非谓语动词.ppt

1、非谓语动词 page90 106 122,在英语中，不作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。它有三种：不定式(the infinitive), 分词（the participle）和动名词（the gerund）。其特点是：不能充当句子谓语；仍具有动词的特征，可以带有宾语，状语等构成短语；否定形式直接在前面加not；一般都有逻辑主语。 非谓语动词形式：（以动词do为例） 不定式： (主动) to do to have done (被动) to be done to have been done 动名词： (主动) doing having done 现在分词： (被动) being done having

2、 been done 过去分词 done 否定式: not to do, not doing, not done （注：过去分词没有时态和语态的变化）,一、不定式和动名词作主语,1. 不定式作主语表具体将 来的动作。 e.g. To climb the mountain today is dangerous. 2. 不定式作主语的句型： 1) It is + a. + to do ； 2) It takes sb. + some time + to do. e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job.,1. 动名词作主语表抽象，习惯性

3、动作。 e.g. Climbing mountains is very interesting. 2. 动名词作主语的句型： 1) It is no use / good， a great pleasure / fun ， a waste of time等名词 +doing sth. 2) It is + useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/expensive 等形容词 + doing Its no use talking to her about the importance of the document. It is nice see

4、ing you again,不定式与动名词的逻辑主语,不定式的逻辑主语为： for/of + 名词 /代词宾格+ 不定式 e.g. It is important for us to change industrial wastes into useful things. It is very kind of you to help me.,动名词的逻辑主语为： 人称代词的所有格和名词的(s) 所有格 + 动名词 e.g. His being out of work made his parents worried. He dislikes his wifes working late.,不定

5、式的逻辑主语在absurd可笑 , bold大胆 , brave, courageous勇敢 , careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, kind, thoughtful体贴 , considerate考虑周到 , greedy贪婪 , generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, wicked邪恶 , wrong 等表示人物性格、特性。这类形容词后常用of 引出不定式的逻辑主语。 e.g. It is very kind of you to

6、help me. There be句型的动词不定式形式为there to be;复合式为 for there to be。I dont want there to be any disagreement between us.,注意:,专项练习,1) It is important _ there in time. A. that you to get B. for you to get C. of you to get D. whether you get 2) Its no use _ with him. He is incapable不能 of seeing anyone elses p

7、oint of view. A. to argue B. to be argued C. arguing D. being argued 3) Its advisable可取的,适当 _ twice before accepting that offer. A. for your thinking B. for you to think C. of you thinking D. of you to think 4) Its no good _ him. He doesnt help himself. A. helped B. helping C. to help D. to helping,

8、B,C,B,B,二、不定式、动名词和分词作表语,1.不定式表具体，将来的动作。 e.g. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 2. 动名词表抽象一般动作。 e.g. Our working is serving the people. 3. 现在分词表示主语具有的特征，过去分词表示主语所处的 状态。 这两者的区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般情况下：主语 是物 + 现在分词，主语是人 + 过去分词。这类词常见的有： interesting / interested, exciting / excited, delighting / del

9、ighted欣慰 , disappointing / disappointed, encouraging / encouraged, pleasing / pleased, puzzling / puzzled困惑, satisfying / satisfied, surprising / surprised, worrying / worried. e.g. Traveling is interesting but tiring.,1. We are _ with our present job. A. satisfied B. satisfy C. satisfying D. to sat

10、isfying 2. Her aim is _ a good time. A. everybody to have B. everybody to having C. everybody having D. everybody have 3. His suggestion is _. A. to carry out the plan immediately. B. to carrying out the plan immediately C. being carried out the plan immediately. D. carried out the plan immediately.

11、 4. The situation proves _. A. encouraged B. encouraging C. to encourage D. to be encouraged,A,A,A,B,专项练习,三、不定式和动名词作宾语,接不定式作宾语的动词： attempt, enable使能够,使成为可能 , neglect忽视 , afford负担得起 , demand, long渴望 , arrange, destine注定 , mean, begin, expect预期 , omit省略 , appear, determine决定 , manage, hate, pretend, a

12、sk, need, agree, desire, love, swear发誓 , volunteer自愿 , wish, endeavor努力,尽力 , offer, beg, fail, plan, bother烦恼,操心, forget, prefer, care, happen, prepare, decide, learn, regret, choose, hesitate, profess表白,承认 , claim声称,主张 , hope, promise, start, undertake承担,同意,接受 , want, consent同意,赞成 , intend打算 , refu

13、se, vow立誓 , contrive设计,图谋 , incline倾向于 , seek, try. e.g. I prefer to live in the country rather than in a city.,接动名词作宾语的动词,acknowledge承认mention提及,admit,tolerate默认,dislike,advocate主张,支持,拥护, complete使圆满,appreciate欣赏,鉴赏,confess,供认,承认,stand,忍受endure忍受,avoid,contemplate打算,enjoy, defer推迟,put off延期postpone

14、延迟,envy羡慕,delay延迟,escape,deny,excuse原谅,宽恕,consider,detest厌恶loathe憎恶hate,fancy想象喜欢feel like, favor支持,喜欢,mind介意,repent后悔,懊悔,figure估计,miss,resent愤恨,finish,pardon,原谅,resist抵制object to, forgive,permit,resume重新开始;,imagine,risk冒险,involve卷入,practice练习, suggest,prevent,save,keep,quit,recall,cant help,insist

15、on,give up,keep on, ,look forward to e.g. The teacher didnt mind helping the students in her spare time. We appreciate working with him, because he has a good sense of humor.,3. 既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有：forget, stop, remember, regret, try, mean, go on, propose,等。接不定式和动名词所表达的含义不同。 e.g.In some parts of

16、 this city, missing a bus means waiting for another hour. I didnt mean to hurt your feeling. I dont regret telling her what I thought. (已讲过) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. （未做但要做） 注：demand, need, want, require 等后面的 v-ing形式表示被动含义。 e.g. The wall needs painting = The wall needs to b

17、e painted.,专项练习,1. Jane always enjoys _ to popular music at home on Friday evenings. A. listening B. being listening C. to be listening D. to listen 2).He doesnt feel like _ a picnic in the park this weekend, and he suggested watching the football match instead. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 3

18、. I remember _ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A. once offering B. him once offering C. him to offer D. to offer him 4. Theres a man at the reception接待 desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made,A,C,B,B,四、不定式、动名词和分词作定语,1. 不定式

19、表具体，将来的动作，位于所修饰的名词后面 e.g. The most important thing in life is a great goal plus the determination to reach the goal. 注：不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词 形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。 e.g. Because of the reduction of air pollution, this city now is a good place to live in . 2. 动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途，性质等 一般位于所修饰的名词前面 e.

20、g. sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) working method (= method of working ) 3. 分词表示与所修饰的名词有逻辑主谓关系 现在分词表示动作正在进行，表主动；过去分词表示动作已完成，表被动。 e.g. If all the people agree on the suggested plan, we shall hold the sports meet at the end of this month. Most of the people invited to the dinner party yesterday

21、were my friends.,专项练习,1. That is a shop dealing in _ sticks.手杖 A. walking B. walked C. walk D. walkings 2. The girls mother bought her a large toy _. A. to play B. to play with C. playing D. being played 3. At the international conference, the famous scientist gave an excellent report _ on his recen

22、t experiment. A. basing B. to be based C. based D. to base 4. Thousands of products _ from crude oil 原油are now in daily use. A. to make B. making C. be made D. made,A,B,C,D,五、不定式和分词作状语,1. 不定式作状语表目的或结果 常用词组：only to do sth., enough to do sth., tooto do , suchas to do等 e.g. I got to the station, only t

23、o find that the rain was pulling out. She gave up her job as a nurse because she found the children too difficult to look after. 2. 分词作状语表示时间，原因，条件， 让步，方式，伴随情况等 e.g.遭受 Suffering from life pressure, many people have to go out to work until they are tired out. I stayed up all night trying to find a ne

24、w solution to the problem. Frightened by the explosion, we all rushed out of the hall. Given more instructions指令 , the students would have done the exercises much better. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：分词与其逻辑主语是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系用过去分词。 e.g. Seeing that we all got bored无聊 , he went on to tell us something different. C

25、ompared with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of peoples living standard.,分词的独立结构由逻辑主语（名词/代词）+ 分词构成，可以表 时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。 1）逻辑主语 + 现在分词 2）逻辑主语 + 过去分词 3）逻辑主语 + 分词的完成式或分词的被动态的完成时 4）there + being + 其他成分 e.g. The day being very hot, we went swimming in the ri

26、ver. This done, they went home. There being nothing to do, we played games.,3. 分词的独立结构,专项练习,1._ how to deal with the trouble of the computer, Martin had to ask his brother for help. A. Not know B. Not known C. Not to know D. Not knowing 2. There _ no electricity, we had to put off the experiment til

27、l the next day. A. being B. be C. was D. is 3. The old scientist died all of a sudden, _ the project unfinished. A. left B. leaving C. being left D. to leaving 4. Mr. Green ran all the way up to the station only _ that the train had left fifteen minutes before. A. finding B. to find C. to be found D

28、. to be finding,D,A,B,B,六、不定式和分词作宾语补足语,1. 不定式作宾补时，与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系（主动语态）或主表关系（被动语态） e.g. Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer. 注：感官动词和某些使役动词后接不定式宾补省略“to”，但在 句子转变为被动语态时必须加上“to”。(感官动词：feel, observe, overhear无意中听到,偷听 , watch, listen to, perceive察觉 , notice, see, look at, hear等；使役动词：let, have,make,

29、get, keep, leave等) e.g. I saw him cross the street. He was seen to cross the street. I would have you know that I am ill. 2. 现在分词作宾补时与宾语在逻辑上构成主谓关系，过去分词构 成动宾关系 e.g. I found those students studying very hard. His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself understood.,专项练习,1. Dont g

30、et your schedule _， stay with us in this class. A. to change B. changing C. changed D. to changing 2. Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it _? A. fixing B. to fix C. fix D. fixed 3. Im still unable to make myself _ in the discussion, which worries me a lot. A. to be unde

31、rstood B. understanding C. understood D. understand 4. His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. A. wonder B. wondered C. wondering D. being wondered,C,D,C,C,七、不定式、分词与分词短语作独立成分,1. 作插入语 e.g. Generally speaking, I prefer rice to noodles. 2. 作介词 这类词有：(关于)regarding , concerning, respecting, touching

32、； including包括 , excepting除外等。 e.g. The price of this coat is not high, considering its quality. 3. 起连词作用引导条件从句 e.g. I dont mind lending you the money provided假若 (that) you pay it back within a year. 4. 相当于句子状语 e.g. To be fair, she has worked hard these days.,一般情况下，做状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。但在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子

33、主语没有一致关系，这时分词用来修饰全句，称为无归属现在分词。常用的有：according to(根据), judging from(从判断), talking of(谈到), allowing for(考虑到), owing to(由于), coming to(论及/说到）, taking all things into consideration(全盘考虑)等。 e.g. Judging from last years experience, the coach教练 knows he should not expect too much of his team.,注意,专项练习,1. _ h

34、er wealth, I have nothing to say. A. To touch B. To touching C. Touched D. Touching 2. We dont like your ideas, _. A. to telling you the truth B, to be telling you the truth C. to tell you the truth D. tell you the truth 3. _ from appearance外表 , he seems to be a strong man . A. To judge B. Judged C.

35、 Judging D. Being judged 4.I have found some articles _ the harmful有害 effects of drinking. A. being concerned B. concerned C. to concern D. concerning,D,C,C,D,非谓语动词的时态和语态,1.一般式表示的动作与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生 e.g. A lot of young people are learning to drive cars. We enjoy watching color TV. Singing a song, he ca

36、me into the room. 2.完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作前发生 e.g. He was very sorry not to have met her at the airport. He forgot having promised to write things for us. Having finished the report, I handed it to John, but he said that George was the person to send it to. 3.被动语态的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者 e.g. My friend wanted her

37、 gas pipe to be checked. Although a teenager, Fred could抵制 resist being told what to do and what not to do. The building being repaired is our library.,专项练习,1. He wasnt appointed指定 chairman of the committee, not _ very popular with all its members. A. to be considered B. considering C. being conside

38、ring D. having considered 2. As a public relation公共关系 officer, he is said _ some very influential people.有权势 A. to know B. to be knowing C. to be known D. to have known 3. All flights _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been c

39、anceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled 4. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in 光天化日之下broad daylight yesterday. A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed,D,A,D,B,综合测试,1选择正确的答案： 1)There are more than fifty proposals _. A. to discuss B. to be discussed

40、 C. discussing D. having discussed 2) Those _ as committee members will attend the meeting. A. electing B. elected C. to elect D. to electing 3) Do you want to see the doctor _ the case report in the office? A. to work B. working C. working on D. worked on 4) The situation proves _. A. encouraged B.

41、 encouraging C. to encourage D. to be encouraged 5) Though he made great efforts to persuade others, he couldnt make himself _. A. believe B. believing C. believed D. to believe,B,B,C,B,C,6) _ adequate充分 preparations, we postponed the sports meet. A.Having not made B. Not having made C. Not made D.

42、Making not 7) _ from the spaceship宇宙飞船 , our earth looks like blue ball. A. To observe B. Observing C. Observed D. Having observed 8) After _ for the job, you will also be required to take a language test. A. having interviewed B. having been interviewed C. interviewed D. interviewing 9) We must avo

43、id _ such mistakes again. A. to make B. to making C. made D. making 10) When _ the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain dies not seem high at all. A. compared with B. compared to C. comparing with D. comparing to,B,C,B,D,A,11) In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco _ in Los Angel

44、es. A. to stay B. than stay C. than staying D. than have stayed 12) Robert cannot but _ several specialist s专家 to participate in designing. A. to invite B. inviting C. invited D. invite 13) The minister had his secretary _ a press新闻 conference. A. to arrange B. arranging C. arranged D. arrange 14) W

45、hen she awoke醒 , she found herself _ by an old man. A. looked after B. be looked after C. being looked after D. be looking after 15) The computer works very fast, _ data数据 at the speed of light. A. having handled B. handling C. handled D. handles 16) _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to h

46、ave at least a masters degree. A. To become B. Become C. One become D. On becoming,B,D,D,C,B,A,17) Having no money but _ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner. A. not to want anyone B. not wanting anyone C. wanted no one D. to want no one 18) Mr. Smith advised us to withdraw _撤回 . A. so

47、 that to get not involved B. so as to get not involved C. so as not to get involved D. so that not to get involved 19) Could you find someone _. A. for me to play tennis with B. for me to play tennis C. play tennis with D. playing tennis with 20) If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not

48、 have got in. A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed 21) _ in England, Anne Bradstreet both admired钦佩 and imitated仿效 several English Poets. A. Born and educated B. Be born and educating C. To bear and educate D. Being born and educating,B,C,A,D,A,22) I am not sure if I am still lo

49、oking for a house _. A. living B. to live C. to live in D. to be lived in 23) At first I wasnt used to _ and would find excuses for my mistakes. A. be criticized B. being criticized C. criticized vi. 批评 D. have been criticized 24) I am sorry to _ you so much trouble. A. have given B. have been given

50、 C. having been given D. giving 25) This room is so dirty that it wants _. A. cleaning B. being cleaned C. to clean D. cleaned 26) All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.放弃 A.considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered,C,B,A,A,A,27) I have no objection _反对 your

51、 story again. A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard 28) With the old man _ the way, we had no trouble _ that mysterious cave. A.lead, for finding B. led, found C. leading, in finding D. to be led, find 29) So many directors _, the board meeting理事会,董事会 had to be put off. A.were

52、 absent B. being absent C. been absent D. had been absent 30) The president promised to keep all the board members _ of how the negotiations n. 谈判 were going on. A. inform B. informing C. be informed D. informed,B,C,B,D,2用所给单词的正确形式填空,1) People _ (live) comfortably in the town hardly feel the pleasur

53、e of living in the country. 2) She was too young _ (assign)分配 such work. 3)Trying to make himself _ (hear), he shouted at the top of his voice. 4) It is an honor for me _荣誉 (ask ) to speak here. 5) He was praised for (make ) such a contribution贡献 to the country. 6) It is no good _ (wait) here. Lets

54、walk home. 7) Wed better postpone延迟 _ (discuss) it till next week. 8) _ (give) better attention关心 , the cabbages白菜 could have grown better. 9) He find himself _ (trouble) by too many phone calls every day. 10)I couldnt understand why he pretended _ (not see) me in the bookstore.,living,to be assigne

55、d,heard,to be asked,making,waiting,discussing,Having been given,troubled,not to see,11) _ (enter) the college, the students found they had many things to adjust to. 12)I dont want _ (wake) while in a second sleep even something serious happens. 13) A new technique _ (work out) , the yields产量 as a whole increased by 20 percent. 14. Mrs. Jones took plenty of keep-fit exercise, only _ (find) that she had put on some weight. 15) _ (destroy) in the earthquake thoroughly彻底 , the city has now been rebuilt. 16)I wasted all the afternoon _ (go) through piles o