句子种类ppt课件

1、英语句子的种类,1,练习：将上四个例句变成否定陈述句。,句子的分类 （按用途划分）： 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,（一）陈述句：用来陈述一件事情，说明一个事实，表述说话 人的看法、和态度的句子。常用结构：主语+谓语+其它。 句末通常是句号。 Eg. 1. Tom can speak good English. 汤姆英语说的很好。 2. He is a student. 他是一个学生。3. I like football. 我喜欢足球。 4. Tom gets up early every day. 汤姆每天都起得很早。,1. Tom can not speak good English.,

2、2. He is not a student.,3. I dont like football.,4. Tom doesnt get up early every day.,2,1. 及物动词：后必须跟宾语 Eg. They study English. She eats an apple every day. We raise the flag every Monday.我们每周一升旗。,2. 不及物动词：后需加介词才能跟宾语 The flag rises. 旗升起来了。 Please stand up. /Please come here. They listen to English e

3、very morning. 他们每天早上都听英语。,连系动词后跟表语。,助动词无特殊意义，帮助构成否定句、疑问句、正在进行时态、完成时态或被动语态等,常见助动词有be, do, have We dont like the film. 我们不喜欢这部电影。 （用于否定句） Tom is doing his homework. 汤姆正在做作业。 （用于正在进行时态） He has finished his work. 他已经完成了工作。 （用于完成时态）,情态动词后须跟动词原形。情态动词有will, can, may, must,need等 You may go now. 你可以走了。 I wil

4、l be there on time. 我会准时到那儿的。,常见连系动词有：be, become/turn(变得)，look(看起来)，,smell(闻起来), sound（听起来），feel（摸起来），taste（尝起来）等,Eg. She is beautiful./She is a student. His face turn red. 他的脸变红了。 Your coat looks nice. 你的外套看起来很漂亮。 The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美。,be动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加not.,行为动词和除be动词 以外的系动词，

5、变否 定形式要在其前加dont 或doesnt。,可单独使用,必须与行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语,3,行为动词 1. They study English. 2. She eats an apple every day. 3. The flag rises. 4. They listen to English every morning. 系动词 5. She is beautiful. 6. Your coat looks nice. 7. The music sounds beautiful. 助动词 8. Tom is doing his homework. 9. He has fini

6、shed his work. 情态动词 10. You may go now. 11. I will be there on time.,将下列句子变成否定句。,提示： 1. 行为动词和除be动词 以外的系动词，变否 定形式要在其前加dont 或doesnt。 2. be动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加not.,(studydont study),(eatsdoesnt eat),(risesdoesnt rise),(listen todont listen to),(isisnt),(looksdoesnt look),(soundsdoesnt sound),(is doin

7、gis not doing),(has finishedhas not finished),(may gomay not go),(will bewill not be),4,注：1）半否定句 I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句与全否定句 I dont like both the films. I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 3)否定转移 I dont think it will be very cold today. (believe, expect, suppose),5,2、疑问句,（1）疑问句的主要交际功能是提

8、出问题，询问情况。 分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。,(2)、疑问句 的分类,6,1）一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。 Have you anything to say? Did someone phone me last night? 否定疑问句 Cant you understand it? Isnt it a beautiful lake? -Havent you been to the UK? -No, I havent.,7,行为动词 1. They study English. 2. She eats an apple every

9、 day. 3. The flag rises. 4. They listen to English every morning. 系动词 5. She is beautiful. 6. Your coat looks nice. 7. The music sounds beautiful. 助动词 8. Tom is doing his homework. 9. He has finished his work. 情态动词 10. You may go now. 11. I will be there on time.,将下列句子变成一般疑问句,提示： 1. 行为动词和除be动词 以外的系动

10、词，变一般疑问句直接在句首加do或does或did。 2. be动词、助动词和情态动词变一般疑问句，直接将这些词提前。.,Do they study English?,Does she eat an apple every day?,Does the flag rise?,Do they listen to English every morning?,Is she beautiful?,Does your coat look nice?,Does the music sound beautiful?,Is Tom doing his homework?,Has he finished his

11、 work?,May you go now?,Will you be there on time?,8,2）特殊疑问句,1.特殊疑问句的定义; 以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 常用的疑问词有： what who whom whose which when where how why等。,9,2.特殊疑问句有两种语序 （1）陈述语序 Who was the first man in space? （2）倒装语序 Whom are you talking about?,注：A、简略式 Why not go alone? Why get so angry? How/What

12、 about taking a rest? B、复杂特殊疑问句 What do you think he has done?,10,练习：对下列句子划线部分提问。,提示：陈述句变特殊疑问句方法： 1. 对主语进行提问，直接用相应疑问词代替主语，其它都照写。 2. 对非主语部分进行提问，用相应疑问词代词该部分，并将其放在句首，然后将剩下的部分变成一般疑问句。,Who goes to see his grandparents on Sundays?,Who(m) does Tom go to see on Sundays?,When does Tom go to see his grandpare

13、nts?,11,3）选择疑问句,选择疑问句（alternative questions） 一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。 其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调，如： Will you go there by bus or by train？ What would you like，coffee or tea？,12,(1)以一般疑问句为基础 Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman? Shall I help you or can you manage? (2)以特殊疑问句为基础

14、Which do you prefer, red wine or white? How shall we go there? By bus or by train? (3) or not构成的选择疑问句Do you want to buy it or not？,13,4)： 反意疑问句,A、含义： 在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。 如： 1. He is clever, isnt he? 2. We speak Chinese, dont we?,14,B、结构：,结构一： 前肯，+ 后否 eg. He is clever, isnt he

15、?,结构二： 前否，+ 后肯 eg. He isnt clever, is he?,15,结构一： 前肯，+ 后否 Be 动词： 1. You are an actor, _ _ ? 2. He is a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It was fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. You were studying when I called you last night, _ _ ? 5. She is going to visit me, _ _? 6. I am Chinese, _ _?,arent you,isnt he,wasnt it,werent yo

16、u,isnt she,arent I,16,行为动词： 1. It often rains here, _ _ ? 2. He likes soccer, _ _ ? 3. You have a headache, _ _ ? 4. I called you yesterday, _ _? 其它动词： 1. You will go to America, _ _ ? 2. We have ever been to Shanghai, _ _ ?,doesnt it,doesnt he,dont you,didnt I,wont you,havent we,17,C、特殊用法(一） 1. His

17、 mother is a doctor, _ _ ? 2. The dogs are fighting, _ _? There is a boy in our classroom, _ _ ? 4. There were many cars in the street, _ _ ? 5. There will be robots in our families, _ _ ?,isnt she,arent they,isnt there,werent there,wont there,18,三、特殊用法(二） 6. Sit down please, _ ? 7. Please call me,

18、_? 8. Lets go home, _ ? 9. Let us go home, _ ? 10. Let me see, _ ?,will / wont you,shall / shant we,will / wont you,will / wont you,will / wont you,19,结构二： 前否，+ 后肯 1. You arent an actor, _ _ ? 2. He isnt a good boy, _ _ ? 3. It wasnt fine yesterday, _ _ ? 4. It doesnt rain here, _ _ ? 5. His sister

19、doesnt have a headache, _ _ ? 6. You didnt call me yesterday, _ _?,are you,is he,does it,does she,was it,did you,20,7. You wont go to U.S.A., _ _? 8. There isnt a boy in our classroom, _ _ ? 9. There werent many cars in the street, _ _ ? 10. Dont smoke, _ _ ? 11. Dont lets do it, _ _ ？,will you,is t

20、here,were there,will you,shall we,21,（三）祈使句：用来表示命令或请求，说话的对象是第二人称you, 但常常被省略 。常用动词原形开头。否定祈使句在句首加dont,Eg. Sit down, please! 请坐下！ Give me a piece of paper! 给我一张纸！ Dont waste your time! 不要浪费你的时间! Lets go! 我们走吧！,补充考点： 祈使句的反义疑问句 1. 肯定祈使句，反义疑问部分用will you或wont you Give me a piece of paper, will you? (或wont

21、you?) 2. 否定祈使句，反义疑问部分只用will you? Dont waste your time, will you?,22,（四）感叹句：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感的句子。感叹句一般由what或how开头，What修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词、动词。句末加感叹号“！”,What interesting films ! How foolish she is! How clearly you speak!,23,1.以what开头的感叹句,1.“What + a(an) + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！” 如： What a clever boy (he i

22、s)! What a pity! 2.“What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）！”如： What beautiful flowers (they are)! 3.“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）！”如： What fresh milk (it is)! What fun!,24,2.以how开头的感叹句,1.“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”如：How beautiful the girl is! 2.“How + 形容词 + a(an) + 单数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语） +！”如：How good an example he set for us! 3.“How