代词和介词教学课件

1、英语,专题三代词和介词(短语)小心李代桃僵; 注意灵活多变,单句填空 1.(2016课标)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it)mother. 答案its考查代词。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。,考点清单,考点一 代词,真题在线,2.(2015广东)Now it occurred to(he) that his farm had much poten-tial and that the death of the cow was a bit of l

2、uck. 答案him考查代词。“it occurred to sb.+that从句”表示“某人突然想到”。 3.(2014辽宁)Raise your leg and letstay in the air for seconds. 答案it考查代词。句意:抬高你的腿让它在空中停滞几秒钟。it指 代的是前面出现的your leg。,一、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法,1.人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。 The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.(them指代the students

3、) 必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。 2.句中没有谓语动词,人称代词要用宾格。 Id like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.这个周末我想去爬山。 Me, too.我也想去。 3.介词+the+身体部位,此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替the。 The policeman took the thief by the collar and sent him to the police sta-tion.警察抓住小偷的领子,把他扭送到警察局去了。,4.含有反身代词的习惯搭配 devote oneself to致力于;dress onese

4、lf自己穿衣;enjoy oneself过得愉快;boast oneself自夸;help oneself to随便吃,随便用;hide oneself把自己藏起来;make yourself at home不拘束;say to oneself心里想;seat oneself坐下;teach oneself自学;come to oneself苏醒;behave oneself表现得体,有礼貌;apply oneself致力于;by oneself独自地;of oneself自动地 二、it的用法 1.指天气、时间、距离、环境等。 It often rains here in summer.(表

5、示天气) 这里夏天时常下雨。 It is twenty miles from here to the village.(表示距离) 从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。,2.代替前面提过的事物。 Where is my pen? It is on the desk. 我的钢笔在哪里? 在桌子上。 3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时,可用it来表示。 Is it a boy or a girl?是男孩还是女孩? 4.用作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。常用于下列句型: (1)it作形式主语的常用句型: It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+不定式 It is no

6、good/use doing sth.,Its(well)worth doing. It+be+a pity/a fact+that从句 It+seems/appears+that从句 It+be+过去分词+that从句 It+takes+(sb.)some time/some money to do sth. (2)it作形式宾语的常用句型: 主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep+it+adj./n.(for/of sb.)+to do/clause 主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/ma

7、ke/keep+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time(money/energy.)+doing.,主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep+it+important/nec-essary/natural/essential+that.(should). It is the teachers duty to teach the students.教学生是老师的职责。 It is a pity that you cant go with her. 你不能同她一块去

8、真遗憾。 I find it easy to get on with Jim. 我发现同吉姆相处很容易。 I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here. 我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人不准在这儿吸烟。 5.用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜欢、情感的动词以及depend on/upon, see to等动词短语后,再接when, if, that等引导的从句。 Id appreciate it if you could attend our party. 如果你能参加我们的聚会,我

9、将不胜感激。,三、不定代词、替代词的用法 1.each, every,Almost every student in our class passed the English exam yesterday.昨天几乎班上的每一个学生都通过了这次英语考试。 There are lots of trees on each side of the road. 路两边有许多树。 Every student does not realize the importance of the chance. 并非每个学生都意识到这个机会的重要性。,2.none, no one, nobody, nothing,N

10、one of them knew about the plan because it was a secret. 他们中没有人知道那项计划,因为那是个秘密。 How much money do you have? None. 你有多少钱? 一点也没有。,Who is in the room? No one/Nobody. 谁在屋里? 没有人。 What are you doing now? Nothing. 你现在在做什么? 什么也没做。,3.either, both, neither, all, none, any,There are many trees on either side of

11、 the street. 街道的两边都有许多树。 Both workers are demanding more pay. 两名工人都要求涨工资。 Neither of the two cars is mine. 这两辆车没有一辆是我的。,All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses. 所有的马都是动物,但是并不是所有的动物都是马。 None of the books are/is interesting. 这些书都没意思。 None of the rubbish has been removed. 这些垃圾还没被运走。 He r

12、efused to answer any of the questions. 他拒绝回答任何一个问题。 名师点睛all, both与not连用表示部分否定。 All that glitters is not gold. 并不是所有发光的都是金子。 You cannot keep both the gifts to yourself;one of them is for your brother. 你不能把两个礼物都留给自己,其中一个是给你弟弟的。,4.another,other, the other, others, the others (1)another指“再一,另一”,作代词或限定词,

13、用于三者或三者以上。 I dont like this hat. Please show me another one. 我不喜欢这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。 (2)other泛指“另外的”,只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用,但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every以及形容词性物主代词时,则可与单数名词连用。 Would you please make it some other day? 另找一天行吗? (3)the other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成one.the other.“一个另一个”。作定语修饰复数名词时,

14、表示“(一定范围内)其余的”。,I have two books;one is English, and the other is French. 我有两本书,一本是英语的,另一本是法语的。 The other students in my class are from this city. 我班其余的同学都是这个城市的。 (4)others泛指“别的人或物”(但不是全部),不能作定语,可构成“some.others.”结构。 Some are Chinese;others are Americans. 一些是中国人,另外一些是美国人。 (5)the others是the other的复数形式

15、,特指“(一定范围内)其余的人或物”。 There are many books on the table. Some are English;the others are French.桌子上有许多书。一些是英语的,其余的是法语的。,5.替代词的用法 (1)that指代与前面提到的相类似但不是同一个的事物,指代特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词,指代可数名词单数时,相当于the one;those指代特指的可数名词复数时,相当于the ones。 The climate of Guangzhou is much better than that of Xian. 广州的气候比西安的好多了。 My

16、 questions are similar to those/the ones you raised. 我的问题与你提出的问题相似。 (2)one用来代替前面出现的单数名词,表泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词;ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也表泛指概念。特指时用the one和the ones。,Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present,one that I have never seen. 张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物一件我从来没有见过的礼物。 The apples you bought this morning are the one

17、s imported from Thailand. 你今天上午买的苹果是从泰国进口的。,代词解题的四个注意 1.注意掌握各类代词的基本用法,包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词以及代词的格,如主格、宾格等。 2.明确代词在文中所指代的对象,不受各种插入语干扰。 3.代词的数与所指代的人或物必须保持一致。 4.注意代词的位置:物主代词、指示代词和不定代词经常放在名词前作定语,所以名词前如果没有冠词,可以结合语境考虑使用代词。,单句填空 1.(2016课标)In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands. 答案

18、with考查介词。with在此处表示“用”。 2.(2016四川)The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years. 答案for考查介词。此处应该用介词for表示一段时间。,考点二 介词和介词短语,真题在线,3.(2015课标)For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 答案by考查介词。by car乘汽车。 4.(2015课标)When

19、 a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; the same time, they warm up again for the night. 答案at考查固定搭配。at the same time同时。,一、需要掌握的七个常考介词的灵活用法 1.against (表示方位)倚靠着;(表示态度)反对;(表示对比)以为背景 An agreement seems to be impossible because t

20、he majority of the commit-tee members are against it. 看来意见达成一致是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。 2.off (表示位置)在的外面,在的沿海;(表示方向)偏离;从离开 The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. Well Hotel坐落于湖尽头的远离主干道的一个安静的地方。,3.over (表示位置)在的正上方,在的上面;(表示方向)越过;(表示等级或数目)高于,在之上,超过;(表示时间或过程)在期间 Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks. 很抱歉我没有给您打电话,但是在过去的几周里我一直很忙。 4.beyond (表示位置)在较远的一边,在更远处;(表示程度)超出,非所能及 Everybody was touch