日本铁路公司(JR)简介.ppt

1、,日本铁路 公司,JR,一、日本铁路公司介绍,日本铁路公司Japan Railways是日本的大型铁路公司集团，其前身为日本国有铁道（简称“国铁”，常用的缩写名称为“JNR”）。日本国铁于1987年分割为七间公司，并将原本国有的经营权移转为民营（国铁分割民营化），其所分离而出的各公司即合称为“日本铁路公司”。日本铁路公司有时会译为日本旅客铁道，然而日本铁路公司中也有货运铁道公司。在强调其整体的场合，也会称为日本铁路公司集团（JR）。日本铁路公司各公司除了经营一般铁路线(在来线)与新干线外，亦经营一般巴士、高速巴士与其他附属事业;另外还有由各公司共同出资经营的财团法人铁道技术综合研究所和铁道情报

2、系统株式会社。,Japan Railways is a large railway company in Japan, formerly known as the national railway, or JNR, commonly abbreviated as national railway. Japan wang is divided into seven companies in 1987, and the original state of management rights transfer for private (wang) privatization, its separat

3、ion from the company that is referred to as the Japan railway company. Japanese railway companies sometimes translate into Japanese passenger trains, but Japanese railways also have freight railways.,In the emphasis on the overall situation, also known as Japan railway company group (JR ).In additio

4、n to the general railway line (line) and Shinkansen, the Japanese railway companies also operate general buses, high-speed buses and other ancillary undertakings.In addition, there are the comprehensive research institute of railway technology and railway information system corporation jointly funde

5、d by the companies.,2.基本信息,公司名称：日本旅客铁道公司集团 外文名称：JapanRailways/JR 总部地点：日本 成立时间：1987年4月1日 经营范围：日本本土旅客、货运铁道服务和其他,3.公司发展历程,日本铁路公司原为国有企业的日本国有铁道由于经营不善，营收赤字经过多年累积，长期负债已达数十兆日圆，致使日本政府开始研拟将其分割、公司化与民营化，以改善经营状况。 Becauseofitspoormanagement,therevenuedeficitoftheJapanRailwayCorporation,whichwasastate-ownedenterpr

6、ise,hasaccumulatedformanyyears,anditslong-termdebthasreachedtensoftrillionyen.Asaresult,theJapanesegovernmentbegantodevelopaplantodivide,corporatize,andprivatizeit.Toimprovebusinessconditions.,3.2 公司发展历程,1987年4月1日，日本国有铁道依照日本国会所通过的国有铁道改革法，分割为七个各自独立的特殊法人包含六间铁路客运公司与一间铁路货运公司。最初依同一法律成立，仍旧保有七间公司全部股份的特殊法人“

7、日本国有铁道清算事业团”（1998年解散）之后逐步释出所持有的股份，各公司也渐次上市，以实现民营化的目标。目前JR的四家旅客铁道公司（JR东日本、JR东海、JR西日本、JR九州）因营运状况较佳，已经达成全面民营化的目标，其他公司则因仍需国家的补助，仍由日本政府持有全部或多数股份。,OnApril1,1987,Japansstate-ownedrailwaywasdividedintosevenseparatespeciallegalentities,includingsixrailwaypassengertransportcompaniesandonerailwayfreightcompany

8、,inaccordancewiththeNationalRailwayReformLawpassedbytheJapaneseParliament.Thespeciallegalperson,theJapanState-ownedRailwayliquidationAgency,whichwasoriginallyestablishedunderthesamelawandstillretainsallthesharesofthesevencompanies,graduallyreleaseditssharesafteritwasdissolvedin1998,andgraduallyliste

9、dthecompaniesinordertorealizethegoalofprivatization.Atpresent,fourJRpassengerrailwaycompanies,JREastJapan,JREastJapan,JrWestJapan,JRKyushu)havereachedthegoaloffullprivatizationbecauseoftheirbetteroperatingconditions,whileothercompaniesstillneedstatesubsidies.ItisstillwhollyormajorityownedbytheJapane

10、segovernment.,目前除了负责货运服务的JR货物仍为全国性经营外，各客运公司大致上皆有固定的管辖地域范围，彼此之间保持着既竞争又合作的关系。 JR各公司除了经营一般铁路线在来线与新干线外，亦经营一般巴士、高速巴士与其他附属事业；另外还有由各公司共同出资经营的“财团法人铁道技术综合研究所”和“铁道资讯系统株式会社”,Atpresent,exceptfortheJRcargo,whichisresponsibleforfreightservice,thepassengertransportcompanieshaveafixedjurisdictionandmaintainacompeti

11、tiveandcooperativerelationshipwitheachother.Inadditiontooperatinggeneralraillinesandnewtrunklines,Jrcompaniesalsooperateregularbuses,highspeedbusesandotherancillaryundertakings;Inaddition,thereistheFinancialCorporationRailwayTechnologyComprehensiveResearchInstituteandtheRailwayInformationsystemCo.,L

12、td.,whicharejointlyfundedandoperatedbyvariouscompanies.,日本铁路公司各部分介绍,1.覆盖全国 . Coverage of the whole country JNR公司铁路覆盖面积广，几乎覆盖了日本四个岛的各个角落。形成了一个错综复杂的铁路关系网 JNR railway covers a wide area, covering almost every corner of Japans four islands. Formed a complex network of railway relations,2.班次数量多 A large n

13、umber of shifts 据统计，该公司每天大约有20000个班次的列车在日本运行 JNR railway covers a wide area, covering almost every corner of Japans four islands. Formed a complex network of railway relations.,3.守时 punctuality 日本的铁路以准时这一特点闻名于世界，曾在5月11日晨，该公司一列列车7时11分35秒启动，比原定发车时间提前25秒。事后公司声明说：“给我们的乘客带来巨大不便，真是不可原谅。”,4.先进、快速 安全 Advanc

14、ed, fast safety 该公司的以中国成田特快列车，在成田机场到东京站只要53分钟。日本铁路技术近年来飞速发展，不断研发提升运行速度 The company takes only 53 minutes from Narita Airport to Narita station in Tokyo.Japanese railway technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and has been developing continuously to improve the speed of operation.,5.舒适 Comf

15、ortable 日本铁路现代化、整洁、完善的设施，车站和服务配置都是较为舒适的 The modern, clean and perfect facilities, stations and service facilities of the Japanese railway are more comfortable.,首先 我国轨道交通大多都是各站停车，效率非常低下。而日本电车则有急行跟缓行，以京王线和中央总武线为例。 First of all, rail transit in China is mostly parking stations, the efficiency is very l

16、ow. The Japanese trams have followed the slow, with the king of Beijing and the Central military Line as an example. 京王线根据停靠站不同分为：The Jingwang Line is divided into two categories according to the station: 各站停车（到处可以停车）Stop at every station. You can stop everywhere. 快速（跳掉一些小站）Quick (skip some small st

17、ations) 急行（跳掉更多小站）Rush (skip more small stations) 区间急行（在某个范围内跳掉更多小站）Interval rush (jump more small stations within a range) 准特急（只停较大的站）Quasi express (only for larger stations) 特急（只停大站）Express (stop station only),各站停车 Stop at all stations 快速 fast 通勤快速（只有在工作日运行，停上班族较多的站） Fast commuting (only on weekda

18、ys, with more commuters) 中央特快（只停大站） Central Express (stop at main Station only) 通勤特快 Commuter express 青梅特快 Green plum express 跟大多只有各站停车的我国地铁比起来，日本在电车运行方面的优势可见一斑。Japans advantages in tram operation are evident in comparison with Chinas subway, which mostly stops at various stations.,中央总武线则根据停靠站不同分为：

19、On the other hand, the Central Arms Line is divided into two groups according to the stations of call:,三、日本铁路值得中国学习的细节 Details of Japanese Railways worth learning from China,1.空调air-conditioning 日本地铁车厢可以根据车里的人数来调节空调的温度，保证：如夏天，车内不会过冷或过热。永远在一个相对舒适的温度。,The Japanese subway car can adjust the temperature

20、 of the air conditioner according to the number of people in the car, so as to ensure that, in the summer, it will not be too cold or overheated in the car. Always at a relatively comfortable temperature.,具了解是因为在车厢底部放置了一个类似称体重的零部件，再根据日本人的平均体重，与车厢当前重量根据公式换算出车厢的人数（误差好像在2-3人左右），再根据人的发热量，计算出车厢舒适的温度。所以在日

21、本地铁车厢里，不管只有一个人，还是一堆人，你感受到的温度都不会有太大变化（也就是不会因为人少而觉得冷，人多而觉得热）。,It is because a similar weight - like component is placed at the bottom of the car, and the average weight of the Japanese is converted to the number of carriages according to the current weight of the carriage (the error seems to be about

22、2-3), and then the comfort temperature of the car is calculated according to the heat quantity of the person, so in the Japanese subway car, no matter only one. A person or a group of people, you feel the temperature will not change much (that is, not because of the lack of people and feel cold, man

23、y people feel hot).,3.出站口 Exit port,请输入小标题,另外就是车站没有各种乱拉的红色横幅和粗暴制作的广告，看着赏心悦目，醒目度也高。 In addition, the station does not have a variety of red banners and rough-made advertisement, looking at the eye-pleasing, eye-catching high.,（日本）,（中国）,日本盒饭,日本盒饭,日本盒饭,4.日本盒饭,中国盒饭,中国盒饭,四、特色列车: “七星in九州”豪华卧铺列车 Luxury sle

24、eper train seven stars in Kyushu,除此之外，列车上还有现场钢琴演奏的酒吧以及14间不同风格的套房，每间客房都设有空调以及独立的卫浴设备。 In addition, there are live piano bars and 14 suites with different styles on the train, and each guest room is equipped with air conditioning and independent bathroom facilities.,内饰采用大量珍贵木材及全手工拼装，耗资约30亿日元。 The interior decoration is made of a large number of precious wood and assembled by hand at a cost of about 3 billion yen.,列车配有全景落地玻璃展望窗，一路上便