吴明：联合国翻译：高翻学院翻译实例讲评(一).ppt

1、高翻学院翻译实例讲评（一）,A. 理解错误 B.误译或不确切 C.语句不通顺 D. 对翻译的要求 E.参考译文全文,Original Text,The prolonged drought has had devastating impacts on the socio-economic system, the human population and the ecology and environment in Africa. It has led to serious food scarcity-which has further exacerbated an already unfavou

2、rable food situation, malnutrition, disease, famine, loss of human lives, sharp depletion of animal stocks, increased poverty-particularly among the disadvantaged groups; imbalance in and desiccation of water resources; increased migrationparticularly rural-urban migration; human suffering and hards

3、hip; and generally to the dislocation of the normal life situation and the fragile economies of many African countries. Furthermore, drought has aggravated the economic crisis in many African countries by intensifying the unemployment problem, depleting government revenues and the scarce foreign exc

4、hange earnings and stymying the rates of growth of the major productive sectors and of the economy as a whole. The abnormally dry years have also put extreme pressure on vegetation; it is estimated that the usable extent of the pastoral areas in the arid and semi-arid regions in Africa has been redu

5、ced by 25 per cent since the onset of the 1968 drought. In many African countries in which livestock wealth is of crucial importance to the national economy and the welfare of the population, livestock herds have been badly depleted as a result of the shortage of pasture and water, poor grazing cond

6、itions and animal diseases. The tragic consequences of the drought have been further aggravated by an increased disruption in the balance between the human/livestock population on the one hand and physical resources on the other, brought about by increasing human and livestock population pressures o

7、n the shrinking physical resources and by harmful human responses to the climatic variability and drought Furthermore, the impacts of drought are made devastatingly worse when it is considered that the majority of the countries that are more severely affected by the drought are among Africas least d

8、eveloped countries which are not equipped to deal with their perennial and mounting economic problem, let alone with the added vagaries of such a calamity. Traditionally, the African populations have tried to avert the impacts of drought by various methods such as selling or loaning of cattle, seeki

9、ng alternative employment, food sharing and by migration, particularly from rural to urban areas. On the other hand, harmful responses to drought have exacerbated its impacts. Practices such as overgrazing, digging deep bore holes, growing of high water use crops in drought-prone areas and deforesta

10、tion for fuel wood have further upset the balance between human/animal resources and physical resources and accelerated the desertification process. Positive traditional responses to drought need to be strengthened in order to cushion its negative impacts, while harmful practices should be averted a

11、nd vigorously discouraged.,理解错误1. 举例 1,It has led to serious food scarcity-which has further exacerbated an already unfavourable food situation, malnutrition, disease, famine, loss of human lives, sharp depletion of animal stocks, increased poverty-particularly among the disadvantaged groups; imbala

12、nce in and desiccation of water resources; increased migrationparticularly rural-urban migration; human suffering and hardship; and generally to the dislocation of the normal life situation and the fragile economies of many African countries.,1.1. 讲评译文,它造成严重的食物短缺这进一步加重了本来就不容乐观的食物形势，造成营养不良、疾病、饥荒、人类死亡

13、、动物饲料减少和更加严重的贫困问题-这些问题在弱势群体中表现的更为严重； 在非洲，尤其在弱势群体中，业已存在种种不良状况，如食品匮乏、营养不良、疾病肆虐、饥荒、死亡、牲畜数量剧减、贫困人口增多等等，而长期干旱导致了严重的食物短缺，使局势更为恶化。,1.2. 参考译文,它导致了严重的粮食匮乏，特别是弱势群体的粮食匮乏，从而进一步恶化本已困难的粮食局势、营养不良、疾病、饥荒、死亡、牲畜锐减、贫困加剧；它还造成水资源的不平衡及枯竭；迫使更多人迁徙（尤其是从农村迁往城市）；给人们带来苦难；而且普遍导致许多非洲国家的正常生活及其本已脆弱的经济的失调。,2. 举例 2,The tragic consequ

14、ences of the drought have been further aggravated by an increased disruption in the balance between the human/livestock population on the one hand and physical resources on the other, brought about by increasing human and livestock population pressures on the shrinking physical resources and by harm

15、ful human responses to the climatic variability and drought.,2.1.讲评译文,一方面，人口和牲畜数量的不平衡，另一方面，由于人口和牲畜数量增长以及人类对气候变化的干旱采取有害反应而对自然资源带来的巨大压力，干旱所造成的恶劣后果还在进一步恶化 一方面，人口和牲畜数量在不断增加，而物质资源却在不断减少；另一方面，人类应对气候变化的干旱时采取的行为不当，也加深了这一不平衡 主要是人口和牲畜数量增加，而可用资源不断减少之间的矛盾，以及人类对气候变化的干旱所做出的反应。 由于人口和牲畜对物理资源的依赖增加，人类对气候变化和干旱的错误方式，使人

16、畜比例以及物理资源严重失衡，从而进一步恶化了干旱所带来的不良后果。 干旱的悲剧性后果已被进一步扩大。一方面，是由于人类/牲畜数量的平衡正遭受越来越大的破坏，另一方面，物质资源也逐渐遭到破坏。,2.2. 参考译文,旱灾造成了可悲的后果，由于在人口数/牲畜头数及自然资源之间的平衡更形失调而进一步加剧，这种平衡失调不仅是由于人口及畜群对日益减少的自然资源的压力增大，也是由于人们对气候的变化莫测以及干旱作出的有害反应所造成的。,3. 举例 3,Furthermore, drought has aggravated the economic crisis in many African countrie

17、s by intensifying the unemployment problem, depleting government revenues and the scarce foreign exchange earnings and stymying the rates of growth of the major productive sectors and of the economy as a whole.,3.1.讲评译文,旱灾会加剧许多非洲国家面临的经济危机，加剧就业难的问题，消耗政府收入和本来就不多的外汇收入，妨碍经济结构中主要生产力的发展，阻碍经济的整体发展。,3.2. 参考

18、译文,更有甚者，旱灾加剧了失业问题，使政府收入及有限的外汇收入耗竭，并使主要生产部门及整个经济的增长速度受到抑制，从而使许多非洲国家陷入更深刻的经济危机。,4. 举例 4,The prolonged drought has had devastating impacts on the socio-economic system, the human population and the ecology and environment in Africa. It has led to serious food secarcity; imbalance in and desiccation of

19、water resources; and generally to the dislocation of the normal life situation and the fragile economies of many African countries.,4.1.讲评译文,此次旷日持久的旱灾对于非洲的社会经济体系、人口及生态与环境已造成灾难性的影响。它导致了严重的粮食匮乏它还造成水资源的不平衡及枯竭；以及正常生活环境的破坏和很多非洲国家经济的衰退。,4.2. 参考译文,此次旷日持久的旱灾对于非洲的社会经济体系、人口及生态与环境已造成灾难性的影响。它导致了严重的粮食匮乏；它还造成水资源的

20、不平衡及枯竭；而且普遍导致许多非洲国家的正常生活及其本已脆弱的经济的失调。,5. 举例 5,Furthermore, the impacts of drought are made devastatingly worse when it is considered that the majority of the countries that are more severely affected by the drought are among Africas least developed countries which are not equipped to deal with their

21、 perennial and mounting economic problem, let alone with the added vagaries of such a calamity.,5.1.讲评译文,此外，这场旱灾的严重性还在于大部分严重受害国都是非洲最落后的国家，它们并不足以应对持久而日益严峻的经济问题，何况加上旱灾的侵袭。,5.2. 参考译文,此外受干旱影响较重的国家多数都属于非洲最不发达国家之列，而它们没有能力应付长年的、日趋严重的经济问题，更不用说应付此种灾害所带来的不可预测的种种问题了；如将这一情况考虑在内，则旱灾的后果就更加严重了。,6. 举例 6,Practices s

22、uch as overgrazing, digging deep bore holes, growing of high water use crops in drought-prone areas and deforestation for fuel wood have further upset the balance between human/animal resources and physical resources and accelerated the desertification process.,6.1.讲评译文,比如，过度放牧、钻地挖井、为获取燃料砍伐树木造成森林数量锐

23、减等等，这更进一步加剧了人口数量和牲畜数量之间的不平衡，给资源带来了压力，加剧了沙漠化进程。,6.2. 参考译文,如过度放牧，开挖深井、在易旱地区栽培耗水量高的作物、以及伐林取薪等做法都进一步破坏人/畜资源与自然资源之间的平衡，加速荒漠化的进程。,B. 误译或不确切,1. sharp depletion of animal stocks 家畜损耗/牲畜死亡/动物饲料减少/动物灭绝 准确译文：牲畜锐减 2. imbalance in and desiccation of water resources 水资源匮乏且分布不均 准确译文：水资源的不平衡及枯竭 3. growing of high w

24、ater use crops in drought-prone areas种植水生作物 准确译文：栽培耗水量高的作物 4. Traditionally, the African populations have tried to avert the impacts of drought by various methods传统上来说 准确译文：非洲人民向来有用种种方法力图缓解旱灾的影响的传统,B. 误译或不确切,5. selling or loaning of cattle牲畜出售和贷款/贷款买牛/贩卖牲畜 准确译文 :出售或出赁牛群 6. physical resources 物理资源/可用

25、资源 准确译文：自然资源/实际资源（physical presence, 实际存在） 7. least developed country最落后的国家/欠发达国家和地区 准确译文：最不发达国家（most developed/under-developed/developing country）,B. 误译或不确切,8. deforestation for fuel wood砍伐森林/树木的砍伐 准确译文：伐林取薪 9. the majority of the countries that are more severely affected by the drought are among A

26、fricas least developed countries遭受干旱影响最严重的大多数国家/受干旱影响最大的国家/受干旱影响更为严重的国家 准确译文：受干旱影响较重的国家多数都属于非洲最不发达国家之列,B. 误译或不确切,10. since the onset of the 1968 drought自1968年的旱灾以来 准确译文：从1968年的旱灾开始以来 11. pastoral areas可耕地面积 （arable land) 准确译文：畜牧地的可利用面积 /畜牧地面积 12. depleting government revenues and the scarce foreign

27、exchange earnings降低了政府收入，减少了外汇收入 准确译文：使政府收入及有限的外汇收入耗竭,B. 误译或不确切,13. digging deep bore holes钻孔/挖深种植坑 准确译文：开挖深井 14. while harmful practices should be averted and vigorously discouraged有害的操作应予以打击并规避 准确译文：对于各种有害的做法则应予避免并加以坚决制止 15. selling or loaning of cattle出售或租赁奶牛 准确译文:出售或出赁牛群 16. seeking alternative

28、employment寻找弹性工作/寻找工作 准确译文：寻找别的工作 17. livestock herds牲畜产量 准确译文：畜群,B. 误译或不确切,18. livestock wealth 牲畜的产量 准确译文：牲畜财富 19. desertification沙漠化 准确译文：荒漠化 20. vegetation种植业 准确译文：植被 21. loss of human lives人类死亡 准确译文：死人 22. The prolonged drought has had devastating impacts on the socio-economic system由来已久的干旱问题 准确译文：此次旷日持久的旱灾对于非洲的社会经济体系,B. 误译或不确切,23. let alone with the added vagaries of such a calamity更不用说这一灾难所带来的其他风波 准确译文：更不用说应付此种灾害所带来的不可预测的种种问题了,C. 语句不通顺,它造成严重的食物短缺这进一步加重了本来就不容乐观的食物形势，造成营养不良、疾病、饥荒、人类死亡、动物饲料减少和更加严重的