专四语法 定语从句.ppt

1、形容词性从句-定语从句,用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。 非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。,e.g. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much. Ive got some personal affairs that I have to deal with.,只用非限制性定语从句：,1 He was late again, which

2、 made his teacher very angry. 当关系代词指代整个句子时 2 当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物时 3 当先行词是人名、地名、建筑物等专有名词时,定语从句常用关系词,关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as, than, but等（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分） 关系副词：where(on which), when(in which), why(for which)（在句中作状语） 关联词：that（引导表示方式、时间的定语从句）,e.g. In this earthquake, the number of people who lo

3、st homes reached as many as 250,000. I have many good friends to whom I am going to send postcards.,Youre the only person whose advice he might listen to. The river which runs through the center of the city brings us a lot of pleasure. He has given us as much advice as he can. Potato can be grown in

4、 places where it is too cold to grow rice. I dont like the way (that) you treat us.,定语从句引导词的选择,取决于先行词（被修饰词）在定语从句中的位置、成分。 e.g. The people whomwhothat you met in the campus are from Australia.（作宾语） This was the time whenat which she left for Beijing. The place which he often visits is always full of a

5、rtists.,使用要点,1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。 e.g. The classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly equipped.,2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。 e.g. This is the girl with whom he works.,3. 关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。 e.g. I have come to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.,4. 只用that，不用which的情况： 当先行词有序数词或形容词

6、最高级修饰时； 当先行词前有the only, the very, the last等词修饰时； 当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, 等不定代词修饰时； 当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时； It is 句型中的引导定语从句时； 先行词既有人又有物时； The passengers and parcels that filled the car were mixed. g. 先行词是the way（可省略）时；,h. 先行词有物又在句中做表语时； Our sch

7、ool is no longer the school that is used to be. i. There be句型中 There is a room in the building that is still free. j. 当先行词前面有who，which，what等特殊代词时 Who is the lady that is waiting at the gate of the school?,5. 只用个which，不用that的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句时； 引导词前有介词时； 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一用which引导； e.g. He bough

8、t a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time. d. 当先行词本身为that时 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 6. 当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；,as 从句的先行词是the same, such, 或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。 e.g. Many of the sports are the same as they were when they

9、 started. The result was not such as he expected. It was raining hard, which(as) was unexpected. than Mary has a keener interest in piano music than has ever been shown. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public mind today. A exist B exists C ex

10、isting D to exist,9 but that/ which/ whonot There is no one but is concerned about his future. There is nothing but she can do.,10. 介词+关系代词要根据 谓语动词的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected. 先行词 e.g. Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party. c. 句子表达的意思 e.g. The

11、boss in whose department Mr King worked got sacked. d. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词代词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系 e.g. The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries. e. 介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前，有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上。 e.g. We did it in the same way in which he didwhich he did in.,11. That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词

12、用 e.g. This is the house in which Louis XIII lived. This is the house that Louis XIII lived. This is the house where Louis XIII lived. This is house which Louis XIII lived in. This is the house Louis XIII lived in.,12 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which； 同样是修饰一个时间，有

13、时使用when， 有时使用that/which 主要看： 从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。 请比较以下句子： This is the park that we visited last year.(从句意思不完整需要加宾语) This is the park where we held a birthday party.（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词） Thats the date that she wont forget for ever. Thats the date when we went to the college. I like

14、 the time that we had together. I like the time when we lived together.,13 As和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别： As只指代整个主句，而which既可指代整个主句又可指代主句中的一部分 The night has turned cold, as is usual around here. 2引导从句时表示“正如”，没有具体的内容，which引导从句时表示具体的内容 Air, as is well-known, contains some kinds of gas. 3 As引导的从句位置很灵活，可在主句前面、中间和后面，而which从句只能放在主句之后。,14 定语从句和同位语从句的区别： 定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对先行词加以限制或修饰；同位语从句相当于名词的作用，对名词性成分加以补充说明，是其具体内容的体现。 定语从句的关系词要代替先行词在从句中做适当的句子成分，有时可省略，同位语从句的引导词不在从句中充当句子成分，但不可省略。 定语从句不能用whether，how等连词引导，同位语从句可以。,eg. The fac