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1、.8a、 8b英语笔记整理8a unit 1 a letter from a penfriendrelate with = aboutambition志向( a very strong wish)bad-worse-worstill-worse-worstbadly-worseworstowner(n.) 有者own(a./v.)1. what would you like to do?would like / love to do = want to do想要做 e.g. would you like / love toyes, i d like to / love to,but 理(由 )
2、2. tell sb. sth. about告 某人关于的一些事e.g. i d like to tell you something about my trip in hong kong.3. one and a half meters tall. 1.5 米(or)one meter and a half1.5 米four and a half kilos(or) four kilos and a halfenclose用“数 + 位 +形容 ”来表示身高,体重, 度, 度,年 等e.g. this suitcase is 80cmlong , 55cmwide , 5cm high .长
3、宽高4. 限定 ( this, that)数 ( two )性 ( beautiful, ugly)尺寸大小( bid ) 短(long, short)形状( round,triangle)新旧或年 ( old, young ) 色( red, blue )国籍 ( 地 )(chinese )材料( wooden, leather)状 ( shining, glowing)5. ones hobbydoingis sth . 性, 常one s ambition(wish / hope / duty / responsibility / job)+ be + to do sth.除了 hobb
4、y ,其余全用 “to do sth.”e.g. (1) his job at the moment is to look after the homeless people.(2) their duty is to keep the whole building clean.(3) todaymewshork is to copy the new word.6. own. (v.) 有,占有 =have,但 own 更 物品的 属 某人自己。e.g. (1) mr. smithowns a car.(2) mr. smith has his own car.(3) mr. smith has
5、 a car of his own.7. be keen on = likevery much = be interested in = be fond特of别 () 喜 ,渴望, 衷于be keen on +名 or 名 (doing)e.g. he is keen onplaying football.be keen on 名 make + it + adj.+ for sb. / sth + to do sth.使得 做某事 得 8. (1.)enjoy + doing / n.enjoy oneself = enjoy one(2.)play chessplay footballpla
6、y cardsplay the pianothe violinthe guitarplay + the + musical instrument9. physics物理physical(a.) 物理的,身体的 s time = have a good time音 器材前加 “ the”a physicsteacher / lab / homework.a physical change / physical education (pe)10. maybe / may be1) he is maybe at home perhaps 如果原句有 ,maybe2) he may be at hom
7、e 如果原句无 ,may be ( 情 11. 1) enclose (v.) 附寄2) a photo of myself 照片有我不等于a photo of mine等于a photo of me)12. 反 疑 句 述句(肯), (否定)主 的代 ? 述句(否), (肯定)主 的代 ?例: 1). i am late,aren t i?2). there is little water in the bottle, is3). there are few students in the hall,4). you could hardly believe that,5). he rarel
8、y / seldom goes to the cinema,6) . let s go swimming, shall7). let us go swimming,will8) . don t be late next time,willthere ?aretherecouldyoudoeswe?you?you?he? 祈使句的反 疑 句除“let s shall之外we?,其余用” will you。little / few / hardly / rarely / seldom否定 (反 部分用肯定)13. hope的用法比 特殊,可以 hope to do,但不能 hope sb. to
9、do, 是可以用hope + (that)从句的 构来表示。hope后不可以加to do只有 wish sb. to dotrain (v.)training (n.)培 , do well in = be good atwork out猜出,squash壁球high height身高heavy weight ( n.)weigh(v.)8a unit 2whizz kid1. expect (v.)expect sth. / sb.e.g. (1.) farmers expect a good harvest.(2.) i ll expect you for supper at 6 p.m.
10、 sharpexpect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth.e.g. (1.) he expects to finish the project in a week(2.) do you expect me to stay for another week?expect that(从句)2. businessc 公司 *start a new businessu 生意*he went to beijing on business (go tohow is your business?quit good.*although he is my friend, bu
11、siness is business (businessman businessmenbusinesswoman businesswomenon business出差 )公事公 )3.similar (a.) 似的be similar to和差不多.4.different (a.)不同的be different from与 不同differently(ad.)不同的difference c u不同之 e.g. (1.) teenagers always think that their parents different opinions from them.(2.) can you tell
12、 me the difference between the two words?(3.) in fact, these two books are quite similar. you can choose either of them.(either or)5.successful (a.)成功的successfully(ad.)成功地success(n.) 成功a great successsucceed(v.)成功succeed in + n. (doing)he is a successful writer. he has successful published more than
13、 20 novels. last month he succeeded in holding his first painting show. no wonder so many people admire his great success.6. must be 把握程度 (肯定是 )e.g. after a day s hard work,mustyoube tired.否定式can t be(不可能是 )e.g. he can t be at home now. because he is on a business iptr.7. one of the(1.)this is one o
14、f the most expensive dresses in our shop.(2.)yesterday was one if the coldest days of the year.(3.)one of the longest rivers in the world lies in this country.one of +最高 + 名 复 top 表示 的,不用最高 8.put on(wear)(1.) it s raininghard outside, you putdbetteronyour coat.(2.) jane is wearing a new dress.wear已
15、穿上put on指 作9. 一般 在 meaning1) 常性的 作: wendy always talks about business over breakfast.2)自然界中的客 事 或真理: the sun rises in the esat.3)表示人的心理活 或表示客 属性的 :believe/love/hate/belong to/contain*the book contains six chapters.seructure:主 i, you, we, they一律 原形 . ( 否) don t+原 . 三 he, she, it 后加 s 或 es. ( 否 ) does
16、n t+ 原 .time adverbials:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never10. luckily (adv.)lucky (adj.)幸运的【反】 unluckily不幸的unlucky (adj.)uck (n.) 运气1) you are luck enough to get the first prize.2) four is usually regarded as a(an) unlucky number.3) luckily, she was at home when i called on her
17、.4) tom was upset, because he had bad luck all week.11. sell (v.) (sold, sold)卖sale(n) 卖sales(n. / a.) 售的a sales manager2) i m sorry sir. this vase is not for sale. (be for sale可以 的 )3) i got this coat on sale, its very cheap. ( be on sale打折 )12. manager (n.)/manage (v.)管理.mange to do sth. =succeed
18、in doing = be able to do1) it s raining heavily. he tired to get there on time.2) it s raining heavily. he managed to get there on time.做到了13. be responsiblefor对 responsible (a.)负责responsibility (n.) 任*teacher would like to give the work to thoseresponsiblestudents.14. discuss (v.) -talk oven (about
19、) sth.讨论discussion (n.)let s discuss todaylets works.have= a discussion about todaydiscuss about sth.可以 have a discussion about sth.15. over breakfast = during / at breakfast16. go to schoolin our family car. by carbuy busby train只跟交通工具17. make phone callsto 18. on the way to / on one在s去way的to路上。hom
20、e, here, there不+to19. but some of the work is boringboring(a.) -(sth.)bored(a.)-(sb.)20. achieve grade in21. i never fail an exam.fair(v.)失 fair to do sth. = be not able to do未能成 failure(n.)失 failure is the mother of success.he failed to pass the exam,didn t?hehe was unhappy to day,wasn t ?hefair =
21、not pass1) he failed the exam.he didn t passthe exam.2) he failed to pass the exam.he wasn t able topass the exam.22. the driver collects me from school.collect sb. = pick sb. up接送某人23. return to(1.) after the meeting, he returned to the factory.(2.) you d better return the books to the library befo
22、re friday.return to -come / go back to返回give back to归还24. attend a club / attend school / attend a meeting / a lecture join the army / the dancing group / the partytake part in a football match / a writing contest attend 出席,人到 了join 加入某 期的 或 体,成 其中一 take part in参加某个具体的活 或比 25. assist(v.) -helpassist
23、ant(n.)-helper26. continue(v.)( 1.) continue doing sth = go on doing = keep doing (2.) work on 介 on 在 里表示 “某方向 ”27. seldom(adv.)-not often, rarely几乎很少,几乎不(1.) he somseldlate for school, is he?. s work.(2.) it seldom snows in shanghai,doesntit?28. need 做情态动词,只能用于否定或疑问句,后只跟动词原形* you needn t clean my o
24、ffice *need i clean you office?need 用于肯定句,要用行为动词need :后跟名词或动词to do形式1) he needs a lot of money to build the house.he doesn t needalot of money to build the house.dose he needa lot of money to build the house.whatdoes he needto build the house?2) theyneeded to thinkit over. / (theydidn t needtothink
25、it over )did they needto think it over?whatdid they needto do?tom doesntneed to go there by himself.she needs to raise some money to do this project.the old lady needs good medical came.29. spend, cost, pay, take, buy区别sb. spend money / time on sth.(in) doing sth.sth. cost sb. moneysb. pay money + f
26、or sth.it take(s) sb. time +to dotooksb. buy + sth. + for +money.1) she spent 2 hours finishing this work. it took she 2 hours to finish this work.2) he spend 50yuan on the book.the book cost he 50yuan.he pay 50yuan for the book.he buy the book for 50yuan.8a unit 3 dealing with trouble1. deal v. (de
27、alt, dealt)deal with sth. / sb.处理*how do you deal with the trouble/old books?*what do you do with the old books?2. happen v.发生,碰巧*a funny thing happened yesterday.1) sth. happen to sb.某人发生了某事did you hear what happened to peter yester day?2) happen to do sth.碰巧,不巧做了某事i happened to see him yesterday.*
28、 happen (偶然发生) take place(经安排后发生)when did the explosion happen?when will the wedding take place?*great changes have taken place in the last three years.*they are having an important meeting. let4.wait v.wait for(引导现在完成时)airs quietly ssogonobodyupst will notice us.*who are you waiting for?.*they are
29、waiting for their teacher.waiter/waitress5. suddenly adv.sudden adj.*we are all surprised at his sudden death.6. argue v.争吵,争论(argued, argued, arguing)*listen, they are arguing loudly.argue with sb.argue about sth.*peter argued with mary about the best place for a holiday.argumentn. 争论,论据,论点*they ha
30、d a long argument about the issue.*argument, disagreement, arrangement, management, achievement, movement, excitement7. two women tourists/two men doctors two girl students/two boy students two female elephants/two male lions two apple trees只有以 man、 woman 构成的复合名词在变成复数时,前后两个名词都要变为复数。8. hold v. (held,
31、 held)hold out 伸出,端出 / hold a meeting 开会 / hold up 举起 / hold on (电话)别挂断 / hold one 9. crowd n, 人群 crowded adj.1) i saw a crowd of people running around the building2) there were crowds of people at the theatre.3) we should take care of our belongings in crowded places.4) najing road walk way is one
32、of the most crowded street in shanghai.5) the hall is crowded with audience.10. stare v./n.盯,凝视(stared, stared, staring)stare at sb.盯着某人看1) it s rude to stare at other people.2) the teacher stare at some students if they are absent- minded.11. go on 发生,继续1) what s going on? = what s happening ?2) if
33、 he goes on like this, he will lose his job.3) although it was late at night, he was still going on watching tv.4) they went on with their discussion until 9 p.m.* go on with + n.12. move through the crowdacross the riverthrough the cityacross the roadthrough the forestacross the pipethrough the tun
34、nelthrough指从某个物体的内部空间通过,贯穿。across指从某个物体的表面穿过13. steal v. (stole, stolen, stealing)*she wanted to steal money from his father s drawer.*rob (robbed) rob sth. of sb. robbery/robber14. notice v.注意i noticed that he stole the purse at the woman.i noticed him waiting him outside.(notice sb. doing)i notice
35、d him enter the room.(notice sb. do)notice n.通知,布告the notice on the wallnotice board15. we were in the bookstore, buying post cards. s breath屏住呼吸.*many parents stood outside the school gate, waiting for their children.*the boy sat there, crying.*he lay on the bed, thinking about the problem.现在分词作为伴随
36、动词,补充当时状态16. follow v.*you go first and i will follow you later.follow adj. = next接着*the child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed to be well again.17. hurry v. 赶快 (hurried, hurried, hurrying) *don t hurry, we are not late.*hurry up, or we ll be late for the plane.*look, he i
37、s hurrying to the meeting room.hurry n.仓促,匆忙in a hurry*i m (not) in a hurry to change m y job.hurried adj.hurriedly adv.*hurried work仓促的工作*leave hurriedly / leave in a hurry18. abroad adv. 上(船,火车,飞机) *they went abroad the ship.*the boat is ready to leave. all aboard. abroad adj. 海外,国外*she will study
38、 abroad next year.19. strange adj.奇怪的1) strangely, i have never seen that television show before.2) don t talk to strangers.3) sorry, i don t know where the book here is because i20. afraid adj.害怕的be afraid of (doing) sth. / be afraid to do sth.*many people are afraid of snakes.*he was afraid of fai
39、ling in the exam.*don t be afraid to ask for help.*are we on time? i m afraid not.m also a stranger here.21. pick up 捡起,拿起*don t throw the rubbish on the ground, please.代词放在介词短语中*my father usually pick me up after school.*when i travelled in america, i picked up some american english.22. report v. n
40、.报告*he reported a theft.*he wrote a report about the accidents.reporter n.报告人,记者23. theft n.偷窃案thief n.(pl.) thieves24. * it justlefta few minutes ago.ithas been awayfor a few minutes.25. detail n. 资料,详细情况*let s discuss the details of our arrangement.详细地*let s discuss in detail.26. put the phone dow
41、n*put down the old pictures from the wall.see sb. doing see sb. do.put down 放下put up your handsput up 起put out the fireput out扑 put on the play next weekput on上演put off the sports meetingput off延期27. as we got off.get on / go off(bus, ferry, train,plane )get into / get out off(car, taxi)get to到达get
42、ready for准 get up起床get back 回来28. see sb. doing / do (sth.)看 某人正在做某事1) 看 某人 常做某事2) 看 某人做某事的 程(多用于瞬 )同性 : hear, notice, find, watchdid you often see her take a walk after supper?i saw the man go into the bank at the time.we heard tom singing in the room when we entered.did you hear him say sorry to t
43、he teacher?29. he looked worried.look 感官 , 后跟形容 (同 small, taste, feel, sound)但是如果后面 有at sb. / at sth. , 普通行 , 需要以副 修 。the little boy looked sadly at the broken vase, he looked really sad.30. well done! 做得好! praise sb. for what he did31. i said as we walked by.as = when*as he was a child, he enjoyed
44、swimming.he doesn t run as fast as me. 像 一 he works as a physics teacher.作 as she has no car, it s not easy for her to get there因 .walk by经过8a unit 4 numbers, everyoneages langu1. at least最少at most最多2. in ancient times 在古代3. in many different ways用很多不同的方法4. count v.数 (counted, counted, counting)*cou
45、ntable adj.可数的uncountable adj.不可数的mile is a countable noun while is an uncountable noun.*countless adj.无数的十 制6. greek(s) a./n.希腊的,希腊人greece希腊roman(s) a./n. 的, 人rome罗马egyptian(s) a./n.埃及的,埃及人egypt埃及.indian(s) a./n.印度的,印度人india印度7. invent v.发明invention n. 发明产物 发明inventor n.发明家1) the invention of telep
46、hone made it easier for us to communicate.2) bell is inventor of telephone.3) printing was one of the greatest inventors in the ancient china.4) who invented the light? edison.8. develop v.发展,开发(developed, developed, developing)china has developed a lot recently.*develop an ideahe developed his busi
47、ness three years ago.china is still a developing country.(发展中的)america is already a developed country.(发达的)development n. 发展developer n.开发者9. calculating machines计算器calculating n.用于计算的calculate计算calculation n. 计算结果 计算calculator计算机1) the teachers asked the students to calculate the width of the stree
48、t.2) your calculation shows that the company didn t make any profit.3) abacus was an ancient calculating too!4) we are not allowed to use calculators in a maths exam.10. abacus n.算盘an abacusabacuses11. accurate adj.精准的= correctaccurately adv.*inaccurate adj. = incorrect12. electronic adj.电子的*electron n.电子electric adj.发电的,有电的,带电的electrical adj.与电有关的,电气的electricity n.电*electrician电工1) we can buy all theelectrical appliancesat the supermarket.2) our life will be very inconvenient without electricity.3) an electronic dictionary can help us look up the new w
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