牛津深圳版英语八下Chapter3Environment语法解析

1、chapter 3 environmentusing adjectives teachingaims1. get the students to continue to learn the use of adjections.2. get the students to practise using adjections.在上一单元，我们学习了形容词的三大功能（即：定语、表语和宾语补足语）和两个句型（即：its + 形容词+ ( for sb) + to do / 主语 + be + 形容词 + to do）。我们还学习过形容词的其他用法，如：形容词的比较等级的用法。( 注意：副词也有比较等级

2、，副词的比较等级用法和形容词相同)形容词的比较等级是初中英语的重要语法项目，也是中考的热点问题。现在我们就形容词和副词的比较等级的常考知识点作复习和归纳。 i. 形容词的比较等级：大多数的形容词有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。原级即形容词的原形。比较级和最高级的变化，分规则变化和不规则变化两种。（1） 规则变化。单音节词和部分双音节词的变化如下表：构成法原级比较级最高级一般加-er, estlongcoldlongercolderlongestccoldest以 结尾的词，只加-r , -stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾，前面的元音读短

3、音时，要双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er , -estbigfatbiggerfatterbiggestfattest以辅音字母加 结尾的词，改y 为 i ，再加-er , -esteasybusyeasierbusiereasiestbusiest部分双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 或 来构成比较级和最高级：原级 比较级 最高级slowly more slowly most slowlybeautiful more beautiful most beautiful（2） 不规则变化如下表：原级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , ill worseworstmany

4、, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest , farthestoldolder , elderoldest , eldestii. 形容词和副词比较等级的用法：（1） 表示两者之间的比较时，用“形容词比较级 + than”句型。the sun is bigger than the earth.（2） 表示两者以上的比较时，用“the + 形容词最高级（ + 名词）+ of(in) “的句型。my brother is the tallest in his class. (3) 表示两者是同等程度，用“as +形容词原级/

5、副词 + as”句型, 意思是“ 和 一样”。表示两者不同程度时，用“not so (as) + 形容词原级 / 副词 + as”的句型，意思是“不如”.它可与比较级互换。this book as good as that one.li ping is not as old as wei fang.swimming is not as interesting as fishing. = fishing is more interesting than swimming.试分析下列练习：1. my coat is _ than yours.a. expensive b. more expensi

6、ve c. much more expensive d. much expensive 2. shanghai is one of _ cities in our country.a.large b. larger c. largest d. the largest3. which subject is _ , math or english?a.easy b. easier c. easyer d. easiest4. of all the students in our class, betty write _.a. very careful b. the most careful c.

7、the most carefully d. more carefully5. jack doesnt jump so _ as his brother.a. high b. higher c. highest d. more high6. it was _ cold yesterday. a. terrible b. terribly more terrible d. most terrible(4) 常用的一些原级比较的结构还有：1. “as many / much as” 意思为“同数量的 ; 一样多”。 he has as much money as john. you can sell

8、 as many newspapers as i.2. “ as many / long / high as + 数字”表示“多达 （ 长达、高达）”.。 i have learned english for as long as 15 yeaars. the building costs ran up to as much as 20 million yuan.3. the same as / different from / like; 当我们要表达“某一事物与另一事物相同时，用“ a is the same as b”句型。当我们要表达某一事物和另一事物不同时，用“a is differ

9、ent from b” 句型。当我们要表达某一事物与另一事物相像时，用“a is like b” 句型。 my watch is the same as yours. toms coat is different from nicks. mr wangs car is like my fathers. 这三个结构中所使用的动词多为be, 但有时也用look, sound, taste, seem 等系动词。that girl looks like her mother.this song sounds different from the one i like. the same as 也可分

10、解为the same as, same 后面通常跟age, kind, length, colour, height, size, amount 等名词。有时the same as 也可与as as 互换使用。 the ruler is the same length as that one. = this ruler is as long as that one.试完成下面的练习：1. david 和 simon 一样高。david is _ ( tall). = 2. david 的体重不如simon. david is _(heavy).=3. 我的书不如你的书多。i dont have

11、 _ _ _ as you.4. 格林一家和怀特一家扔掉的垃圾一样多。the greens throw away _ _ rubbish _ the whites.5. 这次事故中多大一百人丧生。_ _ _ 100 people were killed in the accident.6. 一天的费用可高达500 元。the cost of one day can be _ _ _ 500 yuan.7. 这两姐妹看上去一样。the two sisters _ _ _.8. 这条裙子与那一条不同。this skirt is _ _ _ that one.9. 听起来像个好主意。that _ _

12、 a good idea.10. 两顶帽子一样。the two hats _ _ _. = 11. 我和你年纪一样。i am _ _ _ _ you. = 近年来在中考出现的对形容词和副词的比较等级的考查举例如下：考点一：对比较级的考查1. mike looks _ than paul, but they are the same age.a. youngest b. the youngest c. younger d. very young形容词后面有than时，应该用形容词的比较级形式。应选c.2. in the exam, the more careful you are, _ mist

13、akes you will make.a. the fewer b. the fewest c. the less d. the least“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”是比较级的一个固定句型，表示“越 , 就越”。 由此可排除b, d 两项；又因为mistake 是可数名词，不能用less 修饰，所以选a.3. i love shenzhen because it is becoming _a. more and more beautiful b. beautiful and beautifulc. clean and clean d. more and clean“比较级+ a

14、nd + 比较级”也是比较级的一个固定句型，表示“越来越” ; 如果是多音节的形容词，则用“more and more + 形容词原形”所以选a.。考点二：考查比较级的修饰语4. “please dont be angry with me,” said amy laughingly. this make me even _.a. angry b. angrier c. angriest根据题干的逻辑结构和程度副词even 的使用，应填形容词的比较级形式，所以选b。比较级可以被表示程度的副词或短语修饰，这些表示程度的修饰语主要有even, still, far, much, a lot , a

15、bit, a little, any 等。考点三：对形容词最高级的考查5. beijing, the capital of china, is one of _ cities in the world.a. the biggest b. bigger c. much bigger d. big“be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词（复数）+ 范围”是最高级的一个固定句型，意为“ 是最 之一”，所以选a.用所给词的正确形式填空：1. whos _ ( tall ) , kitty or mary?2. the changjiang river is one of the _

16、( long ) rivers in the world.3. the chinese people have a much _ ( good ) life now.形容词和副词比较等级专练teaching aimget the students to practise using adjections.i. 根据句子的意思，从括号中选择正确的内容填空，使句子完整，通顺：1 its very cold today, but it seems to be _ tomorrow. ( colder, coldest)2. he has _ homework to do than i today.

17、( much , more)3. my room is twice _ than my sisters .( large , larger )4. this coat is much _ than that one. ( expensive , more expensive)5. chapter 2 is _ of all the chapters in this books.6. she is _ among the girls. ( heavier , the heaviest)7. tom wrote as _ as ken. ( careful , carefully )ii. 用括号

18、中所给单词的适当形式填空：1. exercise one is _ (easy ) than exercise two.2. please listen to the teacher _ ( careful ).3. i dont think it is a difficult math problem. he can work it out ( easy).4. shenzhen is one of _ ( beautiful ) cities in our country.5. july and august are the _ ( hot ) months in a year.6. he

19、 is too tired to go any _ ( far ).7. which jacket is _ ( expensive) , the blue one , the green one or the brown one.8. read this passage as _ ( quick ) as you can.9. there is _ （little ）milk in this glass than in that one.10. jack doesnt jump so _ ( high ) as tom.iii. 选择填空：1. which pen do you like _

20、 , the red one or the black one?a. good b. better c. gooder d. best2. tom draws _ . he draws _ than mike and john. he draws _ among the three boys.a. good, better, best b. well, better , best c. good, good, best d. well, well, better3. he is _ enough to go to school.a. older b. oldest c. big d. old4

21、. that was one of _ moments of that year.a. exciting b. more exciting c. the most exciting d. most exciting5. look! he is running _ .a. faster and faster b. fast and fast c. fastest and fastest d. fastly and fastly6. do you get up _ your parents?a. early b. earlier c. as early as d. as earlier as7. do you speak english _ your parents?a. best than b. well than c. as good as d. as w