美国经济(英文版).ppt

1、Chapter 3,American Economy,American Economy,Contents: 1. Industrial Revolution 2. General Survey 3. Industries 4. Agriculture,American EconomyIndustrial Revolution,Adam Smith Alexander Hamilton Early American industries Second development A Third development A fourth development New era for the Unit

2、ed States,American EconomyIndustrial Revolution,“The Wealth of Nations” Adam Smith,American EconomyGeneral Survey,1. The structure of the economy 2. The position in the world 3. Inflation and Deficit,American EconomyGeneral Survey,Structure of the economy 1. Privately-owned business 2. State-owned b

3、usiness 3. non-profit organizations,American EconomyGeneral Survey,structure of the employees 1. self-employed (75%) 2. government workers (21%) 3. employees of nonprofit organizations (4%),American EconomyGeneral Survey,Position of the American Economy 1. “superpower” in world affairs 2. dominant p

4、osition of the dollar “Bretton Woods System” 布雷顿森林体系/布莱登国际货币制度,American EconomyGeneral Survey,Bretton Woods System 1. most major currencies are pegged to the US dollar 2. the dominant position of the dollar was formally established in the Bretton Wood system which was held in 1945 at Bretton Woods i

5、n New Hampshire and attended by 45 countries. 3. The conference also set up the IMF (International Monetary Fund), the World Bank, and GATT( the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), later known as WTO, it is a world trading system.,American EconomyGeneral Survey,Inflation Inflation is a general

6、rise in the prices of goods ad services, the real or purchasing power value of money is reduced. E.g. Three dollars are necessary today to buy what two dollars bought yesterday.,American EconomyGeneral Survey,Deficit American economy is deficit financing. 1. $23 billion during WW 2. $13 billion more

7、 during the 1930s 3. $200 billion more during WW 4. By 1998 the gross federal debt has reached $ 2 trillion 5. interest on the federal debt is over $ 150 billion a year.,American EconomyIndustries,1. Sectors of American Industries 2. Distribution of industries 3. Major Industrial Cities 4. Factors o

8、f the Development of Industries,American EconomyIndustries -Sectors,1. Manufacturing 2. High Technology 3. Heavy Industry 4. Aviation 5. Car Industry,American EconomyIndustries -Sectors,Manufacturing The US manufacturing industry is the largest in the world, almost 3 times the size of Japan. 1. one

9、quarter of GNP 2. one quarter of the national income 3. over 1/5 of the US work force,American EconomyIndustries -Sectors,High Technology 1. one of the world leaders in the high technology, in the areas of telecommunication, electronics, computer chip research and manufacturing and software developm

10、ent. 2. US is the world major producer of high-speed computers. Apple Computer Corporation and International Business Machines (IBM),American EconomyIndustries -Sectors,Heavy Industry Heavy industry around the Great Lakes depends heavily upon 3 resources. 1. iron ore from the Lake Superior 2. coal s

11、upply from the Allegheny hills of western Pennsylvania 3. coal supply from west Virginia cheap water transportation provided by the Great Lakes and rivers. They constitute the base for the development of industry in the region.,American EconomyIndustries -Sectors,Aviation 1. US has the largest aviat

12、ion industry in the world. 2. Major aircraft companies: Boeing, McDonald Douglas 3. Space shuttles still lead the worlds space navigations.,American EconomyIndustries -Sectors,Car Industry 1. “Big Three” motor vehicle companies “ Ford” “General Motors ( GM) ” and “ Chrysler” 2. large, spacious and h

13、igh-powered 3. the influx of Japanese cars and spare parts is the main cause of Americas $60 billion trade deficit with Japan.,American EconomyIndustries -Distribution,Distribution of Industries 1. Northeastern America , the most important industrial region. New England and Great Lakes 2. The South

14、was traditionally an agricultural region because of its favorable climate for crops. The South developed its oil-refining and Petro-chemical industry. Meanwhile the textile industry and heavy industry also developed.,American EconomyIndustries -Cities,New York Pittsburgh Chicago Detroit Dallas and H

15、ouston Seattle San Francisco and Los Angeles,American EconomyIndustries -Cities,New York 1. the largest city 2. the largest seaport,American EconomyIndustries -Cities,Pittsburgh 1. another important industrial city in Pennsylvania 2. it stands by the Ohio River which finally joins the Mississippi Ri

16、ver. 3. it has developed a big steel-making industry, and is now the largest producer of iron and steel in the U.S.,American EconomyIndustries -Cities,Chicago 1. border on lake Michigan and the third largest city in US. 2. most important industrial and commercial city in the Middle West. 3. largest

17、food-processing center 4. famous for its clothing industry.,American EconomyIndustries -Cities,Detroit 1. the worlds car capital It is the home of Ford, General Motors and Chrysler. 2. Detroit is also a seaport,American EconomyIndustries -Cities,Dallas and Houston 1. Both cities are situated in Texa

18、s 2. Dallas has become famous for its large oil industry. 3. Houston is also famous for its large oil industry and is famous for its important role in space navigation and oil industry. 4. The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is situated in Houston.,American EconomyIndustries

19、-Cities,Seattle 1. one of Americas important seaport to handle trade with eastern countries. 2. a major center of the aircraft industry.,American EconomyIndustries -Sectors,1. Sparsely populated 2. The fourth largest area and population 3. Endless streams of immigrants 4. Two World Wars 5. The US fo

20、reign trade policy,American EconomyAgriculture,Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Distribution 3. Mechanization and Corporations 4. Agricultural Problems and government policies,American EconomyAgriculture,Introduction One of the most important industries of the U.S. Thomas Jeffersons words: “Cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizensand they are tied to their country and wedded to its interest by the most lasting bonds.”,American EconomyAgriculture,Distribution 1. 20% of the land area of t