高二新人教选修6 Art-Grammar[虚拟语气].ppt

1、Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气,陈述语气I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈使语气Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 语气的分类,虚拟语气If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.,关于陈述语气 1,What will you do

2、 if it rains tomorrow?,I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.,关于陈述语气 2,关于祈使语气 1,关于祈使语气 2,关于祈使语气 3,关于祈使语气 4,V. + ed (were),had done,would/could/should/might +V (原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.V.+ ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V. (原),一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,Eg:1.

3、a. If he were here I would explain to him myself b. If there were no water on the earth , there would be no life . c. If we had time now , we should (would ) read it again . 2. a. If I had seen him yesterday ,I would have asked him for help . b. If I had taken his advice ,I should not have made such

4、 a mistake . c. I wouldnt have believed it , if I hadnt seen it happen .,3. a. If you dropped the glass , it would break . b. If it were to rain tomorrow ,the sports meeting would be put off . c. If she should come , I would ask her for help.,二. 虚拟语气特殊句型:,1. wish 的宾语从句,现在: 过去时（were） 过去: 过去完成时 未来: wo

5、uld/could/might +V. should,I wish I were as tall as you.,I wish I were a bird.,I wish every day were my birthday.,I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.,(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,2. would rather that

6、,现在: 过去: 未来:,I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3. as if /though + Clause,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems that it were spring. I remember the whole

7、thing as if it had happened yesterday.,They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.,4. Its (about/high) time +that,过去时(were) Should(不省) +V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time th

8、at we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,5. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。使用should + 动词原形, 或者将should省略。,宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。即 1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose 4). demand, require, request, desire,eg; 1. We suggested that Tom have a rest. 2. He insisted that I (

9、should) be present 3.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. 4.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为

10、”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。,1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.,obey,was,be sent,3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的

11、名词性从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire,Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,6. without和but fo

12、r 构成虚拟。but for要不是 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,含蓄条件句:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句.,I was ill that

13、 day .otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(连词) A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句) Everything taken into consideration , they would have raised their out

14、put quickly .(独立主格结构),7. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!,If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadnt missed the train!,8. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟

15、, 即(should)+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,三. 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。,If the weather had been finer, the crops wo

16、uld be growing still better. If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficult

17、ies. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.,If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,3. 谓语动词以should +

18、have done 的形式出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做的事情, 从而表示一种责备的语气。,e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday. 2) You should have come here five minutes earlier. 3) He should have told me about it earlier.,注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中, 动词be的过去时态一律用 were, 不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。,If I were you, I would go to look for him.

19、如果我是你, 就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿, 一切都会好的。,1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The fire _ if you had been more careful . A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not h

20、ave been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got,4.If it _ rain , the crops would be saved . A. should B. will C. is going to D. was to 5. _ today , he

21、would get to Germany by Friday . A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves 6.If he _ it , he _ it. A. had seen ; could have believed B. saw ; couldnt believe C. saw ; couldnt have believed D. has seen ; had believed,7.- He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _his cour

22、age . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 8. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . was B. were C. had been D. should go 9.I wish I _ you yesterday . seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 10. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be,11.I wish that you

23、 _. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job 12. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 13. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you k

24、now how busy I was . should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had,14. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew 15. - Would you like to work in my company ? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your

25、 company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 16. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done,17. -How does your aunt act ? - She acts as if she _ an expert . A. were B. was C. is D. ha

26、s been 18. The child talks to us as if he _ a grown-up . A. is B. will be C. had been D. were 19. I remember the story as though I _ . A. just read it B. have just read it C. had just read it D. were just reading it .,20. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B

27、. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken 21. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 22. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began,23.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ? - Okay, I _ my brea

28、kfast . A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishing C. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started,25. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a lo

29、ng time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 26. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 27. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait,28. The professor gave orders that the test _ before 5:30 pm. A, be fi

30、nished B. will finish C, must be finished D. should finished 29. My father was strict . He requested that I _ television on week nights . A, mustnt watch B. not watch C, couldnt watch D. dont watch 30. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying

31、not,31.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . must pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 32. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 33. Its one oclock in the morning . Its high time that you _ your store . A, c

32、lose B. should close C. have closed D. had closed,34. It _ hard now , otherwise we could go out to play . A. rained B. rains C. is raining D. would rain 35. I was ill that day , otherwise I _ the sports meet . would take part in B. had taken part in C. took part in D. would have taken part in 36. Bu

33、t for the party , he _ of hunger 30 year ago . A. would have died B. must have died C. would die D. died,37. Without your help , I _ the exam last term . A. would have passed B. wouldnt pass C. would have failed D. failed in 38. They helped me a lot . I dont know what I _ without their help . would do B. had done C. would have done D. will have done 39. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball , otherwise he _ a goal . A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored,40. If I had studied English last year ,