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1、The presentation about six institutionsInternational InstitutionOutcome 1 Name： Student ID：Total words: Date: 21 December 2011ContentsIntroduction - 3Part 1 Introduce Institution Section 1 World Trade Organization (WTO) - 3Section 2 International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 4Section 3 World Bank (WB) - 5S

2、ection 4 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) - 5Section 5 United National Conference on Trade and Development （UNCTAD） - 6Section 6 Group of Eight (G8) - 7Part 2 The impact of current changes in the world economic on individual businesses operation in China. - 8Summary - 8R

3、eference - 9IntroductionThis report aims to explain the date of information and the reasons for information of 6 institutions(WB、OECD、UNCTAD、WTO、G8、IMF). And it shows the role and contribution of each institution. In order to giving readers a full-scale introduction. And it provides the important ef

4、fect at the end of this report. Part 1 Introduce InstitutionSection 1 World Trade Organization (WTO) Section 1.1 The date of information and the reasons for informationIn January1, 1948 the GATT comes into force. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement,

5、 replacing the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). The reason why this organization is intends to supervise and liberalize international trade.Section 1.2 The original role of the WTO and how that role has changed The first real GATT trade rounds concentrated on further reducing tariffs.

6、The Kennedy Round in the mid-sixties brought about a GATT anti-dumping Agreement and a section on development. The Tokyo Round during the seventies was the first major attempt to tackle trade barriers that do not take the form of tariffs, and to improve the system, adopting a series of agreements on

7、 non-tariff barriers, which in some cases interpreted existing GATT rules, and in others broke entirely new groundSection 1.3 Contribution of WTO to the worldThe aim of WTO is to establish a multilateral trading system which is intact, more energetic and permanency. It has many functions, such as fu

8、nction in management, Function in organization, building trade capacity and so on.As for building trade capacity, WTO agreements contain special provision for developing countries, and aid for Trade aims to help developing countries develop the skills and infrastructure needed to expand their trade.

9、 For example, they plan to do a lot of activities, it not only helps developing countries participate more fully but also helps them to making the most progress in alleviating poverty and raising living standards. The hope to make economic grow and poverty reduce.Section 2 International Monetary Fun

10、d (IMF) Section 2.1 The date of information and the reasons for informationIt established in 27 December 1945, and was conceived at a UN conference convened in Bretton Woods, USA in July 1944. The reason is that they want to help promote the health of the world economy and to build a framework for e

11、conomic cooperation that would avoid a repetition of the disastrous economic policies that had contributed to the Great depression of the 1930s.Section 2.2 The original role of the IMF and how that role has changedThe IMF played a central role in helping the countries of the former Soviet bloc trans

12、ition from central planning to market-driven economies. This kind of economic transformation had never before been attempted, and sometimes the process was less than smooth. For most of the 1990s, these countries worked closely with the IMF, benefiting from its policy advice, technical assistance, a

13、nd financial support. In 1997, a wave of financial crises swept over East Asia. From this experience, the IMF drew several lessons that would alter its responses to future events. During the 1990s, the IMF worked closely with the World Bank to alleviate the debt burdens of poor countries.Section 2.3

14、 Contribution of IMF to the worldFormulating the rule of the exchange rate policy，current account and currency exchange between the member states and supervising. when payments difficult happens in member states , it is necessary to provide emergency fund accommodation and avoid affecting other coun

15、tries , to provide meeting places of relevant international monetary cooperation and consultation for member states. It can promote cooperation between finance and currency, promote international economic integration and maintain the international exchange rate order. For example the seminar has bee

16、n convoked in Washington DC on September 21, 2011. It is organizing a seminar on Commodity Price Volatility and Inclusive Growth in Low-Income Countries to facilitate an important discussion of the socio-economic challenges posed by commodity price volatility, and of policies for growth that can ben

17、efit all citizens in LICs.Section 3 World Bank (WB) WBSection 3.1 The date of information and the reasons for informationIt established on 27 December 1945 and it was stating operate on June 1946.Since inception in 1944, the World Bank has expanded from a single institution to a closely associated g

18、roup of five development institutions. The reason is they want to lend money to Western European governments to help them rebuild their countries after the war II.Section 3.2 The original role of the WB and how that role has changedTo fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting result

19、s and to help people help themselves and their environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity and forging partnerships in the public and private sectorsThe original purpose of the World Bank was to lend money to Western European governments to help them rebuild their countr

20、ies after the war. In later years, the World Bank shifted its attention towards development loans to third world countries.Section 3.3 Contribution of WB to the worldThe World Bank is provides money and technology for developing countries in order to help them keep away from privation. For example,

21、in 2008, the World Bank launched the Strategic Framework for Development and Climate Change to help stimulate and coordinate public and private sector activity to combat climate change. World Bank Green Bonds are an opportunity to invest in climate solutions through a high quality credit fixed incom

22、e product.Following the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan, the World Bank (IDA/IBRD) committed about US$1 billion to recovery and reconstruction efforts. Achievements include the provision of timely shelter support to 550,000 people and the reconstruction of more than 400,000 earthquake-resistant houses.S

23、ection 4 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Section 4.1 The date of information and the reasons for informationIt established in 1947 and was officially born on 30 September 1961. The reasons for it is wants to dismantle any barriers to trade between each other and co-oper

24、ate in formulating their requirements. The importance one is to run he US-financed Marshall Plan for reconstruction of a continent ravaged by war II.Section 4.2 The original role of the OECD and how that role has changed The role of it is to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employ

25、ment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy and to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as nonmember countries in the process of economic development and to contrib

26、ute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, nondiscriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations.Section 4.3 Contribution of OECD to the worldIt improves countries in economic, obtain employment and living stander and helps government foster prosperity and fight poverty th

27、rough economic growth and financial stability. The mission of the OECD is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world. For example, the information has published by their collection and analysis. It helps many developing countries.Section 5 Uni

28、ted National Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) UNCTADSection 5.1 The date of information and the reasons for informationIt established in 1964, and the reason that is to response the developing country (Least Developed Country, LDC) anxiety at their worsening position in world trade.Secti

29、on 5.2 The original role of the UNCTAD and how that role has changedIn1960 it is an intergovernmental forum for North-South dialogue and negotiations on issues of interest to developing countries. Then it can promote South-South cooperation and broaden the scope of its activities to assist developin

30、g countries in their efforts to integrate into the world trading system in the 1980s. From the 1990s until today it analyses research on the linkages between trade, investment, technology and enterprise development.Section 5.3 Contribution of UNCTAD to the worldUNCTADs goal is to helping developing

31、countries enhance their comprehensive national power, and catch the opportunities of trade and invest with high limit. Then help them how to face the challenges from globalization and blend in fair international economics. Science UNCTAD established, it shows the important functions, like promoting

32、the development of the economic and Trade development and so on. For example, UNCTAD has presided over the negotiations reached a number of major international conventions and agreements. This report is written by the condition of annual survey results about global transnational corporation, investm

33、ent promotion agencies and international investment experts in Geneva in 6 September 2010. And analyze about how to improving investment environment and so on.Section 6 Group of Eight (G8) Section 6.1 The date of information and the reasons for informationIn 1975, the president of France had a meeti

34、ng with the leader of US, Japan, and UK together in Paris. In the beginning, its a small meeting in order to discuss the economic has been affected by oil crisis. The they reached an agreement that they invited Canada join in and wanted have a meeting each year. After then in 1998 Russia took part i

35、n this group. Finally the G8 has been established in 1998.It established in 1975, the reason is to discuss the economic issues and the global recession after 1973 oil crisis.Section 6.2 The original role of the G8 and how that role has changed Its an annual meeting organized on behalf of a system of

36、 rotating presidency.At the beginning there are only 8 countries attend meeting. But, since 1996 the g8 members strengthen with other countries, national group or organization, especially in the South-South countries. Since 2003, in many times there has informal meeting in the summit will be held be

37、tween the g8 and the developing countries leaders.Section 6.3 Contribution of G8 to the worldG8 has the great function of harmonization and promotion, especially in area of economics. Area of social is in the next place. Apart from this, in order to have a regular operating the tacit understanding o

38、f G8 is a necessary condition between many institutions. For example, the meeting has started in Italy in 20 July 2001. The key point they discussed is the slow economics and privation. Many countries are expected to benefit from it.Part 2 The impact of current changes in the world economic on indiv

39、idual businesses operation in China.Economic globalization is an important trend of the world economic development. China has become one of the most potential country in the world, the peoples life in general to reach the well-to-do level. The GDP of China reached $8900.4 billion in 2000, but it only has $1000 per person. Today it has 3 big changes in the world. First, financial crisis fundamentally changed the pattern of the world, Emerging economy began to become the do