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1、ListeningGeneral Training ReadingNewInsightintoIELTSVANESSA JAKEMAN AND CLARE MCDOWELLPractice Test Cambridge University Press 20081ContentsListening Academic Reading Academic Writing SpeakingGeneralTraining Reading General Training Writing Recording script Answer keyAcknowledgements3817192030313638

2、 Cambridge University Press 2008ListeningSection 1 Questions 1101Questions 13Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.ExampleWhat time is it in Australia when the woman telephones?A B C9.00am 9.30am 10.00am1How many people can climb the bridge in one group?A B C612182How much does it cost for an adult t

3、o climb during the week?A $100B $169C $189How long does it take to climb to the top of the bridge?A one hourB two hoursC three hours3Questions 47Answer the questions below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.4 What are the climbers not allowed to take with them?5 What do the climbers rece

4、ive after the climb?Which TWO things must the climbers bring to wear?6 7 Cambridge University Press 20083ListeningQuestions 810Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Cambridge University Press 20084CUSTOMER ENQUIRIESCallers nameJulia 8Calling fromSeattl

5、e, USAEmail address9comDate of climb10ListeningSection 2Questions 11202Questions 11 and 12Choose TWO letters, AE.Which TWO things does the speaker mention about public clocks? The fact that they areA oldB accurateC usefulD beautifulE freeF noisyQuestions 1320Complete the table below.Write NO MORE TH

6、AN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.PUBLIC CLOCKS Cambridge University Press 20085CityNameFirst year of serviceSpecial featureFavourite aspect for speakerLondonBig Ben refers to the13 .1859Biggest bell in EnglandIt is very14 .Vancouver15 16 Whistle sounds on the quarter hourIt is charming

7、.StrasbourgStrasbourg Cathedral clock1842The clock tells the story of the17 .It is a18 .Tehran19 2005Run by a20 It is an unusual design.ListeningSection 3Questions 21303Questions 2126Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.RESEARCH METHODSQuestion 27Answer the question

8、below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for the answer.27 The students research will take place on a .Questions 2830Choose THREE letters, AG.Which THREE practical aspects of the research does the tutor highlight?A B C D E FGconducting street interviews selecting subjectsdeciding delivery methods record

9、ing addresses of subjects helping subjects respond deciding on a timescaleinterviewing neighbours Cambridge University Press 20086StrengthsWeaknessesIN THE LABORATORYe.g. medical researchThe environment is22 .It is easier to isolate key variables. The researcher can use23 .Constraints affect the eco

10、logical validity. Subjects must agree to participate, so there may be a possible distorting effecton 24 IN THE FIELD or21 setting,e.g. family researchGood ecological validityThere may be unwanted effects, e.g.25 in a sleep experiment.26 the research can be difcult.ListeningSection 4Questions 31404Qu

11、estions 3136Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.An electronic trail allows authorities to track rst, where your car went second, 31 you travelled.Electronic plates (E-plates)tted with ID Tagsend out a 35 cars identied from distance of 100 metresten-year 36 Questions

12、 3740How do the countries feel about E-plate trials?Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Countries37 United Kingdom38 United States39 Malaysia40 Australia Cambridge University Press 20087A in favour of triallingB no plans to trialC undecided on triallingTracking systems: reduce trafc accidentsand pr

13、omote 32 manage the trafcand reduce 33 discourage 34 and help police locate vehiclesAcademic ReadingREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 113, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Cambridge University Press 20088Robots with a sense of selfAt YaleUniversity, scientist

14、sTo give Nico the ability toreection in a mirror and Gold have created a humanoidrecognise himself, Kevinstanding beside it. Gold carried robot named Nico.WhenGold and his supervisor Brianout a range of different tasks, Nico sits in front of aScassellati equipped Nico withincluding juggling balls,wh

15、ile mirror and raises an arm,a video camera behind one ofNico movedhis arm around. he recognises the armhis eyes.They also gave him aNicos software was able to moving in the mirror as hisjointedarm with an attachedcorrectly classify the movements own. It may not sound likecomputerrunningsomecleverco

16、rresponding to his own much of a feat, but he hassoftware.When Nico points hisreection and those of Gold just become the rst of hiscamera eye at the mirror, the95% of the time.kind to recognise his ownsoftware assigns sections of theThe same system should also reection in a mirror.image a probabilit

17、y of beingmake it possible for robots to The ability to recognise yourself ,another or neither.Atrecognise their own limbs even reection is considered anthe same time, motion sensorsif they are damaged,or wearing important milestone in infantin Nicos arm tell the softwaredifferent clothes by correla

18、ting development and as a mark ofwhen heis moving.Whenevermovement detected by on-board self-awareness,sociability anda section of the image changescameras with those reported by intelligence in a non-humanat the same time as his motionsensors on their limbs,says Gold. animal. Nicos ability to perfo

19、rmsensors detect movement in theThis should help them carrythe same feat could pave thearm, he assigns that section aout tasks such as manipulatingwayfor more sophisticatedhigh probability of beingself.objects or let them adapt the robots that can recognise theirIf a section of the image shiftsway t

20、hey walk to a changing ownbodies even if they areand Nico detects no movementterrain, when conventional damaged or recongured.in his arm, he assigns that imagevision software can be fooled The achievement is one of asection a high probability ofby changes in appearance or cwluhsictehrroofbroectsenht

21、aivnesbtaengcuens tinobsecintigonasnaorthe elirk,ewlyhtiolebsetanteicither. environment.This allows him to recognise not The ability to tell self fromapproach themajor milestonesother should alsoallowin cognitivedevelopment. Ifonly his own moving limbs, butrobots to carry outmore robots can be taugh

22、t to movethose of other robots or people.sophisticated tasks, says Olaffrom one developmental stage to To test the self-recognitionSs, a cognitive scientist andthe next,as infantsdo,they maysoftware,Gold programmedroboticist at Indiana University eventually be capableof learning Nico to move his arm

23、 forin Bloomington. For instance, more complicatedtasks andfour minutes while lming itresearchers are investigating therefore become more useful to with his camera,allowing himimitation as a way of helping humans.Its less about recreatingto learn when movement ofrobots learn how to carry outa human

24、than making a human-his arm,detected by his armtasks.To successfully and safelycompatible being,says Mattsensors,corresponded to motionimitate someone, though, robots Berlin, a robotics researcherof the arm in the video.Nicowill need to distinguish between at Massachusetts Institute ofwasthen positi

25、oned so thattheir ownlimbs and those of Technology.he could see both his ownanother person, as Nico can.Academic ReadingQuestions 14Look at the following people (Questions 14) and the list of statements below. Match each person with the correct statement, AE.Write the correct letter, AE, in boxes 14

26、 on your answer sheet.1234Matt BerlinKevin GoldOlaf SsJesse Gray Cambridge University Press 20089A suggests that robots cannot yet discriminate between themselves and othersB thinks that research using robots can help us understand the skills young children need to developC wants robots to be able t

27、o respond to varying conditionsD is working on a number of different versions of a robotE is not trying to make a human being but a machine to help humansThe distinction between self will mistakenly look for the ability to model other peoples and other is a fundamental chocolate in the drawer.belief

28、s allows Leonardo to gain problem for humanoid robotics, Leonardo,developed by Cynthia a better understanding of theirsays S s.Breazeal together with Berlin goals.Meanwhile,a furry robot calledand colleague Jesse Gray,As well as helping to build Leonardo,built at MIT recently,uses face, image and vo

29、icebetter robots, such research reached another developmentalrecognition software running oncould ultimately enhance our milestone, the ability to graspan array of attached computersunderstanding of cognitive that someone else might believeto build a brain for himself development in infants. somethi

30、ng you know to bebasically a list of objects aroundDevelopmental milestones untrue.You can testthe capacityhim in the room and events thatsuch as self-recognition and for false belief in children byhe has witnessed.Whenever hemodelling other peoples beliefs showing them a scene in whichspots a new f

31、ace, he builds andare believed to be associated a child puts chocolate in astores anotherbrain whichwith the development of other drawer and goes away.While heprocesses information in theimportant capabilities, such as is out of sight,his mother moves same wayas his ownbutseesempathy and sociability

32、. By the chocolate somewhere else.the world from the new personsperforming feats associated Young children are incapablepoint of view.with these milestones,such of seeing the world throughWhen faced with the false-belief robotscouldhelpresearchersthe other childs eyes, and so test, Leonardo knows th

33、at the understand what capabilitiespredict that he will look for object has been moved and also infants need to reach them, the chocolate in the place his that a person who left the room saysS s.Itshows us that mother has left it. Only when before this would not know this. complex phenomena canthey

34、reach four or ve can they It is more than just a cute trick, sometimes be explained on thepredict that the other child however.Gray found that the basis of simple mechanisms.Academic ReadingQuestions 58Label the diagrams below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write you

35、r answers in boxes 58 on your answer sheet.56 robots arm tted with computer software andplaced inside robots head7robot lms own8 researcher performs separate actions, e.g.movementQuestions 913Complete the sentences below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answ

36、ers in boxes 913 on your answer sheet.9 Nico has reached a signicant developmental stage by identifying aas his own.10 Nico classies what he sees as being on the image or his sensors.11 Researchers are developing robots that can recognise broken if he detects no movementbelonging to them.12 Research

37、ers investigate13 Robotic research can help us learn about childrensamong youngsters using chocolate. Cambridge University Press 200810Academic ReadingREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1426, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Cambridge University Press 200811Co

38、nsumer behaviourA Consumerbehaviouris thebehaviour that consumers display in seeking,purchasing,using,evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their personal needs.The study of consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their ava

39、ilable resources (money, time and effort) on products and services. Consumer behaviour includes both mental decisions and the physical actions that result from those decisions. Although some social scientists limit their understanding ofbehaviourto observable actions, it is apparent thatthereasons a

40、nd decisions behind the actions involved in human (and consumer) behaviour are as important to investigate as the actions themselves.B People engage in activities for many purposes other than consumption but, when acting as a customer, individuals have just one goal in mind to obtain goods and servi

41、ces that meet their needs and wants. All consumers face varying problems associated with acquiring products to sustain life and provide for some comforts. Because solutions to these problems are vital to the existence of most people, and the economic well-being of all, they are usually not taken lig

42、htly.The process is complex, as choices must be made regarding what, why, how, when, where and how often to buy an item.C Take,for instance, the product bottled water amultimillion-dollar industry. Astudy ofconsumption behaviour in this area would investigate what kinds of consumers buy bottled wate

43、r,and why,when and where they buy it.The study might nd that, among some consumers, the growing use of bottled water is tied to concerns with tness; and, among others, with the quality of tap water.It might nd that domestic brands have a totally different image from imported brands, and that the rea

44、sons and occasions for usage vary among consumers. By contrast, a more durable product such as a document scanner would have a very different target market. What kinds of consumers buy, or would buy, a scanner for home use? What features do they look for? How much are they willing to pay? How many w

45、ill wait for prices to come down? The answers to these questions can be found through consumer research, and would provide scanner manufacturers with important input for product designmodication and marketing strategy.D The word consumer is often used to describe two different kinds of consuming ent

46、ities; the personal consumer and the organisational consumer. The personal consumer buys goods and services for his or her own use (e.g. shaving cream), for the use of the whole household (television set), for another member of the household (a shirt or electronic game) or as a gift for a friend (a

47、book). In all thesecontexts, the goods are bought for nal use by individuals who are referred to as end-users or ultimateconsumers.E The second category of consumer includes prot and non-prot businesses, public sector agencies (local and national) and institutions (schools, churches, prisons), all o

48、f which buy products, equipment and services in order to run their organisations. Manufacturing companies must buy the raw materials and other components to manufacture and sell their products; service companies must buy the equipment necessary to render the services they sell; government agencies b

49、uy the ofce products needed to operate agencies;institutions must buy thematerials theyneed tomaintain themselves and their populations.F The person who purchases a product is not always the sole user of the product. Nor is the purchaser necessarily the person who makes the decision or pays for the

50、product. Thus the marketplace activities of individuals entail three functions, or roles, as part of the processes involved in consumer behaviour. The three functions are the consumer, the person who consumes or uses the product or service; the purchaser, the person who undertakes the activities to

51、obtain the product or service; and the payer, the person who provides the money or other object of value to obtain the product or service. Marketers must decide whom to direct their marketing efforts toward. For some products or services, theyAcademic ReadingQuestions 1418Reading Passage 2 has seven

52、 paragraphs, AG. Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, AG, in boxes 1418 on your answer sheet.14 a description of the organisational consumer15 the reason why customers take purchasing decisions seriously16 reference to a way of re-using materials17 ways of exp

53、osing products to a range of potential customers18 a term used to describe someone who buys for the familyQuestions 1922Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1922 on your answer sheet. Cambridge University Press 200812M

54、arket researchMarket research carried out on non-durable products like19aims to nd out who buysthese goods and why. Researchers look at what motivates buyers, such as issues of personal20or environmental factors. They may discover that21are viewed differently from a local product.Alternatively, rese

55、arch on durable, manufactured goods is likely to focus more on pricing, and the results may help suggest appropriate changes to the22of the product, as well as showing how best to market it.must identify the person who is most likely to inuence the decision. Some marketers believe that the buyer of

56、the products is the best prospect, others believe it is the user of the product, while still others play it safe by directing their promotional efforts to both buyers and users. For example, some toy manufacturers advertise their products on childrens television shows to reach the users, others advertise in magazines to r