汉英文化对比.ppt

1、汉英翻译中的文化因素,Cultural Factors in Chinese-English Translation,2,Overview,一、文化的定义和分类、文化、语言和翻译的关系、语篇与文化 二、汉语文化词语及翻译 三、评论:中国古典名著书名英译,Culture, language and translating,4,Culture: definitions,that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and many other capabilities and habi

2、ts acquired by.members of society.“ -E. B. Taylor: Primitive Culture, 1871. “It is the totality of the spiritual，intellectual，and artistic attitudes shared by a group，including its tradition, habits, social customs，morals，laws，and social relations, Sociologically，every society，on every level， has it

3、s culture；the term has no implications of high development.” - The New World Encyclopedia, 1974. Ecology, Material Culture, Social Culture, Religious Culture, Linguistic Culture -Eugene Nida: Language, Culture and Translating, 1993 “the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a commu

4、nity that uses a particular language as its means of expression” -Newmark: A textbook of translation, 2001.,5,文化的定义,PP.17 “广义的文化指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和，狭义的文化指社会意识形态、以便与之相适应的制度和组织机构；有时也持指教育、科学、文学、艺术等方面的精神财富，以便与政治、经济、军事等方面的知识和设施相区别。” -戚雨村:“语言文化对比”，外语研究，1992年第2期 广义的文化包括三个层次的内容： (1)物质文化，如建筑物、服饰、食品、

5、工具等； (2)制度习俗文化，包括制度、法规，以及相应的设施和风俗习惯等； (3)精神文化，包括价值观念、思维方式、宗教信仰等，也包括哲学、科学、文学艺术方面的成就和产品。,6,Language and culture,Does language shape culture or does culture shape language?,7,语言和文化密不可分。 语言是文化的一部分，又是文化的载体。 文化塑造语言，又通过语言得以发展、延续。,8,Culture, language and translating,“翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们全说：他必须掌握两种语言，确实如此；但是，

6、不了解语言当中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言。” -王佐良：“翻译中的文化比较”，翻译通讯，1984年1月。 “翻译中对原文意思的理解，远远不是单纯的语言理解问题。语言是文化的组成部分，它受着文化的影响和制约。在翻译过程中，译者对某段文字理解的正确与否，在很大程度上取决于他对有关文化的了解。对于译者来说，没有两种文化的对比知识，就无从谈起对语言文字的正确理解与表达。” -谭载喜：“翻译学必须重视中西理论比较研究”，中国翻译，1998年02期,9,Discouse and culture,“The ethnic and cultural diversity of human societies

7、 is reflected in language, discourse and communication. ” -Dijk, Teun A. van, Ting-Toomey, Stella, et al. (1997). Discourse, Ethnicity, Culture and Racism. In Dijk, Teun A. van (Ed.) Discourse as Social Interaction, London: Sage. 146-180. Goddard, Wierzbicka. Discourse and Culture. In Dijk, Teun A.

8、van (Ed.) Discourse as Social Interaction, London: Sage. 232-256.,10,Text analysis in translation,Translating as Intercultural Action. Language is an intrinsic part of a culture, especially if culture is defined as a “totality of knowledge, proficiency and perception” (Snell-Hornby 1988:40) Translat

9、ing means comparing cultures. The second tone rises. I think of calling to shore while wading into the waters of Maine. In India if a man compares the eyes of his wife to those of a cow, he expresses admiration for their beauty. -Nord, Christiane.Translating as a Purposeful Activity-Functionalist Ap

10、proaches Explained.2001. 23-25, 33-34, 41-42.,11,More on culture and translation,Eugene A. Nida严久生译Language, Culture and Translating语言文化与翻译.pdf Basil Hatim. Communication across cultures：translation theory and contrastive text linguistics.pdf Bassnett And suffered a tithe more pain in it than the be

11、autiful Xi Shi.(Tr. David Hawkes),24,典故的翻译方法：直译意译借用,四面楚歌 初出茅庐 借刀杀人 说曹操，曹操到。 从古以来，只有“杞人忧天”, 就是那个河南人怕天塌下来。 嘴上还咯咯地笑着说：“这叫画饼充饥。” 他们口头的宪政，不过式“挂羊头卖狗肉”。 “高鼻子助桀为虐，真可恨！”蒋翊武咬紧牙关狠狠地哼了一声。 宝玉忙道：“ 只是这姑娘可好，你们大爷怎么就中意了？” 香菱笑道：“一则是天缘，二来是情人眼里出西施。”,25,社交礼节-贬己尊人,P.19 谦称、敬称 “略谈”、“浅谈”、“初探”、“拙作”、 “敝人”、“寒舍”、“敝公司” “您”、 “大作”、

12、“贵府”、“贵姓” 略具菲酌，请各位赏光。 孔明曰: “大江之上, 以弓箭为先。”瑜曰: “先生之言, 甚合愚意。但今军中正缺箭用, 敢烦先生监造十万枝箭, 以为应敌之具。此系公事, 先生幸勿推却。”(三国演义) 本文在总结分析前人工作的基础上，对河流生态环境需水理论体系做了初步探讨。,26,禁忌,P.23 胖 一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我胖了，说我胖了之后大骂其新党。（鲁迅祝福）After exchanging a few polite remarks when we met , he observed that I looked fat, and having made that compl

13、imentary remark he launched a violent attack on the revolutionaries. 隐私 毛主席问陈妻：你们俩感情好不好？陈妻答：好。主席听了感到非常高兴。Then Chairman Mao talked with Chens wife. He was pleased to know that they had a happy home life. P.30 脏话 老王和我算是柳家大院最“文明”的人了。“文明”是三孙子。（老舍柳家大院） Old Wang and I are considered the genteel folk in the compound. Ge