的引导要素体系，促使滨水地区在土地功能、城市形态、开放空间、环境质量、交通设施、公共活动方面进行整合与重塑，这是破解当前滨水地区困境、释放其潜在价值与活力、形成城市新活力地区的关键所在。 引导要素体系 对每项要素的引导包括长期的目标，直接的目的，具体的控制内容和相应的定性定量指标，另外在附件中提供了简明图解以对具体的设计策略进行了形象化表达,滨水地区规划设计导引,89, 相关性强 相关性中 - 相关性弱,滨水地区规划设计导引,91,滨水地区规划设计导引,一，综合的水资源管理,城市尺度 超过60%的河流一年四季之中水质基本无变化 水质变化较小的河流一般为沟通性河流 水质变化较大的河流集中在中心城区，表明该地区的河流生态系统较为单一和脆弱 控制和引导 增加水质变化较大的河流生态系统的生物多样性，来达到净化和稳定水质的目的 为防止影响下游的景观水质，必须严格控制沟通性河流段的排污和出入水质，必要时可引入污水处理厂进行处理,0 7.5 15 30 km,无变