自考00015英语二重点语法复习笔记_W

1、资料由深圳自考 Q 群 30474747 收集整理 虚拟语气是把作者想陈述的动作当成一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当 作客观现象中真实 。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。该语法现象应用在非真 实条件中，包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综复杂条件句。这里所说的非真实条件句，大家便会联想到 if 这个词，如果我们在句子中看到 if 引导的条件从句是以动词的过去式作为句子的主要谓语的话，我们就应基本设定它为虚拟语气。如果句子中出现了 wish 这个词，我们应该明白要考虚拟了。Wish 如果在句子中表达的是与现在事实相反的结果，如果考系动词，一定要选择 were；如

2、果没有系动词，只是一个简单的动词，那么我们要选择它的过去式；第二，如果wish 表达的是与过去事实相反的结果，那么我们就用 had+过去分词（或 would/could+ have+过去分词）；如果 wish 表示的是将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望， 用 would/should(could, might)+动词原形。看几个例子：I wish she were here.对现在的虚拟，而且出现系动词了，用 were.I wish she had taken my advice.从句意了解到，这个动作应该发生在过去，所以虚拟， 虚拟应该用动词的过去完成式（当然里面可能会出现被动形式 had b

3、een done）.I wish you would go with us tomorrow.表达的是将来没有有把握实现的愿望，用 would+ to的形式。实战一下：A: You have made some mistakes. B:I wish I mistakes every day.A. dont make B. havent c. wouldnt have made D. didnt makeevery day 足以说明对现在的虚拟，应用动词的过去式，选 D。A： What would you wish to do if you were a college student agai

4、n? B: Thats very hard to say, but I wish I A. have not studied psychology B. did study psychologyC. had studied psychology D. studied psychology句子中出现了 were ,说明是对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成式，选 C。I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I there.A. went B. was C. were D. had been句子中出现了动词的过去式 didnt go to, 说明是对过

5、去的虚拟，选择过去完成式，选 D。if only 在虚拟语气中的解题技巧它表示的是“要是就好了”。从这种翻译的语意当中我们可以体会到：说话人是出于一种愿望或遗憾/后悔的心情。这就需要用虚拟的情况，如果它是对现在没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面考点一定要 用动词的过去式，如果表示对过去没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面的考点一定要用动词的过去完成形式（当然也会出现有被动语态的情况，小心！）举例：If only I could speak several foreign languages! 这句话明显是说话人对过去发生事情的一种遗憾心情，证明结果并没有找到，因此我们用动词的过去完成形式。Look at the

6、 terrible situation（局面） I am in ! If only I your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed解析：从句意中我们体会到，这人的做法是没有听他的的意见。应选 B（动词的过去完成式）If only Ithe examination!A. have passedB. pass C. will pass D. passed解析：“我要是考试能及格该多好啊！”属于有些心虚的那种感叹或祝愿。可以体会出是对现在/未来的虚拟，选 D。If only sheof Aunt Rut

7、h!（露丝）A. was not so terribly frightened（害怕） B. would be so not terribly frightenedC. will not be so terribly frightenedD. were not so terribly frightened解析：虚拟语气中 be 的用法仅为were/should be 形式，不可能出现 is/was/has/will/shall 等形式。排除 A 和 C，那么 if only 后面 有两种动词形式可以出现：过去式和过去完成式，选择 D。If only I how to operate a com

8、puter!A. learned B. would learn C. have learned D. had learned解析：排除 B 和C，说话人对自己不能使用计算机表示遗憾，是对过去没能掌握计算机的遗憾，选 D。记牢下面这些动词，它们主要的考点是要考查你知不知道这些词一旦出现，后面要用虚拟的状态。当 然，这些动词会在句子中充当谓语，一般都会以它的过去式出现，后面都接that 从句，从句中必然有一条横线，要求你来选择或填写从句中的虚拟动词状态。我们称之为用在一些动词后面的宾语从句的虚 拟考点，这些词包括suggest（建 议 ）,propose,command,request,desir

9、e,insist,require,decide,order,promise,ask , move,recommend,advise,urge,demand,instruct,direct,provide,etc,这些词汇一旦出现，我们应 立即反应出它要考我虚拟了，后面从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形 do (当然包括被动状态be done,这要根据具体的句意来定，通常可以这样来考虑：如果横线前面是人，横线里一定要填 do/be done;如果横线前面是物，不是人，那肯定填写 be done).They requested that he sing a song。我们必须首先发现 r

10、equested, 看到后马上反应出后面一定是原形动词，只不过可以是主动，可能是被动。She insisted that the seats be booked in advance. 首先发现 insisted.实战：The city council ordered spitting on the streets.A. was prohibited(禁止) B. is prohibited C. be prohibited D. be prohibiting解析：虽然 ordered 后面没有 that ,被动，选 C。The teacher recommended（推荐） that Jac

11、k _D_maths or physics instead of English because he was quick at numbers.A. must study B. could study C. studied D. studyThe doctor urged（催促） that she C an operation as early as possible.A. had B. has C. have D. would haveThe manager of the hotel requested that their guests after 11:00p.m.A. not to

12、play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C. dont play loud music D couldnt loud music解析：选 B，should 既可以省略，也可以添加。He suggested D _to tomorrows exhibition(展览) together.A. us to go B. we went C. we shall go D. we go一般情况下在考虚拟语气的时候，横线前面的那个词多为第三人称 he/she/Jack 人名等。回顾： 1. If only I D there.a. have not been

13、b. would not beenc. will not bed. had not been解析:答案正确.这明显是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成,恭喜恭喜! 2.Tom would buy that bicycle but he c no money.a. hadb. hasc. had hadd. has had解析:这题就考虑歉佳了,首先不能考虑 B 和 D,因为前面有 would,同时它是对过去的虚拟啊,用过去完成.选 C.3. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I C there.a. wasb. werec. had beend. went解析

14、:答案正确.前面出现 didnt,说明是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.恭喜恭喜!4. It is time we B up our results.a. sumb. summedc. will sumd. would sum解析:答案正确.前面出现了熟悉的句型,It is time that,后面一定要用过去式,恭喜恭喜! 5.Dr Bethune( 白求恩) worked hard as if he B .a. never had felt tiredb. had never felt tired c. never felt tiredd . was tired never解析:答案正确.前面出

15、现 worked,后面一定是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.恭喜恭喜!6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I D the book from which it was made.a. have readb. should have readc. am readingd. had read解析:答案正确.从句意分析wish 后是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.况且另三个答案A,B,C 从形式上都不符合虚拟语气的要求!恭喜恭喜!7. It is strange that such a thing C in your school.a. will happenb.

16、happensc. should happen d. happened资料由深圳自考 Q 群 30474747 收集整理 解析:答案正确.前面出现熟悉的形容词 strange,后面一定用(should)+动词原形.恭喜恭喜! 8.If she could sew, B .？ a. she make a dressb. she would have made a shirtc. she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat解析:这题做得有些眼睛发花了吧!你的答案 D 中出现的是would had,这怎么可能呢?怎么可能是 had呢?woul

17、d 后面怎么着也是动词原形吧!你肯定一激动,看见了答案中有过去不可能完成事实的虚拟 would have,正确的答案应该是 B.小心啊!这可是 1 分啊!你已经认识到了事物的本质,可决策做得不够细致!不过,值得鼓励!9. “Did you notice John was not at work today?” “No. If C working, I would have noticed it.”a. Id beb. I wasntc. Id beend. werent解析:这题又眼花了!怎么回事?别经常激动啊!后面出现 would have,前面肯定是 had(been),怎么选A 去了!选

18、 C.10. “Why dont you explain it to her?”“I A it to her if I thought she would understand.”a.would explainb. will explainc. explain d. would have explained解析:这题又晕了!它说的含义是我本来可以向她解释的,这是对过去事实相反的虚拟句子,应该选D.况且后面有 would。 通过这位学友的做题方式和解题思路,我已经看到了大家战胜虚拟语气的信心和曙光,大家对于有些题目的做题技巧很迅速,但并不细致和完整,不过,照此思路坚持下去,你说以后还有必要做虚拟

19、部分的练习吗?速度+耐心细致=80%成功,那 20%呢?运气!用在一些名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，这些词包括：necessary,imperative（命 令）,important,essential（要素、必要的）,advisable（可取的、明智的）,ordered,proposed（推荐）,desired （渴望）,requested,suggested（建议）,recommended（劝告）,demanded（要求、询问）,decided(用于主语从句中，形式为 It isthat),order,instruction,motion（移动）,advice,demand,n

20、ecessity, decision（决定n）,proposal(提出),requirement, idea,recommendation,request,plan,desire 等（用于同位语从句或表语从句），这时谓语动词用动词原形或 should+动词原形。 练习：It is necessary that some immediate effort（努力、成就） (made).解析：前面出现了 necessary that,后面肯定虚拟了，用原形。或者再一看横线前不是人，填原形的被动 be made It is necessary that a university student _B_

21、at least one for foreign language.A. maintains B. maintain C. will maintain D shall maintainIt is recommened that the project B until all the preparations have been made.A. is not started B. not be started C. will not be started D. is not to be started I dont think it advisable that Tom to the job s

22、ince he has no experience.A.is assigned B. will be assigned C, be assigned D. has been assigned（分配） 答案：前面出现 advisable that ,后面原形，被动，选C。“What are the qualifications of a good teacher?”（资格、学历） “It is essential that he A_strict with his students.”A. be B. will be C. can be D. could be所谓同位语从句，简单地说，就是前面出

23、现了一个名词，而后面的从句内容是对前面名词的再解释和体现。当然这些名词也很好记，把那些需要记住的动词和形容词就行了。如：requirerequirement,recommendrecommendation 等。表语从句类推。 He issued the order that the troops（） (withdraw 撤回) at once.解析：前面出现 order that ,后面原形，填写 withdraw.It is my desire that all the members of the family(gather 聚集) once a year.回顾： The local（地方

24、的）health organization is reported _C first president. （总统） A. to be setwenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its解析:学员选的是D.我们来分析一下.地方保健组织据报道 25 年前就成立了.首先你应弄清楚组织成立在前,还是据报道在前?肯定是成立在前吧.只有成立了才能被报道啊!这里一定有完成.排除 A,B.另外,report 后要求用动词不定式样结构,所以选C.Although the lecture（讲座） had already been on for five minu

25、tes，I still was not able to find a chair_C .for to sit on Cfor sitting解析:sit 是不及物动词,你还记得有个词组 sit down 吗?后面应该有个介词给予搭配,因此选C. Lots of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but A .解析:这是一个习惯用语,have nothing but do,通过这个结构,我们可以自然而然地解出答案是 A.It is(high, about)time句型后用虚拟语气，这时

26、谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。例：It is high time that we were off.It is high time that somebody taught you to behave（表现 v） yourself.实战一下，你觉得快不快！ It is time Aabout the traffic problem downtown（市中心的）.A.something was doneB. anything will be done C. everything is done D. nothing to be done解析：前面见到了I

27、t is time that.后面考点一定是动词的过去式，但要注意有的句子里会有被动情况发生，需要小心！选 A。 Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time C?A.we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD.we can go homeIt is high time we Adrug ( )trafficking（非法交易）.A.did away withB. do away withC. did awayD. should do away with 解析：看清楚了吗？只有A

28、 和C 符合条件，在头脑中搜搜词组搭配，选A。Everybody has arrived. Its time we Dthe meeting.A. would startB. had startedC. shall startD. started在 for fear that, in order that, in case,lest 引导的目的状语从句中， 谓语动词一般用 should(could, might)+动词原形。He reminded her twice of it lest she (should) forget.(remind:提醒) I will not make a noi

29、se for fear that I (should, might) disturb you.The students are working hard for fear that they Bin the exam.A. will failB. should failC. failedD. fails解析：见到for fear that，后面原形，选B。注意有时可能出现被动。 Youd better take an umbrella （伞）with you in case it A.A. should rainB. will rainC. have rainedD. can rain The

30、 mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he Ahimself.A.injure（伤害） B.had injuredC.injuredD.would injure Tony doesnt dare（ 敢） to leave the house in case B.A. he will recognizeB.he should be recognized（认出） C.he is recognizedD.he recognizes Sinclair is working hard for fear that he C.A.fell behindB

31、.may fall behindC.should fall behindD.would fall behind1、以 as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式，表示与过去事实相反，用 had+过去分词。表示将来的可能性不大，用 would(might, could)+动词原形(后面这个考试中不经常出现，但不怕一万，就怕万一)。He talks as if he knew all about it.(因为前面有 talks，说明是对现在的虚拟,后面应用过去时)。 I feel as if we had known each oth

32、er for years.(句意很简单，同时有明显的时间状语 for years，说明对过去的虚拟，后面用过去完成时)。 It isnt as if he were poor.(前面出现 isnt，说明对现在的虚拟，后面用过去时，同时注意：系动词 be 在虚拟语气里不可能出现 is/was，只能用 were 或原形 be 动词)。 She speaks English as if she Can Englishman.A. beB. isC. wereD. is being前面动词现在时，后面用过去时，选 C。 Franklin looked as though he Dill for a l

33、ong time.A.wasB. wereC. has beenD. had been前面动词过去时，后面过去完成时，选 D。 Kitty talks as if she Bon the spot.(场所、斑点)A. isB.wereC.has beenD.be Jeff looked as if he Ca ghost.A. sawB.has seenC.had seenD.would seewould rather 后用虚拟语气。我教你一招：你一旦看到了这样的句型：would rather+人/that 从句时(必须要有人或that 从句，否则后面+动词原形/完成形式，形成would ra

34、rher do/would rather have done 句型)，后面考点一定用动词过去时。 Id much rather that you tomorrow than today.A. cameB. will comeC. had comeD. is coming：看见了 would rather+you，后面选动词过去时，选 A。 Id rather you Cmake any comment(注释) on the issue for the time being.A.dontB.wouldntC.didntD.shouldntId rather you B anything abou

35、t it for the time being. A.sayB.didnt sayC.dont sayD.not sayId rather you B about it for the time being.A.dont thinkB.didnt thinkC.would not thinkD.had not thoughtThe manager would rather that his wife Bwork in the same office as he does.A. does notB.did notC.would notD.will not英语二考试的重中之重的考点非真实 if 条

36、件句中的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反句型：If+主语+动词 ed+,主语+would(should ,could, might)+动词原形属于与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句(句中的be 动词，不管主语的人称是单或复数，一律用 were)。记住： 如果这部分句型中有 be，前面不管是单数还是复数 If I knew his address, I would write to him.If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.(对未来的虚拟)If the sea 500 feet, India would become an island.A.

37、is to riseB. has risenC. were risenD. were to rise解析：看到主句中出现了would(是词的过去时)，证明这将是非真实条件句，需要用虚拟语气的形式。同时发现答案中有 be，那么选D。可千万别选C 啊，那样不就成了过去形式的被动语态啦。 right now,she would get there on Sunday.A.Would she leaveB.If she leavesC.Were she to leaveD.If she had left解析：分析如上题一样，看到后面 would，该怎么办？对了，说明对现在的虚拟(right now)，

38、选C。这道题省略了 if，把 Were 提前了。 非真实 if 条件句中的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反句型：If+主语+had+动词 ed, 主语+would(should, could, might)+have+动词2ed 用再糙点儿话：一看到这种复合句，前面有 had(been)done，后面那句话里面一定考 would have(been)done;如果前面出现would have(been)done,后面一定考had(been)done。时刻关注一下是否有被动的含义！If I had known your address, I would have written to you.Had

39、he worked harder, he the exam.A. must have got throughB. could get throughC. would get throughD. would have got through解析：前面出现了 had，中间有逗号，后面一定考什么来着？对了，一定有 would have(been)done，选 D。我又省略了 if，你发现了吗？我把 Had 提前了。 The millions of calculations( 计算)involved（有关联的）, had they been done by hand, all practical（实践

40、的）value（价值） by the time they were finished.A. could loseB. might loseC. would have lostD. ought to have lost解析：横线前面出现了 had been，后面一定考would have(been)done，选 C。又省略 if 啦，我的马甲又脱啦！ If the whole operation beforehand(事先),a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A.was not plannedB.has not been p

41、lannedC.had not been plannedD.were not planned解析：后面出现 would have been，前面该啥来着？恭喜你，选 C。 Had he worked harder,he Bthe exams.A. must have got throughB.would have got throughC.would get through D.could get through for your laziness,you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB.It were

42、 notC.werentD.Had not it been后面解析：出现 could have been，前面一定出现？恭喜你，选A。千万别被D 骗了，只有 have 和 it 形成了倒装，词 not 不动原来的位置(原句正常的句型应该是：If it had not been.)以“未来不太可能发生的事”为条件的虚拟条件句句型：If +主语+should+动词原形, 主语+should(would, could, might)+动词原形这种题考察的频率不高，大家可给予一般性了解。 If it tomorrow, I would not go.A. should rainB. would rai

43、nC. will rainD. is going to rain解析：您可别前后句同时出现 would/should，怎么着也得插开啦啊！选A。 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句型：If +主语+were to+动词原形, 主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形（无论主语人称是什么，一律接 were to）。 If the sun Ain the west, I would follow you.A. were to riseB. was to riseC. had risenD. would rise不定式的完成时用在 intend, mean, plan, s

44、uppose 等动词后，表示原打算做而实际上未能做成的事；“need+have+done”表示有必要做的事。Mr. Brown is supposed for Italy last week.A. to have leftB. to be leavingC. to leaveD. to have been left解析：suppose 本身后面就应该接 to，同时 last week 告诉我们：这件事情本来应该做，但实际上没做成，来吧！选 A。 You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A.

45、neednt have doneB. must not have doneC. shouldnt have doneD. can not have done解析：从句意我们可以看出来，你没有必要去做，因为我们有计算机帮助。选 A。 有些词汇需引起注意，如 but for, otherwise, but that, without,provided that(可用 if 换用)。Planets would die without water on the earth.But for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago. S

46、eize the chance, otherwise you would regret it.He was willing to give the job to me provided that I could assure him I could do it well.实战一下： We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we him.A. had telephonedB. would telephoneC. must have telephoned D.would have telephoned解析：按照其原本的意图，“我们就打电话给他了”

47、，其实这件事并没做成，但在说话者的思想中已经完成了，选D。 But for water, people Dlive on the earth.A. canB. will be able toC. makeD. couldWe didnt know you were ill.Otherwise to see you.A. wed have comeB.wed comeC.we were to comeD.we could come解析：选A，因为前面出现了otherwise，说明说话者的头脑中已经完成了动作，但实际上并没有做到。 The man showed us his ID card.Wit

48、hout that,we stopped him from getting in.A. would haveB.wouldC.hadD. have解析：假设的情况，使用虚拟，选A。 二、非谓语动词/动名词 之所以称之为“非谓语动词”，说明这类成分在句子中并不是做谓语成分。非谓语动词有三种：动名词，动词不定式，分词。动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，其构成是：动词原形+ing，其动词的变化如同现在进行时的动词变化，与现在分词也同形。之所以称之为“动名词”，说明它兼有动词和名词的特征和作用。 动名词做主语 先看个例子：Saying is easier than doing.(say 原本是动词，这里+

49、ing 后变成了名词形式，做主语，同时 than 后面进行同等形式的比较，因此 do+ing)。 Your drinking so much wine is not good for your health.实战一下： “I did it again. I slept until noon.”through the alarm seems to be your biggest problem.A. AsleepB. To sleepC. To be asleepD. Sleeping解析： 后面出现了 seems to 做谓语，说明前面通通地做主语，选 D。 注意：use, useless,g

50、ood, pity（同情、可惜）, time, fun（快乐）, hard, nice, difficult, worth,worthwhile（值得做的）,interesting, better,foolish, crazy（荒唐的）等名词或形容词做表语时，用 it 做形式主语， 把做主语的动名词后置。这种类型的题目在考试中为重点考察内容！，其句型为 It is+上面这些词中任何一个+ing 动名词结构。 Its no good helping him. He doesnt help himself. Its no use waiting here.实战一下： It is no use ;t

51、he company wont do anything about it.A. you complainB. for you to have complainedC. you having complainedD. your complaining解析：我发现了 It is no use 句型，你立刻会想起后面一定是 ing 形式。选吧！只有C，D 有 ing。同时注意： 动名词前如果出现代词的话，一定要用物主代词形式去做动名词的逻辑主语。OK，选D。 He thought that .A. the effort doing the job was not worthB. the effort

52、 was not worth in doing the jobC. it was not worth the effort doing the jobD. it was not worth the effort by doing the job解析：大概齐一扫答案的秩序立刻就会发现有 it is worth 句型，想起后面一定是 ing 形式，选 C。A 在宾语从句中的词序混乱，B 在宾语从句中做主语的含义不对，D 整个句型混乱 There is no+动名词为常见结构，相当于 It is impossible to do sth.There is no getting along with

53、him.实战一下： Our chance of ever the truth is very slight.A. knowingB. knowC. having knownD. to know解析：of 后面需要名词形式，选 A。 There is no use over split（分开） milk.A. of being cryingB. to cryC. cryingD. if it will cry解析：固定句型，选 C。 It is no use .A. to buy books and not to read them B.buying books and not to read

54、themC. buying books and not reading them D. to buy books and not reading them 解析：固定句型，选 C。同时注意 and 形成了并列结构，前后的形式应一致。There is no still in this life; one must either advance or fall behind.A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. having stood解析：一看就知道是固定句型，选B。 非谓语动词之动词不定式 动词不定式做宾语为考试重点内容，那位说了“有窍门吗？”我回答：YES！

55、我们要求大家的试题中发现有关动词不定式做宾语的特征，只有这样才能准确快捷地找出答案。这些特征就是要要大家把列动词记牢： agree,afford（提供,allow,arrange（安排）,fail（失败）,forget,guarantee（保证）,promise,prove（证 明）,refuse,ask,attempt（企图）,bother（打扰，麻烦）,care,choose（挑选）,claim（索要）,consent（允许）decide,demand,determine（判决）,happen,hesitate（犹豫）,intend,tend,learn,long,manage（经营）,n

56、eglect（疏忽）,offer（提供）,plan,prepare（准备）,pretend（假装）, resolve（决定）,seek 寻找）,seem,threaten 威胁,trouble,try,undertake（从事）,volunteer（自愿者）,want,warn(劝告)。 大家看到这么多词要记忆，肯定会!没办法，还是那句话，只要你记牢这些词，在试题中发现后马上就应该获得正确答案。当然，我在这里仅列出了其中的多半部分，还有一些词大家可以去翻阅英语一记教材中有关动词不定式做宾语的词汇特征部分。 实战一下： Im not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade;I intend . A.letting the matter to restB. to let rest the matter C. to let the matter restD. the matter to be let resting我来解释：前面说那么多有用吗？我都不看！关键在后面，你看到了什么：intend！刚才我让你记忆的那些词里面有啊！头脑中立刻闪现出用动词不定式