神经脑、脊髓被膜

1、-1-Meninges 、Blood Vesselsof Brain & Spinal Cord meninges ofthe spinal cord (脊髓的被膜)1. spinal dura mater (spinal dura) (硬脊膜)a. epidural space (硬膜外隙)b. subdural space (硬膜下隙)peridural anesthesia硬膜外麻醉 extradural tumor 硬膜外肿瘤-2-3-epidural anaesthesia2. spinal arachnoid mater: (脊髓蛛网膜)a. subarachnoid space

2、(蛛网膜下隙)b. terminal cistern ( 终 池 ) lumbar puncture 腰椎穿刺3. spinal pia mater (软脊膜)denticular ligament(齿状韧带)-4-2. spinal arachnoid matersubarachnoid space-5- Meninges ofthe brain(脑的被膜)1. cerebral dura mater (硬脑膜)2. cerebral arachnoid mater (脑蛛网膜)3. cerebral pia mater (软脑膜)-6-1. cerebral dura mater (硬脑膜

3、)a. cerebral falx(大脑镰)b. cerebellar tentorium: (小脑幕)tentorial incisure (小脑幕切迹)hernia of tentorial incisure小脑幕切迹疝c. cerebellar falx (小脑镰)d. diaphragma sellae (鞍隔)-7-in.e. sinuses of dura mater (硬脑膜窦)confluence of sinus (窦汇)transverse s(横窦)sup.sagittal s. (上矢状窦)i-8-inf. petrosal sin. (岩下窦)int. jugular

4、 v. (颈内静脉)Cavernous sinus(海绵窦)sup. petrosal sin. (岩上窦)nf.sagittal s. (下矢状窦)straight sin. (直窦)颅后窝：枕骨大孔枕内隆凸颈静脉孔内耳门乙状窦沟颅前窝舌下神经管颅中窝内耳门乙状窦沟颈静脉孔枕骨大孔颅后窝舌下神经管枕内隆凸颅底（内面观）-9-10-11-f. cavernous sinus (海绵窦)Medial wall: internal carotid a. (颈内动脉) abducent n. (展神经)Lateral wall: oculomotor n.(动眼神经) trochlear n. (滑

5、车神经) ophthalmic n.(眼神经) maxillary n.(上颌神经)-12-2. cerebral arachnoid mater (脑蛛网膜)a. subarachnoid space (蛛网膜下隙)b. arachnoid granulations (蛛网膜粒)c. subarachnoid cisterns (蛛网膜下池)-13- Arteries of the brain (脑的动脉)血流量:心脑:15%.成人: 50-60ml/100g/min儿童: 96-126 ml/100g/min.耗氧量: 20%.a. internal carotid a. system (

6、颈内动脉系)b. vertebrobasilar a. system (椎基动脉系)-14-internal carotid a. system (颈内动脉系)vertebrobasilar a. system (椎基动脉系)-15- Branches of arteries of the braincortical branches (皮质支)central branches (中央支)-16- 1. branches of internal carotid a. system anterior cerebral a. (大脑前动脉)anterior communicating a. (前交

7、通动脉)middle cerebral a. (大脑中动脉)posterior communicating a. (后交通动脉)anterior choroidal a. (脉络膜前动脉)-17- 2. branches of vertebrobasilar a. systemposterior inferior cerebellar a. (小脑下后动脉)anterior inferior cerebellar a. (小脑下前动脉)labyrinthine a. (迷路动脉)superior cerebellar a. (小脑上动脉)posterior cerebral a. (大脑后动脉

8、)-18-19-cerebral arterial circle(Willis circle) (大脑动脉环)anterior cerebral a. (大脑前动脉)posterior cerebral a. (大脑后动脉)-20-middle cerebral a. (大脑中动脉)-21-22- spinal a. (脊髓的动脉)branches from vertebral a. anterior spinal a. (脊髓前动脉) posterior spinal a. (脊髓后动脉) Veins ofthe brain (脑的静脉) superficial veinsVeins ofb

9、raindeep veinsuperior cerebral v. (大脑上静脉)1. superficial veinsmiddle cerebral v. (大脑中静脉)inferior cerebral v. (大脑下静脉)-23-2. deep vein (深静脉)great cerebral v.(大脑大静脉) straight sinus (直窦)-24-superficial veinsdeep vein-25- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)CSF: 400-500ml/d,pH 7.4,70-170 mm H2Ospecific gravity = 1.003-1.008concussion of brain 脑震荡hydrocephalus 脑积水-26-Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF):interventricular foramen (室间孔)mesencephalic aqueduct (中脑水管)4th ventricle (第四脑室)lat.ventricle (侧脑室)3rd ventricle (第三脑室)正中孔外侧孔arachnoid space (蛛网膜下隙)-27-()()subarachnoid granulations (蛛网膜粒)superior sagitt