《基础医学各论3》资料：18 stress

1、Stress and health psychology,liudexiang,Overview,Source of stress Coping with stress How stress affects health Staying healthy Extreme stress,Stress,Stress: A state of psychological tension or strain. Health psychology: A subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological f

2、actors and physical health and illness.,Sources of stress,Stressor: Any environmental demand that creats a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation.,Sources of stress,Change Everyday hassles Self-imposed stress Stress and individual differences,Everyday hassles,Pressure: A feelin

3、g that one must speed up, intensify, or change the direction of ones behavior or live up to a higher standard of performance. Frustration: The feeling that occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal.,Everyday hassles,Conflict: Simultaneous existence of incompatible demands, opportunities

4、, needs, or goals.,Types of conflict,Approach/approach conflict Avoidance/avoidance conflict Approach/avoidance conflict,Approach/approach conflict,Approach/approach conflict : According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative

5、 qualities.,Avoidance/avoidance conflict,Avoidance/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possiblities, neither of which has any positive qualities.,Approach/avoidance conflict,Approach/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of being

6、 simultaneously attracted to and repelled by the same goal.,Coping with stress,Direct coping Defensive coping,Direct coping,Confrontation: Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or to attain the difficult goal.,Direct coping,Compromise: deciding

7、 on a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical. Withdrawal: Avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical.,Defensive coping,Defense mechanisms: Self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress, including denial, repression, projection, identifi

8、cation, regression, intellectualization, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation.,Defense mechanisms,Denial: Refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality. Repression: Excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and desires from consciousness. Projection: Attributing ones repress

9、ed motives, feelings, or wishes to others.,Defense mechanisms,Identification: Taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent. Regression: Reverting to childlike behavior and defenses. Intellectualization: Thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching

10、oneself from them.,Defense mechanisms,Reaction formation: Expression of exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of ones repressed beliefs or feelings. Displacement: Shifting repressed motives and emotions from an orginal object to a substitute object. Sublimation: Redirection repressed

11、motives and feelings into more socially acceptable channels.,Staying healthy,Reduce stress Adopt a healthy lifestyle,Reduce stress,Calm down Reach out Religion and altruism Learn to cope effectively,Adopt a healthy lifestyle,Diet Exercise Quit smoking Avoid high risk behaviors,Extreme stress,Unemployment Divorce and separation Bereavement Catastrophes Combat and other threatening personal attacks,