6 Lecture 6 Chapter5.ppt

1、English-Chinese Translation,Lecturer：Tracy (童洁萍),Chapter 5: Addition (增补法),Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Structural Addition (结构性增补) Part 3: Semantic Addition (语义性增补) Part 4: Rhetorical Addition(修辞性增补) Part 5: Assignments,Part 1,Introduction,Introduction,Addition means supplying necessary words in tr

2、anslation, making the version grammatically correct, semantically clear, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally appropriate. Words thus supplied must be indispensable syntactically, semantically, stylistically, and contextually.,presidential historian 总统的历史学家 研究总统的历史学家 For mistakes

3、 had been made, bad ones, he was severely criticized. 因为已经犯了错误，很严重，他受到了严厉的批评。 因为已经犯了错误，而且是很严重的错误，所以他受到了严厉的批评。,Part 2,5.1 Structural Addition (结构性增补),What is omitted or unnecessary in English maybe indispensible in Chinese, or vice versa. e.g. Adding words which indicate the tense I had believed that

4、 it was an accident, but it seems not. 我本以为是起事故，但现在看来不是。 auxiliary words which indicate the tone (语气助词) Dont take it so seriously. I just make fun of you. 不要当真嘛！我不过是跟你开玩笑罢了。 As for me, I have nothing to say. 我呢，也没有什么可说的了。,Adding quantifiers A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日在平静的海面上冉冉升起。 A

5、dding words which indicate the plural form Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. 一到夏季，旅游者纷纷涌到海滨城市。 The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。,Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训要好得多。 以人为镜,可以知得失。 意思是说把别人的成败得失作为自己的借鉴。 （唐太宗：人以铜为镜，可以正衣冠，以古为镜，可以见兴替，以

6、人为镜，可以知得失.）,5.1.1 Supplying words omitted or substituted in the original,The villagers are as ready to look after her as they were their own daughter. 村民们愿意照顾她，正如他们愿意照顾他们自己的女儿一样。,Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. (Of Studies by Francis Bacon ) Maketh（An arc

7、haic word for “make”) Full: perfect. e.g. get a full marks 得满分；a full member 正式成员 Conference: discussion Ready: 准备；乐意的，e.g., a ready helper 乐于助人者；the ability to think quickly快的，迅捷的；机灵的，e.g. to give a ready reply脱口而出的答案 exact here means careful and thorough in what one does 严谨的,精密的, e.g., be exact in

8、 ones statement or words 说话严谨的。 读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，摘记使人严谨。 3. Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. (Abeunt studia in mores.) 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。 Abeunt studia in mores: Studies pass

9、 into character (Latin) 凡有所学，皆成性格。,5.1.2 Supplying words necessary in structure or collocation of the T.T.,Life insurance premiums increase with the age of the insured. 人寿保险的保费随被保险人年龄的增加而提高。 They build roads, houses, bridges, ships, pipelines and canals. 他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。,5.2 Semantic Addition,

10、Part 3,5.2.1 Supplying supplementary nouns (category words),In E-C translation, it is necessary to supply supplementary nouns when translating English abstract nouns derived from verbs or adjectives. to develop 发展 development 发展水平（情况） To prepare 准备 preparation 准备工作 Emergent 紧急的 emergency 紧急情况 Tense

11、紧张的 tension 紧张局势,5.2.1 Supplying supplementary nouns (category words),They are sanguine about building up a near peace. 他们对建立一种准和平局面非常乐观。 In the summer of 1969, the Administration publically urged an easing of tension with China. 1969年夏天，政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。 The fighters are able to cope with various e

12、mergency. 这些战士们能对付各种各样的紧急情况。,5.2.2 Supplying supplementary verbs to explain the meaning of nouns,Im really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview. 我今天上午的确很忙，要上两节课，开一个会，还要接受一个采访。 There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets of fl

13、owers. 没有人发表演说，没有外国外交官到场，也没有中国群众挥舞纸旗、花束的场景。 After the banquets, the concerts, and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 参加完宴会，出席过音乐会，观看了乒乓球表演赛之后，他还得起草最后公报。,5.2.3 supplying summarizing words,summarizing words：words like 这，那，这一切，所有这些，上述各项，凡此种种，如下事实 （extra-

14、position elements外位成分） The Chinese subject and the predicate will thus be closer and sentence clearer. (see p134) E.g. The foreign ministers of China, Russia, Japan and the U.S. met in Tokyo. 中、俄、日、美四国外长在东京会晤。 China is willing to exchange views with any countries, politically, culturally and economi

15、cally. 中国愿意同任何国家在政治、文化、经济等各个方面进行交流。 Note that the words “insurance” and “market” require definition. 注意，“保险”和“市场”这两个词需要定义。,5.2.4 supplying illustrative words or expressions,Le Monde, the BBC, the New York Times, the entire Arab press, all quote Heikal regularly at length. 世界报，英国广播公司，纽约时报和整个阿拉伯报界，都经常

16、大段引用海卡尔的话。 The death of the princess of Wales unleashed outpouring of newly-coined honorifics, for instance “a present-day Cinderella whose clock struck midnight all too soon.” 威尔士王妃戴安娜之死，导致有关她的新敬语如潮水般涌现出来，比如有人说她是“当今灰姑娘，只是午夜的钟声过早敲响”。,In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, th

17、e ping “ponged”. 四月份，全世界听到乒的一声；七月里，这乒声乓了一下。 根据中美建交的背景知识，把这段外交史话译为： 四月里，全世界听到中国乒的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国乓的一声把球打了回来。,Rhetorical Addition,Part 4,5.3 Rhetorical Addition,disintegration 土崩瓦解 ； loyalty 赤胆忠心； total exhaustion 筋疲力尽 far-sightedness 远见卓识 careful consideration 深思熟虑 feed on fancies 画饼充饥 with great eag

18、erness 如饥似渴 lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网 make a little contribution （捐款；捐助）添砖加瓦 on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕,5.3 Rhetorical Addition,As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 They were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humor when they were pleased

19、, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited. 事实上，她们都是非常不错的淑女；她们并不是不会谈笑风生，问题在于她们是否高兴；她们也不是不会待人和颜悦色，问题在于她们是否乐意；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大。 O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! 啊，汤姆，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是迥然不同了啊！,They had been through it all at his s

20、ide-the bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeat through the empty 1960s, until at last in 1980, they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph. 他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的厮杀，忍受过辛酸的失败，熬过了一事无成的六十年代，好不容易挨到了1980年，他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。,Then Lieutenant Grub launched into the old recruiting routine, “See, save a

21、nd serve! Free tour too all the ports in the world. A fine ship for a home. Three meals a day without charge You mustnt let such a golden opportunity slip by.” 于是，格拉布开始说起招兵的老一套话，“出去见见世面，为自己积攒点钱，又为国家出了力。免费周游世界所有的港口，一艘豪华船胜似家，一日三餐不要钱，千万不要坐失良机呀。“,Assignment,Part 5,Assignment,1. Pre-read chapter 6 2. Translate the following passage: I will tell you what literature is! No I only wish I could. But I cant. No one can. Gleams can be thrown on the secret, inklings given, but no more. I will try to give you an inkling. And, to do so, I will take you back into your own history,