外研版选修6Module5 Grammar语法虚拟语气.ppt

1、Module5 Grammar,语法专题突破,品味语法 1If I had ticket，I would go to the concert. If I were you，I could take his advice. 2If you had worked hard，you would have passed the final examination. 3If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off. If I should come tomorrow，I could see the general manager

2、.,虚拟语气() 虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所说的内容往往是与事实相反的，或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于毫无可能。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。,I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更细心一些。 If I had had more time，I would have done the work better. 我要是当时时间再多点，这工作就会做得更好。 Would you mind if I closed the window? 我把窗户关上，您介意吗

3、？,一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 虚拟条件句的条件和结果都在同一时间范畴之内，其谓语动词的主要形式如下：,虚拟条件句使用时的注意事项： 1当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If the doctors hadnt tried their best to save you，you wouldnt be standing here now. 如果医生不全力抢救你，你现在就不会站在这儿了。,2.若条件状语从句中包含有were，had，should，有时可把if省略掉，把were，had，sho

4、uld放在主语前，构成倒装句。 If I were twenty now，I would join the army. Were I twenty now，I would join the army. 如果我现在二十岁，我就参军。 If we had made a great effort，we might have succeeded. Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded. 如果我们(过去)做了很大的努力的话，我们可能就会获得成功了。,If Mr.Wang should call，what would you say? Sho

5、uld Mr.Wang call，what would you say? 万一王先生打来电话，你怎么说呢？ If I were to do it，I would use a different way. Were I to do it，I would use a different way. 如果要我做，我就换个方式。,二、含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过一个介词短语(without , but for )来引出. Without electricity，human life would be quite different today. 如果

6、没有电，人类现在的生活就会是另外一个样子了。 The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. 要不是船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。,.用所给词的适当形式填空 1If I _(study)medicine ten years ago，I would be a doctor now. 答案：had studied 2If I _(be)you，I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 答案：were,3Without water in

7、 the world，everything _(die) 答案：would die,.单项填空 1(2011年高考北京卷)Maybe if I _ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help. AstudiedBwould study Chad studied Dwas studying 解析：选C。 句意：也许如果我那时学理而不是文，我现在就能给你更多的帮助。本题考查虚拟语气，如果与过去事实相反，条件从句的时态：haddone，故选C。,3The weather has been very hot

8、 and dry. Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. Awouldnt die Bdidnt die Chadnt died Dwouldnt have died 解析：选D。 句意为：“天气又热又干燥。”“是的。要是稍微下点儿雨，现在的情况就会更好一些！那样我的蔬菜就不会死掉了。”,4Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you. Acan manage

9、 Bcould have managed Ccould manage Dcan have managed 解析：选B。 句意为：谢谢你上周的努力工作，要是没有你，我想我们不可能做成这件事。“不可能做成”，但事实上已经做成了，故须用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。,5The couple feel more comfortable on a ship than they would do if they_any other way. Atravel Bare traveling Ctraveled Dhave traveled 解析：选C。 这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句使用一般过去时。,

10、6Had you followed the doctors advice，you would be much better now.But you_. Adont Bhavent Chadnt Ddidnt 解析：选D 句意为：如果你听医生的话，你现在感觉会好得多。但你却没听。,7Thank you for giving me a hand.I_in the experiment without your valuable help. Ahave failed Bwill fail Cwould have failed Dmust have failed 解析：选C 句意为：谢谢你帮我。没有你

11、的帮助我的实验就会失败。由题意可知，帮助是发生在过去，故为与过去事实相反的假设，所以应该用would have done结构，故选C。,8If the weather_more favorable，the crops_still better now. Awere；would have grown Bhas been；would be growing Chad；would have grown Dhad been；would be growing 解析：选D 句意为：如果天气更有利些，也许庄稼现在能长得更好。条件句表示与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语用had过去分词，而主句表示与现在事实相反

12、，谓语would动词原形。本题用进行时态表示“庄稼长势正旺”。,9If you_that movie last night，you would not be so sleepy now. Ahavent watched Bdidnt watch Cwouldnt have watched Dhadnt watched 解析：选D 考查错综虚拟语气。条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。,10_to do the work，I should do it some other day. AIf were I BI were CWere I DWas I 解析：选C 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，

13、从句用倒装。,语法专题突破,品味语法 1He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before. 2I wish I had a big house. 3He insisted that the old man (should) be sent to hospital at once.,自我探究 例句1，as if后面所表示的不是事实的话，从句谓语使用虚拟语气，表现在用一般过去时，表过去用过去完成时；例句2，wish 后跟宾语从句，表示愿望，也常用虚拟语气，表示现在的愿望用一般过去时；例句3，在某些特定动词后面的宾语从句谓语用(s

14、hould) do形式。,虚拟语气 () 1would rather 之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示宁愿让别人做某事。 (1)用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。 Id rather you went home now. 我宁愿让你现在就回家。 Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came next weekend. 明天别来，我宁愿你下个周末来。,(2)用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。 Id rather you hadnt done that. 我真希望你没做过那件事。 2在动词wish后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句中的谓语动词

15、有以下三种形式：,3.(1)当主句的谓语动词为表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，如suggest(建议)，propose(提议)，recommend(建议)，move(提议)，advise(建议)，insist(坚持要求)，ask(要求)，require，request(要求)，demand，desire，order，command(命令)，decide，intend(打算)，prefer(宁愿)，urge(催促)时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should动词原形”(should可省略)。,I suggest that we (should) hold a m

16、eeting tonight. 我建议我们今晚开个会。 They insisted that he (should) begin the work at once. 他们坚持让他立刻开始工作。 He ordered that all people (should)take part in the work. 他下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。 He asked that he (should) be given an opportunity to try. 他要求给他一个尝试的机会。 I move that the money (should) be used for books. 我提议把这笔

17、钱用于买书。,They urged that we (should) take action on this matter immediately. 他们极力主张我们对这件事立即采取行动。 注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持声称”时，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。 (2)在句型“It is/was过去分词that从句”中，当过去分词为“suggested，ordered，desired，,insisted，required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged”等时，从句中要用“should动词原形”(shoul

18、d可省略)。 It is desired that everyone(should) get everything ready by tonight. 要求每一个人在今晚之前要将一切准备好。 It is requested that Miss Zhang (should) give a performance at the party. 请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。,(3)在表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词，如advice，order，request，requirement，suggestion，command，necessity，importance，idea，plan，motion(提

19、议)，proposal(建议)，recommendation(建议)，understanding(协议)等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should动词原形”(should可省略)。 I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.,我提出了我们下星期开会的建议。(同位语从句) His suggestion that the meeting(should)be held in this room has been accepted. 他的关于在这个房间召开会议的建议被采纳了。(同位语从句) My idea is that

20、we(should)get more people to attend the conference. 我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句),4(1)在句型“It is/was形容词that从句”中，当形容词为“important，necessary，strange，natural，essential，urgent(紧要的)，proper(适当的)，appropriate(合适的)”等时，从句中要用“should动词原形”(should可省略)。 It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign languag

21、e. 掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。 It is strange that he(should)refuse your help. 他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。,(2)在句型“It is/was名词that从句”中，当名词为“a pity，a shame，no wonder”等时，从句中谓语动词表示过去的动作，要用“should动词原形”，should表示出人意料，常译成“竟然”。 It is a great pity that he should be so selfish. 真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。,(3)在句型“It is(high)time(that)从句”中，从句中需用虚

22、拟语气，从句谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形(should不可省)，表示“现在该做某事了”。 It is(high)time(that)we went home.我们该回家了。 还可表示为：It is time for sb.to do sth.。 到了某人该做某事的时候了。,5由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时，意思是“好像”，这时从句中常用虚拟语气。其从句谓语动词用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反。 The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her ow

23、n child. 那位老师对待那个学生就像对待自己的孩子。,注意：如果说话人讲的事与事实相符。as if从句中用陈述语气。 It looks as if its going to rain.看起来要下雨了。 6if only引导的感叹句，表示“如果就好了”，可使用虚拟语气，也可用于陈述语气。 If only I had taken her advice last week. I wish I had taken her advice last week. 如果上星期我听从她的建议就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早点来。,注意：only if引导条件句，表示“只有”

24、；only起到强调作用。,.用所给词的适当形式填空 1Our teacher has loved us as if we _(be)her children. 答案：were 2He suggested that a meeting _(hold)to discuss the issue. 答案：(should)be held 3If only I _(meet)that film star yesterday.,答案：had met 4My idea is that we _(think)it over before accepting it. 答案：should think 5Your p

25、ale face suggests that you _(be)ill. 答案：are 6I would rather they _(not hear)of the news. 答案：hadnt heard,7She speaks English so fluently as if she _(study)English in America. 答案：had studied 8It is necessary that he _(send)there immediately. 答案：(should)be sent 9I wish I _(know)what is happening there

26、in his room. 答案：knew 10The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _(raise)by 15 percent. 答案：(should) be raised,.单项填空 1(2010年高考江苏卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he _ more on its culture. Afocus Bfocused Cwould focus Dhad focused 解析：选B would rather后接从

27、句时后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，用动词的过去式。,2The doctor recommended that you_ swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 解析：选D 考查虚拟语气。recommend，suggest，demand等后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用shoulddo，should可以省略。故这里选D项。,3My uncle suggests I _ abroad. I would rather you _ at home. Ago；stay Bwent；stayed Cgo；st