针灸推拿学专业英语

1、.diaphragm 膈abdomen 腹sagittal section 矢 状 位coronal section 冠 状 位transverse section横断面 clavicie 锁骨 scapula肩胛骨 radius 桡骨 ulna 尺骨 hip 髋 thigh大腿leg 小腿 jointcavity 关节腔 capsule 关节囊 sensory 感觉 motor 运动neurone 神经元 indications 适应症therapeutic effect疗效 contraindications 禁忌症differentiation 辩证 reinforcing补 reduc

2、ing 泻p10 绪论：包括四个方面：经脉络脉 腧穴 刺灸手法 it includes four aspects, i.e.the meridian and collaterals,acupoints,manipulating methods and clinical treatments.plain question素问 canon of medicine内经 miraculous pivot(lingshu)灵枢classic on medical problems难经 a-b classic of acupuncture and moxibustion针灸甲乙经compendium of

3、 acupuncture and moxibustion针灸大成”for the fullness and oppression due to cold in zang-organs,moxibustion is indicated to be applied.” 脏寒生满病，其治宜灸焫经络定义 the meridians and collaterals are the passagesthrough which qi and blood can be conducted.the meridians and collaterals pertain to the zang-fu organs i

4、nteriorly and extend to the extremities and joints exteriorly,integrating the zang,fu,tissues and organs into an organic whole 经络内属于腑脏， 外络于肢节， 使脏腑筋肉组织成为一个有机整体the twelve regular meridians十二正经 the eight extra meridians奇经八脉the twelve divergent meridians十二经别 the twelve muscle regions十二筋经the twelve cutan

5、eous regions 十二皮部 the fifteen collaterals 十五络脉medial aspects 内侧 lateral aspects 外侧 anterior前 medium中posterior后pertain to 属 zang-organs 脏 communicate 络fu-organs腑the lung meridian 肺经（手太阴） the large intestine meridian大肠经（手阳明）the stomach meridian 胃经（足阳明） the spleen meridian 脾经（足太阴） the heart meridian 心经

6、（手少阴） the small intestine meridian 小肠经（手太阳）the bladder meridian 膀胱经（足太阳） the kidney meridian 肾经（足少阴） the pericardium meridian 心包经（手厥阴） the sanjiao meridian 三焦经（手少阳）the gallbladder meridian胆经（足少阳） the liver meridian肝经（足厥阴）4. the twelve divergent meridiansthe twelve divergent meridians strengthen the

7、connections between the zang and fu organs by the distribution of branching out from the twelve regular meridians.5. the twelve muscle regionsthe twelve muscle regions(or called musculartendons) are the conduits, which distribute the qi of the twelve regular meridians to the muscles,tendons and join

8、ts.6.the twelve cutaneous regionsthe cutaneous regions are within the domains of the twelve regular meridians.since the cutaneous regions are the most superficial part of the body tissues,they render protection to the organism,resist exopathogens and reflect.pathogenic changes.p22specific points (特定

9、穴 )five-shu point, yuan-primary point, luo-connecting point, xi-cleft point, back-shu point, front-mu point, lower he-sea point, eight-influential point, eight-confluent point and crossing point.五输穴定义 five shu points refer the collective name of five specific points namely, jing-well, ying-spring, s

10、hu-stream, jing-river and he-sea, which are located below the elbow or knees (肘膝以下 ) on the twelve regular meridians.难经第 68 章说，the jing-well point is generally indicated in epigastric fullness; the ying-spring point in febrile diseases; the shu-stream point, in heaviness and joint pain, the jing-riv

11、er point, in asthma and coughing with fever; the he-sea point, in qi rebellion(气逆 )with diarrhea（泄泻） .原穴定义 “yuan”means the origin, the primary qi（原气）. yuan-primary point is the site where the yuan-primary qi of zang-fu organs passes and stays.郄穴定义 the xi-cleft point is the site where the qi of the m

12、eridian is deeply converged（深聚） .back-shu points are corresponding points on the back and where the qi of the respective zang-fu organs is infused; front-mu points are those on the chest and abdomen where the qi of the respective zang-fu organs is infused and converged.eight- influential points are

13、the eight points where the vital essence and energy of the zang-organs, fu-organs, qi, blood, tendon, vessel, bone and joint.eight-confluent points refer to the eight points where eight meridians communicate with the twelve regular meridians, distributed on the areas superior and inferior to the wri

14、st joints and ankle joints.p25 lung meridian of hand-taiyin （手太阴肺经，起于中焦，下络大肠。） the lung meridian originates from the middle-jiao, running downward to connectwith the large intestine. winck, it goes along the upper orifice of the stomach, passes upward through the diaphragm, and enters the lung, its

15、pertaining organ. zhongfu（中府穴） (lu1) front-mu pointlocation: on the upper lateral chest, 6 cun from the midline of the chest, level in the first intercostals space（第一肋间隙） .oblique insertion 斜刺subcutaneous insertion平刺perpendicularinsertion 直刺transverse crease of the wrist腕横纹lifting and thrusting meth

16、od 提插rotating method捻转各类针刺手法名称功效。pressing method（循法）itmay encourage the qi coming.flicking method（弹法）it has the function of promoting qi and circulating qi.scraping （刮法）this method is applied for strengthening the needlingsensation or promoting the dispersion of the needling sensation.shaking method

17、（摇法）this method may be applied for strengtheningneedling sensation when the needle is kept straight and shaken or for promoting the dispersion of the needling sensation when horizontal.flying method（飞法）this method is often used to promote, strengthen.and circulate needling sensation.trembling method

18、（颤法） it is for promoting the arrival of qi or strengthening the needling sensation.得气定义 getting qi, known as arrival of qi in ancient time and needling sensation in recent time, means that after the needle is inserted to a certain depth of point, it is manipulated with the needling techniques of lif

19、ting and thrusting or rotating to get the sensation of meridian qi.p31after the arrival of qi, the patient feels soreness（酸） , distension（胀） , heaviness （重） ,and numbness（麻） .the prognosis of a disease 疾病的预后 . favorable prognosis 预后良好 unfavorable prognosis 预后不好quick arrival of qi suggests good effec

20、ts in treatment；slow arrival of qi shows retarded effects in treatment气.速则效速，气迟则效迟p32hypertension 高血压migraine 偏头痛traumatic injury外伤neuroheadache神经性头痛the head is where all the yang meridians of hand and foot as well as du meridian which dominates all the yang of the body meet.头是手足阳经和总管所有阳经是的督脉汇聚的地方ex

21、ogenous headache外感头痛endogenous headache 内伤头痛front headacheis named as yangming headache ; temporal headache as shaoyang headache; occipital headache as jueyin headache.exogenousheadache 外感头痛wind-cold headache:（ p32 症状表现）wind-heat headache:（症状表现）wind-damp headache （:症状表现）endogenous headache内伤头痛headac

22、he by hyperactivity of liver-yang（肝阳上亢头痛） : （p33 症状表现）headache by kidney deficiency（肾虚头痛） : （症状表现）headache by blood deficiency（血虚头痛） : （症状表现）headache by accumulation of phlegm-turbid（痰浊壅滞头痛） : （症状表现）headache by blood stagnation（血瘀头痛） : （症状表现）basic treatmentexogenous headache（外感头痛） : method to dispel

23、 wind, remove obstruction from the channels and collaterals, stop pain（.通经活络，祛风止痛）endogenous headacheexcessive syndrome（实证） : methodto remove obstruction from the channels andcollateralsdeficient syndrome（虚证） : methodto remove obstruction from the channels andcollaterals, nourish the brain marrow.p36bi syndromes are caused by weakness of defensive qi and invasion by pathogenic wind, cold, damp and heat痹.症由卫气虚弱和外感风、寒、湿、热引起。.p36syndr