linux管理员操作教程.ppt

1、Basic knowledge about Linux, 2007/05/20,Main content,Linux Architecture The General Command Vi Text Editor Input - Output redirection Others,Linux Architecture,What is linux How Linux Is Different Linux Distributions Linux Components How Linux Organizes Data,What is Linux,Linux is an operating syste

2、m Properly speaking, the name Linux applies to the Linux kernel Linux kernel not the entire operating system Red Hat Enterprise Linux is entire operating system,How Linux Is Different,Linux is a cross-platform operating system Linux is free more important and many Linux applications are distributed

3、in source form,Linux Distributions,Linux can be freely redistributed, you can obtain it in a variety of ways.,Linux architecture,Different level,Linux Components,The Linux directory tree,How Linux Organizes Data,Devices Filesystems Directories and Paths File Permissions,Devices,Linux receives data f

4、rom, sends data to, and stores data on devices,File systems,Directories and Paths,Home and working directories The directory tree Absolute and relative pathnames,Home and working directories,a special directory known as your home directory. each user has a distinct home directory /home The current d

5、irectoryor current working directory root user has a special home directory, /root.,The directory tree,Directories of a Linux system Unlike MS-DOS root directory, using a forward slash (/),Absolute and relative pathnames,absolute path beginning at the root directory /home/bill/school current directo

6、ry, as its starting point Bill/school, patrick/school three special directory names . cd ./bill/school . cd ./patrick/school cd ,File Permissions,Each directory and file has user, called owner Each user belongs to groups The user and the group can be changed later. Access permissions, also known as

7、modes,The options of chmod,u: user g: group o: other a: all r: read w: write (and delete) x: execute (and access directory) +: add permission -: take away permission,How to change file mode,chmod a+x web.xml,chmod 711 web.xml,The General Command,about directory about file about system maintenance,Co

8、mmand about dir,man ,$ man ls ls $ls a $ls l ls R ls la mkdir( make directory) rmdir (remove directory) cd (change directory) pwd(print working directory),Command about dir,rm(remove files or directories) $rm -i $rm rf cp(copy files and directories) mv (move files) clear (clear screen),Command about

9、 file,cat (concatenate) $ cat web.xml The command cat can be used to display the contents of a file on the screen. less $less web.xml The command less writes the contents of a file onto the screen a page at a time head first ten lines of a file to the screen Tail last ten lines of a file to the scre

10、en Touch change file timestamps More,Command about file,grep searches files for specified words or patterns Ps aux|grep resin wc (word count) Who|wc l Sort-sort lines of text files Sort web.xml File determine file type $file file /bin/ls Find-search for files in a directory hierarchy $ find / -name

11、web.xml,Command about file,chmod Changes the access mode of the specified files chmod -R mode files Chmod R 700 web.xml chown Changes the owner of the specified files chown -R userid files Chown R apache.apache httpd.conf tar Creates a tar file with the specified name tar -zcvf tar_file files tar -z

12、cvf tst.tar.gz tst.c tar zxvf tar_file,Command about system,adduser userid Passwd userid df -h Displays the amount of free disk space on each mounted file system du dir Displays the amount of disk space used by the current directory du -sh /root free Displays the amount of used and free system memor

13、y,Command about system,hostname name Displays (or sets) the name of the host rootsupport # hostname rootsupport # support kill process_id kill 9 34346 ps -aux reboot shutdown -h minutes who ifconfig,Vi Text Editor,The Vi editor has powerful features to aid programmers The Vi editor has two modes: co

14、mmand and insert. The command mode allows the entry of commands to manipulate text. The insert mode puts anything typed on the keyboard into the current file. Vi initially starts in command mode,How to open a file in Vi,vi filename (opens specified file) $ vi web.xml command mode i, a,o: Enter inser

15、t mode When you want to get out of the editor, switch to command mode (press Esc),How to exit editor,$wq Rtn to save the edited file and quit $q! Rtn to quit the editor without saving changes $w filename to save the edited file to new file filename $w Save the file without exiting ESC: from insert m

16、ode Enter command mode,Manual about vi,Manual about vi,Manual about vi,Manual about vi,Manual about vi,Manual about vi,Manual about vi,Input - Output redirection, Redirector Symbol Ls log Redirector Symbol Ps axu log null ls null,pipe,A pipe is a way to connect the output of one program to the input

17、 of another program without any temporary file.,pipe,Others,How to kill an process How to find a software package how to start a service How to install jdk in Linux how to use scm tool-subversion,How to kill an process,rootsupport conf# ps axu|grep mysqld rootsupport conf#kil 9 2288,How to find a so

18、ftware package,rootsupport conf# rpm -qa|grep mysql mysql-devel-4.1.7-4.RHEL4.1 mysql-4.1.7-4.RHEL4.1 mysqlclient10-devel-3.23.58-4.RHEL4.1 mod_auth_mysql-2.6.1-2.1,how to start a service,rootcas # /etc/init.d/httpd status httpd (pid 20724 19338 17268 16719 447 445 443 441 439 437 387 383 381 31031 29882 29722 24461) 正在运行. rootcas # /etc/