形容词和副词.ppt

1、形容词,1.形容词的类别,a safe place rural life; urban life green trees a sheer nonsense a satisfying ending trained workers duty-free shops,(qualitative adj.),(classifying adj.),(colour adj.),(emphasizing adj.),(-ing adj.),(-ed adj.),(compound adj.),1.1 -ing形容词 VS. -ed形容词,-ing形容词通常表主动或正在进行； -ed形容词则通常表被动或已完成 a

2、 broken heart; an interesting book boiling water; boiled water Ex. As we all know, typing is a _ job to a _ heart. A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring,1.2 以-ly结尾的形容词,大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 （错） She sang lovel

3、y. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如： Daily newspapers are delivered daily.,1.3 易混淆的(同源)形容词,alone, lonely alive, living, live (a rat), lively（活泼的） alike, likable （可爱的）, l

4、ike, likely childlike（天真烂漫的）, childish（幼稚的） considerate, considerable continual（断断续续的）, continuous（连续不断的）,desirable（值得想望的）, desirous（想望的） dead, deadly, deathly（死一般的） efficient, effective, effectual（奏效的） electric( iron), electrical ( engineer) economic, economical exhaustive, exhausting healthy, heal

5、thful（有益健康的）,1.3 易混淆的(同源)形容词,historic（历史上著名的）, historical（与历史有关的） honorary（荣誉的）, honorable（可敬的） imaginable, imaginary（想象的）, imaginative（富有想象力的） intelligent, intelligible （可理解的） respectable, respectful, respective（分别的） sensitive, sensible valuable, valueless, invaluable,1.3 易混淆的(同源)形容词,2.形容词在句中的作用,He

6、 is a self-made man. ( ) His comments were well-meant. （ ） Do you think it necessary? （ ） He arrived at home, hungry and tired. （ ）,定语,表语,宾补,状语,2.1 表语形容词 VS. 定语形容词,a. 有一些形容词，特别是以a-开头的形容词，一般在句中只用作表语 (P385) The child is asleep. *This is an asleep child. b. 大部分形容词都可作定语，也可作表语，但有一部分形容词只能作定语(P387) This is

7、 an utter/sheer nonsense. *The nonsense is utter/sheer.,2.1 表语形容词 VS. 定语形容词,c. 有些形容词通常用作表语，但在个别情况下可用作定语 (P388) The new house is ready for occupation. 新屋可以居住了。 He gave a ready answer to my question. 他对答如流。,3.形容词的位置（PP389-392）,当几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时 一件新的漂亮的意大利黑皮夹克,限定描绘大长高， 形状年龄和新老， 颜色国籍跟材料， 作用类别往后靠。,美小圆旧黄， 中

8、国木书房,A beautiful new black Italian leather jacket,3.形容词的位置（PP389-392）,个别形容词常放在所修饰词的后面 I had an interview with the governor elect. 有些形容词可以放在名词前，也可放在名词后，意思有时不同 There was a concerned expression on his face. The secretary sent a memorandum to those concerned.,（关切的）,（相关的）,4. 形容词的比较级别（Degrees of Compariso

9、n）,a.不规则的比较级和最高级形式:old, far, late late, later, latter, latest, last I bought the _ edition of the journal. The _ half of his essay contains penetrating observation.,latest,latter,later, latest (表示时间); latter, last (表示顺序),4. 形容词的比较级别,b. 有些形容词没有比较级和最高级: unique, favorite, perfect, extreme, initial, sup

10、reme, final, infinite, ultimate, recent, inferior, superior, matchless, maximum, minimum 这一类词一般也不用程度副词来修饰 * very perfect,4. 形容词的比较级别,c. 并不是所有的比较级都必须与than搭配，有些形容词原型已具有比较意义，后面要接to： superior / inferior + to senior / junior + to He is three years junior to me. I think Yaoming is superior to other basket

11、ball players.,4. 形容词的比较级别,d. 形容词比较级的特殊用法(1) no more than = only “仅” not more than = at most “至多” no more than = neither nor “和一样不” not more than = less than “不如” no less than = as much / many as not less than = at least “至少” no less than = as as “与一样” not less than = more than “比更”,You are _ careful

12、 than your brother. You two cant do the work that needs care and skill. A. not moreB. no more C. not lessD. no less,e. 形容词比较级的特殊用法(2) He was more diligent than clever. I was more than content with what you said. He is more than a friend of mine. Cf. other than（除了）, rather than（而不是） I know better tha

13、n to quarrel with him.,4. 形容词的比较级别,同级比较(PP400-401) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you. 当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词+as或as + many/much +名词+as。 This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。,4. 形容词的比较级别,同级比较：asas结构的特殊用

14、法 My brother is as brave as wise. ( ) My brother is not so much brave as wise. ( ) He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful,与其说还不如说,bothand,4. 形容词的比较级别,他英俊而他妻子也美丽。,使用比较级时应注意的问题,a. 比较的对象问题 Canada is larger than any country in North America. Canada is larger than any other country in North America

15、. Most of the highways in America are wider than Europe. Most of the highways in America are wider than those in Europe.,使用比较级时应注意的问题,b. 省略问题 The house is not so expensive as the other one is. Its colder in Wuhan than it is in Guangzhou. c. 对比的一致性问题 It is easier to make a plan than carrying it out.

16、It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.,5. 形容词的最高级,a. 形容词最高级前可用much, by far, quite far, nearly, almost等来修饰；但使用very来修饰时，必须是：the very + 形容词最高级。 It was of the very highest quality.,b. 形容词最高级前不加the的情况 当形容词的最高级不表示比较，仅表示一种程度，意为“非常”时。 Thats most kind of you. 当最高级形容词作表语，并且主语不与别的人或事物作比较，而是同自身不同时期的情

17、况相比较时。 We are usually busiest on Mondays.,5. 形容词的最高级,6.too修饰形容词,too to 结构表示肯定含义的情况 a. too后若修饰eager, anxious, kind, ready, willing, happy, glad等词时 They are too anxious to leave. 他们急于离开。 b. 当too前或to前有否定词时 English is not too difficult to learn. He is too wise not to see that.他很聪明,不会不懂这一点.,c. 与cant或can

18、never连用时 One can never be too careful in ones work. 一个人工作越细心越好。 （=无论怎样细心也不过分）,6.too修饰形容词,副 词,1. 副词的类别,2.副词在句中的作用,They spoke very highly of him. The light is still on. Keep your coat on if you feel cold. Please forward my letters to the above address.,（状语）,（表语）,（宾补）,（定语）,3.副词的位置与排列顺序,时间、地点副词，小单位的在前，大

19、单位在后。 Ill call on you at ten oclock next Wednesday. 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 多个不同副词排列：程度+方式+地点+时间副词。 We worked very hard in the factory yesterday.,Spot the mistakes,I never have heard this song. Ill meet you this afternoon at three. He is enough old to unders

20、tand it.,程度副词（如very, much, too, so, quite, rather, pretty）通常置于被修饰语之前，但enough须置于被修饰语之后。,频率副词（如always, usually, often, seldom）通常置于助动词与主动词之间。,小单位副词在前，大单位副词在后。,Spot the mistakes,He is respected highly by his colleagues. The music sounds too loudly. Are you happy? I am certainly.,highly为程度副词，应放在所修饰的词之前。,

21、 连系动词（如be, seem, appear, look, sound, taste, smell, feel, become, turn）后面需接形容词, 在省略句中，副词应放在助动词或情态动词之前。,4.易混淆的(同源)副词,close与closely He is sitting _ to me. Watch him _. close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” direct, directly The next flight doesnt go _ to Rome, it goes by way of Paris. Answered me _. direct作“直线

22、地，不绕圈子地”解，directly作“直接地”或“立即”、“马上”解。,close,closely,direct,directly,4.易混淆的(同源)副词,late 与lately You have come too _. What have you been doing _? late意思是“晚”；lately 意思是最近“ deep与deeply He pushed the stick _ into the mud. Even father was _ moved by the film. deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度； deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地,late,lat

23、ely,deep,deeply,4.易混淆的(同源)副词,high与highly The plane was flying _. I think _ of your opinion. high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much wide与widely He opened the door _. English is _ used in the world. wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，在许多地方,high,highly,wide,widely,4.易混淆的(同源)副词,free与freely You can eat _ in my restaurant

24、whenever you like.You may speak _; say what you like. free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。,free,freely,5. 相近副词用法举例,（1）some time/ sometime/sometimes It will take _ to tell you the whole story I will tell you _ or other The weather is cold and changeableNow it rains，now it snows，_ it hails,some time,someti

25、me,sometimes,5. 相近副词用法举例,（2）quite, rather, fairly, very, pretty fairlyquiterather/pretty (informal)very 只有rather一词能和比较级或too连用, 如： rather warmer, rather too sure(有点太自信) 但可以说quite better，指病完全好了。 只有quite和rather可以用在冠词前，并可以直接修饰动词。如： quite/rather a good film I quite/rather like her.,只有quite可以用来修饰一些“没有程度差别

26、”的词，如：perfect, impossible, dead等，表示completely或absolutely的意思。 fairly和rather还有如下区别： fairly表示对事物的赞赏，有令人喜悦之感，多与褒义词或中性词连用；而rather在修饰中性词或贬义词时表示对事物的不赞赏，有令人不悦之感；但在修饰褒义词时起加强作用。如： Its fairly warm today.（ ） Its rather cold yesterday.（ ）,5. 相近副词用法举例,今天真暖和,昨天实在冷,would/d rather would/d rather sb. did/had done sth

27、. I would rather you went home now。 (present time) I would rather you had stayed with us yesterday. (past time) would/d rather do A than do B (不做B，做A) would/d rather not do A than do B (不做A，做B),5. 相近副词用法举例,（3）so, such such 是形容词，修饰名词；so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 当such修饰带形容词的单数可数名词时，结构为such a/anadjn，相当于soadja/ann。如： such a nice flower so nice a flower such还可以修饰复数名词和不可数名词。如： such interesting novels such great progress 但当名