中医英语.ppt

1、WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region2006.102010.11,General,传统医学 中医学 东洋医学 Oriental medicine 汉方医学 Kampo medicine 韩医学 藏医学 Tibetan medicine 蒙医学 Mongolian traditional medicine 维医学 Uyghur medicine,中西医结合 Integration of traditional Chinese and Wester

2、n medicine 中医基础理论 Basic theory of Traditional Chinese medicine 中医诊断学 Traditional Chinese diagnostics 中药学 Traditional Chinese pharmacy 方剂学 Formula study 中药炮制学 Processing of herbal medicinals,中西医结合 integration of traditional and western medicine The different theory The different diagnostic methods Th

3、e different treatment How to do this in the clinic?,经络学 Meridian and collateral (study) 腧穴学 Acupuncture points 推拿学 Tuina 中医护理学 温病学 Warm disease (study) 养生 Life nurturing 中医养生学,康复 Rehabilitation 中医康复学 导引 Conduction exercise 考证学派 Classicist school 后世派 Gosei school a Kampo school in Japan, mainly relie

4、s on the five phase and meridian theory, the same as the latterday school 李朱医学 Li-Zhu medicine the medicine of Li Dongyuan and Zhu Danxi,Li Dongyuan, (also known as Li Gao; 1180-1252 A.D.) - Li is best known for his thesis that most diseases were due to injury to the stomach/spleen system, which occ

5、ured as the result of intemperance in eating and drinking, overwork, and the seven emotions. His well-known book Pi Wei Lun (Treatise on the Stomach and Spleen) presented one of the most widely used traditional formulas: Ginseng and Astragalus Combination (Buzhong Yiqi Tang).,Zhu Danxi (also known a

6、s Zhu Zhenheng; 1280-1358 A.D.)- Zhu believed that people suffered from chronic disease mainly due to overindulgence in pleasurable things and activities, resulting in debility of the yin essence. He therefore recommended temperence and use of tonic（滋补的） formulas, especially those that nourished the

7、 kidney and liver.,体质 Constitution 体质医学 Constitutional medicine 四象医学 Four-Constitution Medicine 四象人 Four constitution types 太阴人 Greater yin person 太阳人 少阴人 Lesser yin person 少阳人,针灸学 science of acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine 中医推拿学 science of tuina of traditional Chinese me

8、dicine 中医养生学 science of preservation of traditional Chinese medicine 中医康复学 science of rehabilitation of traditional Chinese medicine 中医护理学 science of nursery of traditional Chinese medicine,温病学 science of epidemic febrile disease of traditional Chinese medicine 药用植物学 pharmaceutical botany 中药化学 chemi

9、stry of Chinese materia medica 中药药理学 pharmacology of Chinese materia medica,中国医学史 Chinese medical history 中医文献学 Chinese medical literature 中医各家学说 theories of schools of traditional Chinese medicine 医案 medical record 中医师 traditional Chinese physician 中药师 traditional Chinese pharmacist,Basic Theories

10、of TCM,Essential Qi Theory, Yin-yang Theory, and Five Phase Theory Essence, Spirit, Qi, Blood, Fluid and Humor Viscera and Bowels Meridian and Collateral Body Constituents and Orifices of Sense Organ Cause of Disease Mechanism of Disease Others,Essential Qi Theory, Yin-yang Theory, and Five Phase Th

11、eory,Correspondence between nature and human Holism The human body as an organic whole. The human body is composed of a number of viscera, organs and tissues, which have their own respective functions. Every functions is a component of the general activity, and inter-influence pathologically.,Patter

12、n identification/ syndrome differentiation and treatment Syndrome differentiation and treatment determination are inseparable in the process of diagnosis and treatment of disease, and embody the combination of theory and practice.,yang yin yang within yin yin within yang 阳中之阳 阴中之阴 阴阳学说,opposition of

13、 yin and Yang mutual rooting of yin and yang waxing （增加） and waning（减少） of yin and yang yin-yang balance yin-yang harmony yin-yang conversion extreme yin resembling yang extreme yang resembling yin,阴胜则阳病 predominance/ excess of yin leading to disorder of yang/ yang disease; 阳胜则热 predominance of yin

14、leading to heat syndrome/disorder 阳损及阴 impairment of yang involving yin 寒极生热，重阴必阳 Extreme cold generates heat and extreme yin changes/transforms into yang.,五行学说 One of the philosophical theories of medical practice in ancient China, concerning the composition and evolution of the physical universe,

15、epitomized by the nature and the inhibition-generation relationships of the five phases, wood, fire, earth, metal and water, serving as the guiding ideology and methodology of physiology, pathology, clinical diagnosis and treatment, also known as five elements theory.,Wood One of the five phases wit

16、h which the season spring the color blue or green the taste sourness and the liver and gallbladder in the body are associated.,Fire One of the five phases with which the season summer the color red the taste bitterness and the heart and small intestine in the body are associated.,Earth One of the fi

17、ve phases with which the season of late summer the color yellow the taste sweetness and the spleen and stomach in the body are associated.,Metal One of the five phases with which the season autumn the color white the taste acridity-pungent and the lung and large intestine in the body are associated.

18、,Water (1) One of the five phases with which the season winter the color black the taste saltiness and the kidney and bladder in the body are associated; (2)Pathologic aspect of body fluid,Engendering (相)生 Generating wood engenders fire 火生土 土生金 金生水 水生木,Restraining (相)克 Controlling；Restricted Wood re

19、strains earth 土克水 水克火 火克金 金克木,Overwhelming (相)乘 Abnormally severe restraining of the five phases in the same sequence as normal restraining, also known as over-acting Rebellion (相)侮 Restraining opposite to that of the normal restraining sequence of the five phases, also known as insulting.,相乘相侮 over

20、-restriction ( subjugation) and reverse restriction (counter-restriction) 补其不足，泻其有余 Basic therapeutic principle in TCM is to reinforce insufficiency/deficiency and purge/reduce excess.,Inhibition and generation 制化 The engendering and restraining relationships for maintaining a relative balance and n

21、ormal coordination in the five phase theory. five constants 五常 A collective term referring to wood, fire, earth, metal and water in normal movement.,mother qi mother organ child qi mother and child affecting each other Influence of one phase exerted on the phase that it engenders or that engenders i

22、t sequentially. 母病及子 disorder of mother-organ involving its child-organ 子病犯母 illness of the child-organ affecting the mother one,Essence, Spirit, Qi,Blood, Fluid and Humor,innate essence prenatal（出生以前的）essence acquired essence postnatal （出生以后的） essence kidney essence,Mind mental activities, referrin

23、g to mentality, consciousness, thinking and feeling Spirit spiritual activities Vitality manifestations of vital functioning Essence-spirit state of mind or mood, reflection of the strength of essence, also called spirit or mind,Ethereal soul 魂 the moral and spiritual part of the human being Corpore

24、al soul 魄 the animating part of ones mind Ideation 意 act or power of thinking and forming ideas Will 志 mental power by which a person can direct his thoughts and actions,life gate 命门之火 Sovereign（元首）fire heart fire ministerial fire a kind of physiological fire originating in the kidney and attached t

25、o the liver, gallbladder and triple energizer, which, in cooperation with the sovereign fire from the heart, warms the viscera and promotes their activities. If this fire is hyperactive, it is also harmful to the body,Qi 先天之气 后天之气 healthy qi genuine qi the combination of the innate qi and the acquir

26、ed qi, serving as the physical substrata and dynamic force of all vital functions, also known as true qi,邪之所凑，其气必虚。 Six evils will attack the body and cause (the occurrence of )diseases when (or once) the antipathogenic qi of the body is deficient.,source qi 元气 the combination of the innate qi and t

27、he acquired qi, serving as the most fundamental qi of the human body; the same as original/primordial qi,ancestral qi 宗气 The combination of the essential qi derived from food with the air inhaled, stored in the chest, and serving as the dynamic force of blood circulation, respiration, voice, and bod

28、ily movements, the same as pectoral qi.,defense qi the qi that moves outside the vessels, protecting the body surface and warding off external pathogens, the same as defensive qi,nutrient qi the qi that moves within the vessels and nourishes all the organs and tissues, the same as nutritive qi fluid

29、 qi (1) the same as fluid; (2) the qi carried by fluid,visceral qi 腑气 心气 脾气 肾气 肝气 肺气 胃气 中气,qi transformation a general term referring to various changes through the activity of qi, namely the metabolism and mutual transformation between essence, qi, blood and fluids,qi movement movement of qi, including a