临沂专版2019中考英语总复习第二部分专项语法高效突破专项13简单句课件.ppt

1、第二部分 专项语法 高效突破,专项13简单句,英语中，只含有一套主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫作简单句。,高频考点精讲,1.陈述句的肯定句 (1)主语谓语(不及物动词)。如：The rain stopped.雨停了。 (2)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语。如：Children are playing basketball.孩子们在打篮球。 (3)主语连系动词表语。如：Leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天树叶变黄。 (4)主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语。如：My father bought me a computer.我爸爸给我买了台电脑。

2、 (5)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语。如：He made his sister cried just now.他刚刚把他妹妹弄哭了。,考点1 陈述句,2陈述句的否定式 在情态动词、be动词、助动词后直接加not。如：Man can not live without water.没有水人类不能生存。Jim is not playing football now.吉姆现在不在踢足球。He didnt watch TV last night.他昨晚没看电视。,考点2 疑问句,1.一般疑问句 (1)一般疑问句的构成 把情态动词、be动词、助动词提前，句尾加问号。第一人称需变为第二人称，some变

3、为any，something 变为anything。 (2)一般疑问句的用法 一般疑问句表示询问事物或某种情况是否属实，需要对方给予肯定或否定的回答，回答一般用yes或no，读时用升调。如：Are you a doctor？你是医生吗？Yes，I am. / No，Im not.是的，我是。/不，我不是。,【注意】 (1)为使语气客气委婉，也可以用其他词来代替yes或no来回答。如：Can you go to the park with me？你能与我一起去公园吗？Im afraid not.I have a lot of work to do.恐怕不行。我还有很多工作要做。 (2)否定的一般

4、疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词加not 的缩略形式开头，往往用于表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑。否定的一般疑问句的答语yes和no 的汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：Dont you hear of that？你没有听说过那件事吗？Yes，I do. / No，I dont.不，我听说过。/是的，我没有听说过。,2.特殊疑问句 (1)特殊疑问句的构成 特殊疑问句一般由“疑问词一般疑问句”构成。但当主语是疑问代词who，what，which 或 which作限定词修饰主语时，句子应用陈述语序。 (2) 特殊疑问词的用法,3.选择疑问句 要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况进行选择的问句，叫作选择疑问句。

5、选择疑问句的两个供选择的部分之间用or连接。选择疑问句不能用yes 或 no 回答。如：Do you like Tom or Jerry？你喜欢汤姆还是杰瑞？I like Jerry.我喜欢杰瑞。Which do you like best，apples，oranges or bananas？你最喜欢哪一样，苹果、橘子还是香蕉？I like apples best.我最喜欢苹果。,4反意疑问句,【注意】 1.陈述句中有little，few，no，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等表示否定意义的词时，附加反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is little water

6、 in the bottle，is there？瓶子里没多少水了，是吗？ 2陈述句主语为不定代词nothing，something，anything时，附加反意疑问部分的主语用代词it；陈述句主语为不定代词everyone，no one，someone，everybody，nobody，anybody时，附加反意疑问部分的主语常用代词they，有时也用he。如：Something is wrong with your car，isnt it？你的车有问题了，是吗？ 3陈述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe，suppose.)宾语从句”结构，附加反意疑问部分的主语和谓语

7、动词应与宾语从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。如：I dont think he is right，is he？我认为他不对，是吧？,考点3 祈使句,祈使句表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等，其特点是省略了主语，以动词原形开头。根据动词特点，祈使句常见几种形式有：,考点4 感叹句,感叹句就是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。,考点5 there be句型,1.there be句型构成形式一般为 “there be某人/物地点/时间”，表示“在某地有某物(或某人)”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be动词一般和就近主语的数或人称保持一致。如：There

8、 is a book and two pencils on the desk.书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。 2“therebesb. / sth.地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not，not any，no。如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。,3there be句型若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。如：Is there any water in the bottle？瓶子里有水吗？ 4there be句型有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如： There will be / is going to be a new film

9、 on Monday.星期一将有一部新电影上映。 There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两幢楼后面有几所房子。 There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。,考点6 倒装句,1.以here，there等副词开头构成的倒装句，有两种形式：,2.neither引导的倒装句 “neither助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”表示上下句两个不同人或物的行为或状况一样，是表示否定的倒装。如：He wasnt late for school，neither was I他上学没迟到，我

10、也没有。Tom has never been to China.汤姆从未去过中国。Neither has his brother.他的弟弟也没去过。 3副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种方式，你才能学好英语。,十年真题全练,简单句不是临沂中考单项填空的常考点，有隔年考查的趋势。在2018年临沂英语中考中，单项填空可能有1道题考查简单句，考查的内容多为特殊疑问词或感叹句。在阅读表达中则多为疑问句的考查。,考点1 陈述句,1.2012临沂

11、，78Lisa bought a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday.(改为否定句) List _ _ _ _a souvenir in the Gift Shop yesterday. 22011临沂，78There were some tigers in the mountains.(改为否定句) There _ _ _ _tigers in the mountains. 32009临沂，76Grace learns English by reading aloud.(改为否定句) Grace _ _ _ _English by reading alou

12、d.,didnt,buy,werent,any,doesnt,learn,考点2 疑问句,4.2016临沂，25_do you have dinner with your family at restaurants? Hardly ever. AHow often BHow long CHow many DHow much 52015临沂，26_people travel every year? Perhaps when we are talking about it，more than 100 planes have taken off around the world. AHow many

13、 BHow much CHow long DHow often 62012临沂，32_have you lived with your grandparents? About three years. AHow long BHow many CHow much DHow often,A,A,A,72009临沂，29_ yogurt do you need? Three cups. AHow long BHow far CHow many DHow much 82009临沂，32Liu Qian has made “magic” a hot word，_ he? Adoesnt Bdidnt C

14、hasnt Disnt 92008临沂，25_do you go to the library? I usually go to the library twice a week. AHow long BHow often CHow far DHow many,D,C,B,102008临沂，27It rained last night，_？ Awasnt it Bdidnt it Cdoesnt it Dwont it 112012临沂，77There are some flowers in the garden.(改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ _any flowers in the gard

15、en? 122012临沂，79David is playing basketball in the playground now.(对画线部分提问) _ _ _ _playing basketball in the playground now? 132011临沂，77Alice has a tennis racket.(改为一般疑问句) _ _Alice _ _a tennis racket? 142011临沂，79The twins are of medium height(对画线部分提问) _ _ _ _ the twins _ _ _ _？,B,Are,there,Who,is,Doe

16、s,have,What,do,look,like,152010临沂，76Julie bought a tennis racket last Sunday.(改为一般疑问句) _ Julie _ a tennis racket last Sunday? 162010临沂，77Our school holds an Art Festival once_a_year(对画线部分提问) _ _ does your school hold an Art Festival? 172009临沂，77Tina was_waiting_for_me when I arrived at the museum.(对

17、画线部分提问) _ _ _ Tina _ when you arrived at the museum?,Did,What,buy,How,often,was,doing,182008临沂，86There is a park near here.(改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ a park near here? 192008临沂，87Gina usually goes to school by_bicycle every day.(对画线部分提问) _ _Gina usually go to school every day?,Is,there,How,does,考点3 祈使句,20.2012

18、临沂，80You shouldnt arrive late for class.(改为祈使句) _ _ _ _ late for class. 212008临沂，88You shouldnt eat in class.(改为祈使句) _ _ _ _ in class.,Dont,Dont,arrive,eat,考点4 感叹句,22.2017临沂，27_amazing concert Li Yundi gave in Linyi! AHow an BHow CWhat an DWhat 232014临沂，28_ delicious these beef noodles are! AWhat BHow CWhat a DHow a,C,B,猜押预测,单项填空 1_ do you volunteer in Old Peoples Home? Once a week.We hope to help the old more. AHow soon BHow many CHow often DHow long 2Could you tell me_it takes to walk to the Disneyland? About 20 m