翻译常用方法2010.11Chapter+3.ppt

1、Chapter ThreeMajor Translation Approaches翻译常用方法,So when the original coincides or almost tallies with the target language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation can be used.,(2) Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological

2、content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and sentence structures of patterns.,在金堤和奈达合著的“论翻译”一书中，列举了人们对“直译”几种看法或理解： (1)Following the word order of the original. (2)Trying to reproduce the syntactic clauses of the source languages. (e.g. transl

3、ating nouns by nouns and verbs by verbs.),3)Trying to match all the syntactic constructions, actives, passives, relative clauses, conditions contrary to fact, etc.,(4)Trying to follow a strict concordance of lexical items, that is always translating one word in the source language by one and the sam

4、e corresponding word in the target language.,(5)Matching rhetorical features (e.g. parallelism, hyperbole, etc.),e.g. 1) The rewards for the Chinese people are clear, most visibly in the dynamism and prosperity of Beijing and the coastal cities.,e.g. 1) The rewards for the Chinese people are clear,

5、most visibly in the dynamism and prosperity of Beijing and the coastal cities. 中国人民获得的实惠显而易见，北京和沿海城市的勃勃生机和繁荣兴旺就是最明显的见证。,2) For the international community, the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown rapidly to be the worlds sixth largest economy, and is set to grow furthe

6、r.,2) For the international community, the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown rapidly to be the worlds sixth largest economy, and is set to grow further. 对国际社会来说，这些变化带来的最引人注目的结果是中国已跃居为世界第六经济大国，而且今后注定进一步发展。,3) Chinas rapid emergence as a major world actor is a tribute

7、to the drive and entrepreneurial economic reforms she has pursued over the past two decades.,3) Chinas rapid emergence as a major world actor is a tribute to the drive and entrepreneurial economic reforms she has pursued over the past two decades. 中国迅速崛起，成为世界舞台上表演重要角色的一个国家，这应归功于中国人民的努力和进取精神，尤其应归功于过去

8、20年里中国所推行的根本性的经济改革。,baptism of war to show ones cards to be armed to the teeth to shed crocodile tears gentlemens agreement,baptism of war 战争洗礼 to show ones cards 摊牌 to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 to shed crocodile tears 掉鳄鱼眼泪 gentlemens agreement 君子协定,an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth ray of h

9、ope His life hangs on a thread.,an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 ray of hope 希望之光 His life hangs on a thread. 他的生命悬于一线。,Cast a shadow over 纸老虎 一国两制,Cast a shadow over 笼罩上一层阴影 纸老虎 paper tiger 一国两制 one country, two systems,to fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于

10、水,由于大多数谚语采用生动形象的比喻，只要不影响译文读者的理解，应尽可能使用直译的方法，把原文的内容、形式和风格都输入到译文中去，努力减少翻译中的损失。 1. If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 同时追两兔，全都抓不住。 2. Half a loaf is better than no bread. 有半块面包总比没有好。,3. The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up. 水能载舟，亦能覆舟。 4. Better to reign in hell

11、 than serve in heaven. 宁为地狱主，不当天堂仆。 5. To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就等于延长生命。,3.1.2 Free translation (意译) Free translation or liberal translation means giving up the original image or vehicle and making effort to find an appropriate way to express the intended meaning of the original.,Free t

12、ranslation is also called liberal translation because it does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original. Its a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.意译是指按照原文的句子结构翻译，所得译文不符

13、合汉语习惯的情况下，重新组织句子结构，即舍形式而取内容，用贴切的译入语准确传达原作的意义。,Free translation, also known as sense-for-sense translation, emphasizes transfer of the meaning or “spirit” of a source text over accurate reproduction of the original wording. The purpose of sense-for-sense translation is to accommodate the needs of the

14、 target language reader by producing a text which conforms to the linguistic and textual norms of the target language and culture and which does not therefore sound “foreign” (Shuttleworth if one does not advance, one will retreat.,In translation, the translator can make better use of his capacity in “recreation”, or like the Chinese saying: the translator can give full play to