语言学补充习题

1、Language and Linguistics1.The important distinction in linguistics proposed by Chomsky is .A.Synchronic and diachronicB.Langue and paroleC.Signifier and signifiedD.Competence and performance2.According to Saussure, refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech commun

2、ity.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.language3. The term linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over the various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative4.Language is in th

3、e sense that there is no intrinsic connection between a word and the object it refers to.A.systematicB.symbolicC.arbitraryD.ambiguous5.What function are most imperative sentences associated with?A.InformativeB.InterrogativeC.PhaticD.Directive6. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree

4、 centigrade.” is A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative6.Everyday we send messages that have never been sent and understand novelmessages; in this sense, our language is .A.productiveB.interchangeableC.genetically transmittedD.rule-governed7.Language can refer to contexts removed

5、from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by .A.cultural transmissionB.displacementC.dualityD.productivity8.By duality we mean that language has two sets of structures, one of and the other of .A.surface structure, deep structureB.phonemes, morphemesC.sounds, meaningsD.produ

6、ction, reception9.According to Chomsky, is the ideal users internalized knowledge of his language.A.competenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue10. General linguistics is the scientific study of .A.language of a certain individualB.the German languageC.human languages in generalD.the system of a particul

7、ar languagePhonetics and Phonology11. The study of how sounds are put together are used to convey meaning in communication is .A.morphologyB.general linguisticsC.phonologyD.phonetics12. A(n) is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features

8、.A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme13. /m, n / are .A. fricativesB. dentalsC. glidesD. nasals14. /w, j / belong to .A. fricativesB. dentalsC. glidesD. nasals15. Which of the following vowel is the rounded one?A. /i:/B. /u:/C. /i/D. /a:/16. The vowel /u:/ in /fu:d/(food) is a vowel.A. backB. frontC.

9、unroundedD. centralMORPHOLOGY17. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.A.WordB.MorphemeC.AllomorphD.Root18. are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes to form a word.A.Free morphemesB.Bound morphemesC.Bo

10、und wordsD.Words19. modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original wordA.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes20. “-s” in the word books is .A.a derivative affixB.a stemC.an inflectional affixD.a rootNote: root（词根）/ affix（词缀）, 都属于 bound morpheme (粘着词素)1. ro

11、ot( 词 根 ): a part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it bears a clear, definite meaning; it must be combined with another root or an affix to form a word.(一个不能再分，再分就会失去其本义的基本形式)词根词素可以分为自由词根词素（free root morpheme, e.g. rain rainy raincoat粘着词根词素(bound root morpheme)e.g. geo(the earth) + o

12、logy (a branch of learning) geology, psychology, physiologytele (distant, far) + vision television, telegraph transmit, permit, submit maintain, contain, detain2. Affix 词缀1) inflectional（曲折）: 语法关系的标志 grammatical relations(number, tense, degree, case) -s, -er, 不改变词性2)derivational(派生):在词干上加上一个词缀得到一个新词

13、，与词性和意义有关3. stem 词干The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added.It refers to the left morpheme or combination of morphemes when one affix is removed for one time.e.g. care less ness21. Which of the following words is a derivational one?A.BlackboardB.TeachesC.ConsiderationD.Books22. W

14、hich of the following words is created through the process of acronym?A.adB.editC.AIDSD.Bobo23. The word “lab” is formed through .A.back formationB.blendingC.clippingD.derivation24. Which of the following is NOT a compound word ?A. LandladyB. GreenhouseC. UpliftD. Unacceptable20. Nouns, verbs and ad

15、jectives can be classified as .A.lexical wordsB.grammatical wordsC.function wordsD.form words21. Open class of words can consist of the following categories EXCEPT A. nounsB. verbsC. adjectivesD. articles22. Which one of the following most possibly belongs to the closed class?A. FlowerB. Treacherous

16、.C. WeD. Whack23. Inflectional morphemes manifest the following meanings EXCEPT A. toneB. tenseC. numberD. case24. Which of the following contains at least an inflectional morpheme?A. PossibilityB. DecisionC. HersD. Enable25. are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. Roots

17、B. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds26. The word “irresistible” is A. a compound oneB. a clipped oneC. a blended oneD. a derived one27. Which of the following affix differs from others?A. lyB. nessC. ingD. ful28. The word “Kung-fu” is .A. a clipped oneB. a blended oneC. a compound on eD. a borrowed oneSem

18、antics25. A word with several meanings is called word.A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple26. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are .A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms27. The relationship between fruit and apple is .A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.

19、synonymy28. “Alive” and “dead” areA.relationalB.gradableC.symmetricD.complementary29. “Big” and “small” are a pair ofA.complementaryB.gradableC.completeD.converseantonyms.opposites.6. The word “luggage” and “baggage” areA. emotive synonymsB. dialectal synonymsC. collocational synonymsD. stylistic7.

20、The relation between “begin” and “commence” is A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. collocational synonymsD. semantically different synonyms8. “Fall ” and “autumn” are synonymsA. dialectalB. stylisticC. collocationalD. emotive9. is NOT a pair of homophones.A. rain and reignB. flea and fleeC.

21、 lead li:d and lead ledD. compliment and complement10. In the semantic triangle, “referent” refers to A. conceptB. the real worldC. the thoughtD. meaning11. “Wise” and “cunning” are a pair of synonyms.A. dialectalB. stylisticC. collocationalD. emotive12. “Wide” and “broad” are a pair of synonymsA. d

22、ialectalB. stylisticC. collocationalD. emotive13. Which of the followings can be the same form shared by two homonyms?A. BallB. CanC. BarkD. North14. “See” and “sea” are A. homophonesB. homographsC. complete homonymsD. polysenmic words15. What is the sense relation between “learn” and “teach”?A. Rel

23、ational antonymsB. Complementary antonymsC. Gradable anonymsD. Absolute antonyms16. What is the sense relation between “pass” and “fail”?A. Relational antonymsB. Complementary antonymsC. Gradable anonymsD. Absolute antonyms17. : X: They are going to have another baby. Y: They have a child.The relati

24、onship of X and Y is A. synonymousB. inconsistentC. X entailing YD : X presupposing Y18. “Tommys hen laid an egg yesterday.” presupposes A. Tommy had a henB. Tommy had a big henC. An egg was laid by Tommys henD. The egg is not a stone.19. “He has been to Tokyo” entails “ ”.A. He has been to JapanB.

25、Tokyo is the capital of Japan.C. He has never been to Japan.D. He is not a Japanese.Pragmatics1.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called .A.commissivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives2. is defined as the stud

26、y of language in use and linguistic communication.A.PragmaticsB.SociolinguisticsC.NeurolinguisticsD.Contextual linguistics3.“We can do things with words”- this is the main idea of .A.the Speech Act TheoryB.the Co-operative PrincipleC.the Polite PrinciplesD.pragmatics4. refer to the utterance of a se

27、ntence with determinate sense and reference.A.Locutionary actB.Illocutionary actC.Perlocutionary actD.Speech act5.The branch of linguistics that studies meaning of language in context is called .A.semanticsB.sociolinguisticsC.pragmaticsD.psycholinguistics6.Which of the following is NOT the specific

28、instance of directives?A. InvitingB. AdvisingC. WarningD. Swearing7. acts expresses the intention of the speaker.A. LocutionaryB. IllocutionaryC. PerlocutionaryD. Speech8. “I didnt steal that ring” is a .A. directiveB. expressiveC. commissiveD. representatives9. “Im so sad about your wrong doings” i

29、s a A. declarationB. expressivesC. representativesD. commissives10. “Hands up!” is a .A. directiveB. representativeC. commissiveD. declaration11. “Ill be with you!” is a .A. directiveB. commissiveC. expressiveD. representativeSociolinguistics1.In areas which are populated by people speaking different languages, one language is often used by common agreement; such a language