商务英语翻译课件.ppt

1、商务英语翻译 之 词汇翻译,词义的选择 词义的引申 词类转换法 视角转化法 增 减 法 重 复 法 数字翻译,商务英语翻译 之 句法翻译,否定句式 比较句式 被动句式 定语从句,商务英语翻译 之 文体与语篇,商号与名片 商务广告 商务合同翻译 商务信函,倒计时 放射性尘埃 家政 东方 食物 液体,countdown fallout economy orientation meat liquor,词义的选择（Choice of Meanings） 随着语言的发展，词义也在变化当中：,扩展为: 十分危急的情况,扩展为:（不良的）后果,转化为: 经济,转化为: 方向,缩小为: 肉类,缩小为: 烈酒,

2、（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义,（二）根据词性确定词义,（三）根据专业来确定词义,（四）根据词的搭配关系和上下文 来确定词义,词义的选择,a low figure,3. The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.,4. The value of the pound has fallen to a new low against the dollar.,生意成功最简单的途径就是贱买贵卖。,小数目,英镑兑换美元的比值已跌到新的（最）低点。,（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义,2. workers on l

3、ow incomes,低收入工人,We sell cheap quality goods. We have made you an offer at a very competitive price. You will find our prices for these goods very popular.,我们销售物美价廉商品。,我方已按很低的价格向贵方报盘。,贵方将会看出我方此批货物的价格是很便宜的。,（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义,Please make us your lowest quotation for bikes. If you feel interested in our

4、 business proposal, please send us the samples together with your best terms and conditions. As we have quoted you our rock-bottom price, we cant give you any more discount.,（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义,请报自行车最低价。,如对我方业务建议有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。,我方已报最低价，折扣不能再多给了。,（二）根据词性确定词义,1. He gets a 10% commission on everything he

5、 sells.,2. Party B is commissioned by the manufacturers to buy steel plates.,他每卖一件商品得百分之十的佣金。,乙方受制造厂家的委托购买钢板。,1. Those who come early to the sale get first choice.,2. Our products are manufactured from the choice grades of material and will satisfy you in every respect.,我方产品均用上等材料制成，因此，在各方面都会使贵方满意。,

6、这次大贱卖，早到的顾客可优先选购。,（三）根据专业来确定词义,2. Bank interest rates are going to rise this month.,1. The premium rates vary with differed interests insured.,3. His business interests are very extensive.,保险费率因保险标的的不同而有所差异。,银行利率在本月要上调。,他在多家企业中拥有股份。,Due diligence should be done before finalizing any large investment

7、 or acquisition.,Due diligence 按字面的意思就是“应有的勤奋”，而在企业融资领域里，是指律师、会计师等专业人员以专业身份和知识审核有关资料是否准备齐全的一个过程，业内通常译为“尽职调查”或“审慎调查”。,在确定大笔投资或收购前需要进行尽职调查。,on an arms length basis （法律用语）并非按一般英汉字典上的解释“同对方保持一定距离”，而是引申作“正常、公平的交易”。,交易条款按照公平原则商订。,The terms of the transaction have been negotiated on an arms length basis.,（

8、三）根据专业来确定词义,The company has raised its joint venture equity to 70% to gain management control, which has tripled its initial investment and is now expanding its product range and manufacturing capacity to meet growing demands.,equity 通常指“公正，公平”的意思，而在金融市场上指的是企业资产中所占的股份。 initial investment是商贸中常用的术语，通常

9、译为“先期投资”或“预付款”，而不是“一开始的投资”。,公司将其在合资企业的股份增至70%，以获得管理控制权，这使其先期投资增加了两倍，而且现在正在扩大产品范围和生产能力来满足不断增长的需求。,（三）根据专业来确定词义,以一个常见的词为例：account,1. Accounts payable is created when a firm deals with suppliers who extend credit.,2. The company is one of our major accounts, so we should do our best to satisfy their ne

10、eds.,公司与供货商交易时因其提供赊销而产生应付账款。,那家公司是我们的主要客户之一，因此我们得尽可能满足他们的需求。,（四）根据词的搭配关系和上下文来确定词义,可指“账户、客户、生意往来关系”，复数则可指“账目、会计部门、账款”等，它在不同搭配或上下文中可有不同的含义：,3. The CFO was accused of falsifying the company accounts.,4. She works in accounts.,5. The newly established company opened an account in HSBC.,财务总监被控伪造公司账目。,她在会

11、计部门工作。,这个新成立的公司在汇丰银行开立了账户。,（一）词义的转化,（二）词义的具体化,（三）词义的抽象化,词义的引申（extension）,词义的引申在一个词原始意义的基础上，根据上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引申，选择适当确切的译语词汇来表达，避免生搬硬套地逐字死译。,1. Every life has its roses and thorns. 2. sleep deficit,每个人的生活都有苦有甜。,睡眠不足,（一）词义的转化,翻译时，如果完全生搬硬套词典给出的字面意义，对号入座，会使译文生硬晦涩，含糊不清，甚至不知所云。因此，有时应根据上下文和原词的字面意义，做适当的转化。,（一）

12、词义的转化,1. These days, the U.S. economy isnt “graduating enough scientists to fill the need of the coming decades,” says Charles C. Leighton, “Thats a real concern.”,2. The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do not stop here.,近来，美国在经济发展过程中“未培养出足够的科学家来满足今后几十年发展的需要，”查尔斯C莱顿说，“这才是真正

13、需要关注的问题。” （graduate 由“毕业”转化为“培养” 。）,可能影响投资开支的因素并不止这些。 （do not stop here由“不停留在这里”转化为“并不止这些”。 ）,3. Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years service.,Cloud在现代英语里可以表示“使人产生未曾想到的伤心或不愉快”。故本句如此引申。,20世纪70年代石油价格猛涨，给许多发展中国家的经济发展计划投下一抹阴影。,我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以使用二十年。,4. The

14、 huge increase in oil prices in the 1970s cast a cloud over the development plans of many developing nations.,（二）词义的具体化,词义的具体化把原义抽象笼统的词语，根据译语的表达习惯，引申为意义明确具体的词语。,1. Now that the merger of “dot and com” has created so many young millionaires, theres a new topic: venture capital.,2. All the wit and lea

15、rning in the economic circle will be present at the seminar.,既然网络公司的兼并造就了如此多的年轻百万富翁，我们面临一个新话题：风险资本。 （一般公司网址都有“dot and com”，所以此处具体引申为“网络公司” 。）,经济界的所有专家学者将出席这次研讨会。 （wit and learning 由抽象的“智慧与学识”引申为具体的“专家学者”。）,（二）词义的具体化,3. There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems, more

16、 than transient everydayness.,他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。 （ everydayness“平淡无奇”，此处具体引申为“柴米油盐” 。）,4. The Board tried its best to improve the balance sheet of the company.,董事会已尽最大努力改善本公司的整体财务状况。 （ balance sheet由抽象名词“资产负债表” 具体引申为“整体财务状况” 。）,（三）词义的抽象化,词义的抽象化将表示具体形象的词作概括性的引申，译成意义抽象的词。现代英语常用表示具体形

17、象的词指代一种属性，一种概念或一个事物，翻译时宜作抽象化处理，使译文更加自然流畅。,1. The interest rates have seesawed between 10 and 15 per cent.,2. Everyone knows that John lost his shirt when the business he had invested failed.,利率一直在 10到15之间不断波动。 （see-saw 由“跷跷板一上一下的交替摆动”抽象化为“波动”。）,大家都知道，约翰生意失败后就倾家荡产了。 (lose his shirt 由“丢了一件衬衫”引申为“失去一切。

18、）,（三）词义的抽象化,3. CEO Finklestein: He needs to pull a rabbit out of his hat to save the company.,首席执行官芬克尔斯坦说：他需要回天之术来挽救公司。 （pull a rabbit out of his hat 原义为“从自己的帽子里抓出一只兔子来”，在此引申为“像耍魔术一样拿出一种不同凡响的解决办法”。）,4. The owners son has the inside track for the job.,5. The EECs Common Agricultural Policy is a dinos

19、aur which is adding 13.50 a week to the food bill of the average British family.,老板的儿子有优先获得这项工作的权利。 （inside track 由“内圈跑道”抽象化为“优先的权利”。）,欧洲经济共同体的共同农业政策早已不合时宜，因为它要使英国家庭平均每周在食品开销上多支出13.50英镑。 （dinosaur 由“恐龙”抽象化为“要被废弃的的落后的庞然大物”。）,词类转换法（conversion）,词类转换指的是词性和表现方法的改变。 英语中不少词类，如名词、动名词、介词、形容词、副词等在英译汉时往往需要进行一定

20、的调整，转译成汉语动词。当然，英语的名词化和汉语的动词化并不排除在英译汉时把英语动词转化成汉语的名词。,3. A government report targets earnings from industry at US $ 200 billion by 2008.,2. The cost of making goods can be drastically lowered by means of mass-production.,政府的一份报告提出一个目标：到2008年，要使工业收入达到 2000 亿美元。（英语动词转换成汉语名词）,通过批量生产可以大幅度降低生产产品的成本。（英语介词转化

21、成汉语动词）,1. I have the honor to inform you that the new products of yours have entered the international markets.,我荣幸地告诉你，贵公司的新产品已经打入了国际市场。 （英语名词转换成汉语副词）,4. Advertising affects tremendously every sphere of modern life.,5. The fair price connected with the superiority of varieties of our products will

22、be able to guarantee our competitive edge in the international market.,广告对现代生活的方方面面产生极大的影响。（英语副词转换成汉语形容词）,我方产品种类繁多，品质优良，价格合理，能够确保在国际市场的竞争优势。（英语名词转换成汉语形容词）,2. crisis law,3. Students are still arriving.,视角转化法,1. riot police,防暴警察,反危机法,学生还没有到齐。,5. Inflation is Target of Banks New Policy （China Daily 标题）

23、,4. Dont stop running.,继续跑。,反通货膨胀是银行新政的目标。,6. arms conference,裁军会议,7. bench warmer,“冷板凳”队员（替补队员）,视角转化法（Shift of Perspectives）,视角转换在不涉及特殊文化背景因素的情况下，用译语意义替代原语意义，重组原语信息的表层形式，转换表达角度，使译文更符合汉语习惯，更易于被读者接受，更有利于译文预期功能的实现。,视角转换技巧除了包括肯定句与否定句之间的相互转换，还包括其他与原文不同或相反的表达角度。,1. With the winter coming, many fashion st

24、ores start to sell warm clothes.,2. Party A shall have a right of first refusal whenever party B wishes to sell any of its shares in the Group.,冬天即将来临，许多商店开始销售寒衣了。 （此处 warm clothes 不译为“暖和的衣服”，经视角转换后译为“御寒的衣服，寒衣”。）,乙方任何时候有意出售其持有之本集团任何股份，甲方一律拥有优先购买权。 （如果把 right of first refusal 刻译成“优先拒绝权”，则有失准确，必须经过视角转

25、换把它译成“优先购买权”才符合行业规范。）,3. We offer to take ten percent off if your order is big enough.,4. The supermarket designated quite a few pick-up points in some comparatively densely populated communities in suburban areas.,如果贵方订单足够大，我方可提供9折优惠。 （ take ten percent off 本义为“把价格扣除百分之十”，利用视角转换法可翻译成“打九折”。）,该超市在郊区人

26、口相对密集的社区设立了好多个上车地点。 （pick-up points 原义为“接（顾客）的地点”，现在经过视角转换则变为“上车地点” 。）,5. The seller determines to sell it at one price.,6. In his 1776 work The Wealth of Nations, Scottish economist Adam Smith proposed that specialization in production leads to increased output.,商家决定该产品不二价销售。 （ at one price 为“只以一种价

27、格”，这样的表达表示不出商家不愿同顾客讨价还价的决心，而用“不二价”则意义明确。）,苏格兰经济学家亚当斯密在其1776年所著的国富论中认为，专业化生产会引起产出增加。 （这里，把“增加的产出”转变为“产出增加”。）,7. But the A shares, off limits to foreign investors, were still among the best performers.,但仅对国内投资者发行的A股股票，仍表现上佳。 （off limits to意为“禁止进入”，直译显得语气生硬，而将“禁止外国投资者进入”转换视角，译为“仅对国内投资者发行”则很委婉。）,1. They

28、ll have to be prepared to wait longer for earnings from this investment.,这项投资不会在短时间内赢利，他们得做好准备。,2. Urban clearway.,市区通道，不准停车。,3. Keep upright.,切勿倒置。,4. The bill was defeated, but during the next 25 years more than 100 food and drug bills were introduced in Congress.,虽然议案未获通过，但在随后的25年中，有100多个食品和药品法案被

29、提交到国会。,增减法（Amplification people have developed different skills.,2. Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from loses that many dangers may cause.,货物保险会使贸易商免受许多风险所可能造成的种种损失。,4. Another factor behind the increase in merger activity is the record performance of stock markets, which has enabled compa

30、nies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share prices.,导致合并不断增加的另一个因素是股票市场的空前繁荣。股票市场的空前繁荣使得各家公司可以依赖其上涨的股票价格去资助各种大规模的购进。,3. They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.,他们乘坐一辆黑色高级轿车，经过一丛丛的白桦树和看不到尽头的一排排式样相同的新住宅。,5.

31、The United States systems work by means of a series of closely tabulated favors and obligations carefully doled out where they will do the most good.,美国的种种体制是在一系列安排周密的恩惠和义务的基础上来运行的，而且施予恩惠和承担义务都必须以获取最大的利益为前提。,减词法,减词法是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘啰嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。 与英语相比较，汉语中代词（尤其是人称代

32、词）和连词（尤其是并列连词“和”）使用的很少，能省略的代词和连接词一般都不在句子里出现。 此外冠词、动词不定式符号、部分介词还有系动词都可以省略。,减词法,The retailer perform many functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Also, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer aids in promoting the product, often through displays a

33、nd advertising. Fourth, the retailer may finance the customer by extending credit. Further, the retailer performs storage function in his outlet, by having goods available.,减词法,零售商还发挥许多功能。其一，（）可以提供便利的场地；其二，（）对他所经销的商品提供担保和服务；其三，（）帮助促销产品，经常进行商品展示活动和发布广告；（）其四，（）为顾客提供信贷。另外由于供货及时，零售商还可发挥其商店的仓储功能。 英语语篇衔接手

34、段：使用代词，使用名词本身，使用省略使用上义词，使用同义词。 汉语语篇：当谈论同一主语时，被谈论的主要往往省略。,1. Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.,冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节，虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。 （省略冠词）,2. When demands get low, prices may become low.,

35、需求降低，价格就可能降低。 （省略系动词）,3. Smoking is not allowed in the warehouse.,仓库重地，不准吸烟。 （省略介词）,5. The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.,产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。 （删除累赘部分）,6. Advertisements help market develop. Therefore, as more goods are sold they are cheaper.,广告有助于市场的发展，因此

36、，货物卖得越多价格就越便宜。 （省略助动词和系动词）,7. Such is the so-called “business cycle”that has characterized the industrialized nations of the world for the last two centuries-ever since an elaborate, interdependent money economy began o replace the relatively self-sufficient precommercial sociaety.,这是近两个世纪（即自从一种复杂、相

37、互依赖的货币经济开始取代相对自给自足的前商业化社会）以来全世界工业化国家所谓的经济周期。,为了避免文章的单调乏味，英文中往往尽量要避免用词重复。除了使用代词外，同一件事物常用拼写不同而意义相近的词来表示。回避重复是英语的一大特色。 汉语的重复则不会给人以单调乏味的感觉，相反，如果使用得当，还可以起到反复强调的作用，使语义明确，译文生动。重复是汉语的一个明显特点。,重复法（Repetition）,1）指代法 2）替代法 3）换词法 4）省略法 5）保留介词法 6）紧缩法,英语回避重复的主要方法,The moneys most extraordinary feat was learning to

38、operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed.,换词法,省略法,I like strong tea, but I suppose weak () is better for you. (回避重复名词),They are not known for retreat. They never have ( ) and never will ( ). (回避重复动词),A: Would you like to go with me?

39、 B: Yes, Id like to. (回避重复不定式),The origne is ripe. I know () from its color. (回避重复句子),保留介词法,保留介词法就是保留同一个介词以回避名词、动词或者形容词的重复。如：,Discipline is indispensable to victory in war, to success in our work, and indeed, to the realization of our goal.,Discipline is indispensable to victory in war, Discipline i

40、s indispensable to success in our work, and indeed, Discipline is indispensable to the realization of our goal.,保留介词法,We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other-of everything but our host and hostess.,We talked of ourselves, We talked of our prospects, We

41、 talked of the journey, We talked of the weather, and We talked of each other- talked of everything but our host and hostess.,紧缩法,紧缩法就是将语句中两个或几个相关联的成分合并在一起，以避免一些词语的重复，是文字变得简洁。如：,He was particularly interested in the articles on and by Lu Xun.,He was particularly interested in the articles on and He

42、was particularly interested in the articles written by Lu Xun.,英汉翻译中的重复翻译法,1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.,2. The big company has its disadvantages.,我们应该学会如何分析问题和解决问题。,大企业有大企业的难处。,3. Managing multinationals means handling both national and organizational culture differences at

43、the same time.,管理跨国公司意味着要同时处理民族文化差异与组织文化差异。,1. He became an oil baronall by himself.,2. Last year, the output of coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent of the whole country, of steel 25 percent, and of cotton 35 percent.,他成了一个石油大亨一个白手起家的石油大亨。,去年，这一地区的煤产量约占全国总产量的20%，钢产量占25% , 棉花产量占35。,3. In

44、 fact, the blatant use of money to motivate people either to join an organization or to stay on has created more motivation problems than it has solved.,事实上，大张旗鼓地用金钱来促使人们加入某组织或留下来，这种做法所引起的激励机制上的问题，远比其所解决的问题要多。,4. The main difficulty is the shortage of funds, teachers and teaching materials.,5. We th

45、ank you very much for the warm hospitality accorded to our trade delegation during this visit to your country and for the close co-operation in the business discussions.,主要的问题是经费不足、教员不足、教材不足这几项。,我们非常感谢你们在我贸易代表团访问贵国期间给予的盛情款待，感谢你们在业务洽谈中给予的密切配合。,6. With respect to manuscripts and pictures that are prov

46、ided by the Chinese party, without the consent of the Chinese Party, the other party may not transfer the copyright, or extend the use thereof, or extend the areas where they shall be distributed.,凡我方提供的书稿和图片，未经我方同意，对方不得转让版权，不得扩大使用权，不得扩大发行区域。,（三）表示“高于”、“多于”,数字翻译法,（二）表示“大约”、“不确定”,（五）形容数目、数量多时的翻译,（四）表

47、示“少于”、“差一些”、“不到”等,（六）形容数目、数量少时的翻译,（一）表示“不多不少”、“恰恰正好”,（七）倍数的翻译,（八）大数字的翻译,The wire measures exactly twenty meters.,The machine worked for ten whole days.,The plane takes off at 8 oclock sharp.,这条导线刚好20米长。,这台机器整整运转了10天时间。,这架飞机8点整起飞。,He earns a cool half million dollars a year.,他一年收入整整50万美元。,Professor J

48、ohnson finished the experiment in twenty-four hours flat.,约翰逊教授完成这一实验正好用了24小时。,（一）表示“不多不少”、“恰恰正好”、“整整”： exactly，flat，just，sharp，whole，cool等,The T-shirt cost just 10 dollars.,买这个T恤衫正好花了10美元。,It is nearly / toward (s) 4 oclock.,It is somewhere about 4 oclock.,The price of this new machine is on the bo

49、rder of/ in the neighborhood of a thousand dollars.,现在将近四点了。,现在四点左右。,这台新机器的价格约1000美元。,The book will only cost 15 dollars or so.,这本书只要十五美元左右。,About / Some / Around / Round twenty passengers were killed in the road accident.,这次交通事故中约有二十名旅客死亡。,（二）表示“大约”、“不确定”：about，some，around，round，nearly，towards，some

50、where about，estimated，approximately，on the border of，close to，or so等,Never spend in excess of your income.,There are three thousand odd students in this normal school.,Supplies of this commodity greatly exceed the demand.,花钱切勿超过你的收入。,这所师范院校有三千多名学生。,这种商品的供应大大超过了需求。,Upwards of seven thousand medical w

51、orkers and twenty thousand PLA men have left for the earthquake district.,有七千多名医务人员和两万多名解放军前往震区。,The patients are children of three years old and upwards.,这些病人是三岁和三岁以上的儿童。,（三）表示“高于”、“多于”：more than, odd, over, above, long, past, or more, upwards of, higher than, in excess of , exceed等,The child could

52、nt count past 20.,这个孩子不会数20以上的数。,The price of that tricycle is less than /under /below fifty dollars.,He bought the coffeepot at 6 dollars off the list price.,那辆三轮车的售价还不到50美元。,他以低于价目表6美元的价格买下了那把咖啡壶。,（四）表示“少于”、“差一些”、“不到”：less, less than, below, no more than, under, short of, off, to, within, as few a

53、s等,The invention cost each family no more than one dollar a week.,这项发明使每个家庭每周最多花费1美元。,Its five minutes to five now.,现在是5点差5分。,The motor ran 450 solid days on end.,The experiment will take three months, at least.,The temperature at the suns center is as high as 10 000 000 ,马达连续运转了足足450天 。,实验至少需要三个月时间

54、。,太阳中心的温度高达摄氏1 000万度。,They covered full twenty reference sources on clone in a single day.,仅用了一天时间，他们就看完了足足20种有关克隆的资料。,There were no less than 3 000 dead and wounded in the 911 terrorist attack.,在911恐怖袭击中，死伤者达3 000多人。,（五）表示数目、数量多时：full, solid, at least, all of, no less than, asas，等,They covered all

55、of ten miles.,他们走了实足十英里。,There is at most / only room for one person.,That solar-energy car weighs only / merely / barely / scarcely / but 500kg.,至多只有可容纳一个人的空间。,那辆太阳能汽车重量仅有500公斤。,（六）表示数目、数量少：only, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no more than, scant 等,Inspection time for the installation was

56、no more than 2 hours.,安装检验工作仅用了两个小时。,They covered a scant six miles today.,他们今天走了近6里路。,1. “be n times as a. (ad.)+ as”,The grain output of this year is about three times as great as that of last year.,2. “n times + a.(ad.)比较级+than ”,“是的n倍”或“比大（n1）倍”,今年的粮食产量大约是去年的3倍/比去年多两倍左右。,（七）倍数的翻译,Asia is four ti

57、mes larger than Europe.,“是的n倍”或“比大（n1）倍”,亚洲的面积是欧洲的4倍/亚洲的面积比欧洲大3倍。,This power plant is four times larger than that one. 这个发电站比那个发电站大三倍。,1. This wire is as long again as that one.,2. Brown has half as many books again as Peter does.,这根金属线的长度是那根的两倍。,布郎的书比彼得的书多一半。,3. Prof. Peter has books as many again

58、as I do.,彼得教授的书比我的书多一倍。,3.“be as + a. (ad.)+ again as” ； “again as+ a. (ad.) + as”,“是的两倍”或“比多一倍”,另外，若again之前有half，则表示“比长（大，宽，多）半倍”；若again之前有much或many，则表示“比长（大，宽，多）一倍”。,4. “n times + upon/over”,“是 n倍”或“比 多n-1倍”,The industrial output in our factory this year is ten times over that of 1999.,今年我们工厂的产量是1

59、999年的10倍。,The total output value of the citys light industry has grown three times over that of last year.,这个城市的轻工业总产值比去年增长了两倍。,He is five times upon your age.,他的年龄是你的5倍。,The population of this county has increased by a factor of 5.,By 2004 the production of primary copper has increased fivefold.,该县的人口已经增长了4倍。,到2004年，原铜产量增长了4倍。,The sales of industrial electronic products have multiplied 5 times.,工业电子产品销售额增加了4倍。,The steel output has increased by three times.,钢产量已增加了两倍。,5. “incre