英语阅读理解猜词技巧.ppt

1、阅读技能训练 猜测词义 How to guess the meaning of words?,Teaching Aim:to master some skills of guessing the meaning of a word to improve reading ability,一Lead-in 朗读：让将来的你感谢现在努力的自己,”Always remember that your present situation is not your final destination. The best is yet to come. - Unknown If your life isnt w

2、here you want it to be, change it. Its what successful people have done for thousands of years. You may currently be struggling and frustrated with your life but its not going to stay like this forever, that is, unless you dont do anything to change it. he best time of your life may still be ahead o

3、f you but it wont just magically show up, you have to create it. Its in your power to create whatever future you want for your life. Even if your best days are truly behind you, you can still have plenty of great days ahead of you if you decide to make it so. Instead of letting circumstances control

4、 and defeat you, use them to push you into action so that you can change your present situation. Bad times arent going to last forever but if you want more great times ahead of you instead of just good times, its time to start doing things that will make that a reality its time to work toward your i

5、deal destination.,根据文章释义： Destination: final situation Currently：now Frustrate：get sb down show up:appear Circumstance:situation,A. 题型概述 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧,词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会顺藤摸瓜,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外,这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种: 1.在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。 2

6、.专业化程度较高的词。 3.生僻词。 4.常用代词。 此类题旨在考查考生在特定语境中理解词(短语、句子)的能力以及通过上下文或构词法猜测超纲词汇或表达方式的意义的能力。因此,考生所掌握的词汇量的大小直接影响到这类题的得分率。,B. 常见设问形式 1.The underlined phrase in the second paragraph could be replaced by . 2.The underlined word in the first paragraph probably means. 3.What is the meaning of the underlined word

7、in the second paragraph? 4.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word 5.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to? 6.What do you think the expression stands for? 7.Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? 8.Accor

8、ding to the passage, the underlined word is known as .,C. 选项特点 1.正确选项的特点 (1)相应词语的同义词语。 (2)对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。 2.干扰项的特点 (1)对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。 (2)故意丢三落四。 (3)半对半错。 (4)曲解原意。 这些干扰项有时会使用较多原句中的表达方式,给人似是而非的误导,考生要多加,The ways to guess the meaning of a word,1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person. 2. When

9、the little boy finished, his father was speechless. 3. If some athletes use drugs, it is unfair to the others.,一.根据构词法猜词,首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-, im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。,dis+honest,speech+less 说不出话的,un+fair,1. It will be very hard but also very brittle that is , it will break easily.

10、2. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students. 3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.,二.根据释义猜词,释义常由定语从句或由is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called，be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。,脆的,冒名替考者,日历,三.根据同义词关系猜词,He replied

11、 quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. 2. Your ideas are so nebulous that they are not clear to me.,and , or , such as, like, for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。,匆忙的,不清楚的,四. 根据对比和转折关系,1. Although the early morning had been very co

12、ol, the noonday sun was tropical. 2. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.,表转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though 等。,小结,热的,恶化,1.The clock is so accurate that it will never lose a second in more than 200 million years. 2. All

13、 his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.,徒劳的，无效的,五.根据因果关系猜词,精确的,常用关联词如: because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so that, such that 等表示前因后果。,六. 根据生活常识或经验,1. In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring

14、with themselves plenty of dowry. 2. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought. 3. The snake slithered through the grass.,嫁妆,旱灾,爬行, 滑行,七.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 英语文章中的代词one, it, that, them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物。,典例2014安徽,E You ma

15、y not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers seeking to solve(

16、解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.,When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educate

17、d the poor people in the city to compost(把制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refus

18、ed, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.,73.The underlined word them inParagraph 3 probably refers to . A.the local farmers B.Masqsood and Iftekhar C.Drayton and his team D.the poor people in Dhaka,解析考查代词指代。在1995年

19、,Masqsood和Iftekhar教城里的穷人把垃圾制成堆肥,因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场。起初他们遭到了拒绝,但是当他们使这些人信服这样做有钱可赚时,这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代the poor people in the city。故选D。 答案D,How to guess the meaning of words?,随堂练 1. She asked the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long. 2. Although people in many countries consider raw meat de

20、licious, we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. 3. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. 4. Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym.,修剪,未烹饪的,冒

21、充顾客在商店行窃的人,笔名, 化名,5. The fisherman make their canoes from trees. They go from island to island in these light boats and collect trutles eggs. 6. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.,5. 独木舟,6. 投降,7. The shop sells stat

22、ionery, such as pens, pencils, paper, envelopes, and so on. 8. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 9. This boss wanted privacy because he knew that being alone would help him solve his problem. 10. The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They

23、 came together to listen to the headmaster announce the results of the sports meeting.,7文具,8. 全神贯注的,9. 清净,10. 聚集,11 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 12. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.,牧羊人,郊区

24、, 城外,13. A stunt person is a man or woman who does all the dangerous bits of acting work in films or on TV. 14. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. 15. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.,特技演员,工作, 职业,有害的,16.(2016,四川）In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. . In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making