190927_182428-阅读06课堂笔记1_W

1、【微信公众号：小研学长】让考研简单不孤独阅读06课堂笔记2019年9月24日11:24【微信公众号：小研学长】让考研简单不孤独分区 新分区 3 的第 5 页（英语二） 2011 Text 1 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outsi

2、de directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to .24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .NOTE：【词汇短语】 【方法技巧】 【题干关键】 【句间关系&段间关系】 【关键词、句】 【唐叔叨叨】 逻辑提示词（时间、转折、情感色彩）笔记tips25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is .Apermissive Bpositive Cscornful

3、 Dcritical【原文对应】第一段Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire

4、for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .按照纯粹

5、全文翻译的角度，很可能做错.A gaining excessive profits获取大额财富：无中生有。 B failing to fulfill her duty C refusing to make compromises 没有谈到履行承诺的问题。Dleaving the board in tough times离开董事会是之后的事情，是结果。 【词汇短语】board n.董事会be under fire=criticize 处于枪林弹雨之下；受到批评compensate v.补偿第二段Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,

6、 yet less（负） biased（负）（负负得正 ）, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice b

7、ased on having weathered their own crises.【词汇短语】presumable adj.可能的 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .Agenerous investors 慷慨的投资人。Bunbiased executives 没有偏见的 Cshare price forecasters 无 中 生 有Dindependent advisers 23. According to the researchers from Ohio Universit

8、y, after an outside directors surprise departure, thefirm is likely to .A become more stableB report increased earnings原文“restate earnings increased”词语的顺序发生了变化，意思也变化。原文increased的主语是probabilityC do less well in the stock market 在股票市场表现得不好。Dperform worse in lawsuits在打官司时表现得很差。（比较级慎选） 第三段The researcher

9、s from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likelyreason for departing a board was age, so the researchers con

10、centrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increas

11、es, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship（离职）. Often they “trade up,”

12、leaving riskier, smaller firmsfor larger and more stable firms.【词汇短语】restate v.重申lawsuit n.末段But the researches believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows that they were on t

13、he board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may（情态动词表示作者态度） have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.24. infer 推理专题中讲解25. The authors attitude

14、toward the role of outside directors is .第二句第三句是研究的过程，略读。A permissive纵容的 B positive C scornful Dcritical（英语二） 2012 Text 3 31. It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like .32. Those who are against gene patents believe that .33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eage

15、r to win patents for .34. By saying “Each meeting was packed” (Para. 6), the author means that .35. Generally speaking, the authors attitude toward gene patenting is .A criticalB supportive C scornfulD objective【原文对应】第一段In 2010, a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies

16、hadwon patents for isolated DNA for decades by 2005 some 20% of human genes werepatented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)，a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary s

17、tep” in a longer battle.31. It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like .A genes to be patentable B the BIO to issue a warningC their executives to be activeD judges to rule out gene patenting与A相反 【对应】（英语一） 2010 text2 Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been

18、granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale

19、 back on business-methodpatents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the FederalCircuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Stree

20、t Bankcase, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fundassets.第二段On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer.

21、The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.第三段But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine，the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three mainarguments against g

22、ene patents： a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to ge

23、netic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNAmolecule “is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds”.第四段Despite the appeals courts decision，big questions remain unanswered. For exa

24、mple， it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court. （终审）第五段As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact.Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human

25、DNA molecules most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots”, explains Hans Sauer, a

26、 lawyer for the BIO.末段Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was pa

27、cked.35. Generally speaking, the authors attitude toward gene patenting is .A critical批评的 B supportive支持的 C scornful蔑视的、鄙视的（小墓碑） D objective 客观的 【词汇短语】relieved v.松了一口气 Tips:这篇文章既有支持的，又有反对的。支持的是公司、协会等。两方哪方胜利未提及，所以是公平客观的态度。作者对两方的描述，都没有使用感 彩明显的形容词或副词，所以是objective。回顾2001年 text4专题：猜词题 考研英语大纲：根据上下文推测生词的词义

28、。（logic） 标志：By saying “” (Para. Line ), the author means that .1、上下文（本句内）逻辑关系，提炼出不断重复的内容（被不断重复的同义词、近义词、but之后的反义词） 2、排除表面意思外 3、全文中心主旨 （英语二） 2011 Text2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? =A year ago the end seemed near. = The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that ha

29、d not already fled to the internet. =Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.=Americas Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. =Should they become charitable corporations? =Should the state subsidize them?= It will hold ano

30、ther meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.【词汇短语】chronicling v.记录；记载1、 各句的逻辑“ = ” 2、各句的主语（对象）相同 newspaper 26. By saying “Newspapers like their own doom”(Para. 1)，the author indicates that newspapers .原文：报纸的就要来到。 Aneglected the sign of crisis忽略了。相反 Bfailed to get state subsidies不能够拿到的

31、补贴。相反 Cwere not charitable corporations他们不是一个非营利机构。相反 Dwere in a desperate situation （英语二） 2012 Text 4 No one（词） tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. =Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways : they had b

32、ecome less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary en

33、d to an era of reckless personal spending.36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Para.2) the author suggest that the jobless try to .Tips:词+比较级=最高级Aseek subsidies from the governmentBmake profits from the troubled economy make profits 获利，benefits利润就是对的。 Cexplore reasons for the unemploymentDlook on t

34、he bright side of the recession 原文：能够从中获益。 【对应】2003 Text 3 Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at