高中英语被动语态课件

1、动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned b

2、y us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。,一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done,He is regarded as

3、a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。,This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。,The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。,T

4、he work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。,被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by P

5、aul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.,People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。,当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,English is spoken almost all over the world.,1含有单宾语的主

6、动句的转换：,(一) 主动句与被动句的转换,People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换,I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).,2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主

7、语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,1) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,3. 含有介词动词的主动句的转换。,They have never listened to him.,人家从不听他的话。,He has never been listened to.,Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).,9. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句： 第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 (1) Do you like the materi

8、al? Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft. (2)The food tastes delicious. 误：The food is tasted delicious. (3)The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：The pop music is sounded beautiful. 第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： He entered the room and got his book. 误：The ro

9、om was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 误：Her hand was had burned.,第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, h

10、appen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如： I taught myself English. 误：

11、Myself was taught English. We love each other. 误：Each other is loved.,10. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说It is said that 据报导It is reported that 据推测It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is reported th

12、at it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.,语态转换(Give the students some minutes to discuss) 1.He teaches English in our school. 2.She gave me a book.,English is taught in our school by him. I was given a book by her./A book was given to me by h

13、er.,口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。 口诀2：如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell),3.He made me do the work.,I was made to do the work by him.,口诀3：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch,notice),4.They take good care of the baby.,The

14、 baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须 将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,Drills：A: 1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus. A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited 2.A big power station( )_in my home town now. A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building . 3.Stamps_by people

15、for sending letters. A.use B.using C.used D.are used. 4.Must old people_to politely? A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken,C,B,D,D,5.Bike mustnt_everywhere. A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting 6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road. A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain 7.The old man and the chi

16、ldren_in our country. A.must take good care B.must be take good care of C.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_ From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen,B,A,D,C,9.All trees must_well when it is dry. A.be water B.watering C.w

17、ater D.be watered 10.I think the shop_. No,its open. It_at six. closed Asked Bwill be asked C.closed;closesD.closes;is 11.This bike is made in America. Its_for travelling. A.use B.using C.to use D.used,D,D,D,1.The key _for locking the classroom door. A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use 2.A new school

18、 _over there in two years. A.may built B.may be built C. is built 3. He was made _yesterday. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried 4.The PRC_on October 1,1949. A.was found B. is found C.was founded D.is founded 5.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D. will give,B,B,B,C,C,Exercises: 一.选择填空: Windows_ of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. been made 2. The house_ in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can_ for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai las