英美文学课件8ErnestHemingway

1、Ernest Hemingway and A Farewell to Arms,Name: Birth: Death: Nationality: Career: Remembered as:,Ernest Hemingway,American,1899,1961,one of the great American writers of the 20th century,novelist and short-story writer,Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois He was the second of six ch

2、ildren and had four sisters and one brother His father was a doctor and also an avid hunter and outdoorsman In High School, Hemingway played football and learned to wrestle During this time he also incurred permanent eye damage. This caused him to be rejected by the Army during WWI Hemingway was als

3、o the editor of his high school newspaper, The Trapeze,Hemingway after high school,After graduating, Hemingway went to Kansas City and became a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star In 1918, Hemingway joined the Red Cross and was an ambulance driver in Italy during World War I This experience provid

4、ed background for the book A Farewell to Arms While serving on the Italian front, Hemingway was seriously wounded The war experiences (the cruelty and endurance it requires) forms a major part of Hemingways writing.,HemingwayRed Cross Uniform, about 1918,Hemingway spent six months in the Red Cross h

5、ospital in Milan , where he met and fell in love with Agnes von Kurowsky, a Red Cross nurse seven years his senior. Provided material for A Farewell to Arms,After the war,After the war, Hemingway settled in Paris, the literary capital of the world He worked as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto

6、 Star. During this time, he became acquainted with Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound and Sherwood Anderson, all American expatriates. Hemingway soon became a spokesman for the Lost Generation writers and other artists disillusioned by the war. From 1944-1945, he was a war correspondent on the Western Front

7、 during World War II,Hemingway, 1928,Literary Awards,Hemingways novel The Old Man and the Sea, published in 1952 won him a Pulitzer and Nobel Prize,Hemingway receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature,Hemingway moved from one exotic locale to another including; Spain, Cuba, Africa, and Key West, Flori

8、da He cultivated a reputation as a tough, hard-drinking mans man,On July 2, 1961, Hemingway died of a self-inflicted gun shot wound in Ketchum, Ohio It is said that in the last few years of his life, Hemingway was a very troubled man. He even received rounds of electro-shock therapy shortly before h

9、e killed himself,Main works,The Sun Also Rises (1926) A Farewell to Arms (1929) For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) The Old Man and the Sea (1952),The Old Man and the Sea (1952),老人与海,In 1954, when Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, it was for his mastery of the art of narrative, most r

10、ecently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style.,A spokesman for the Lost Generation,The term “lost generation” was coined by Gertrude Stein, a lost generation writer herself, after World War I. It was between the first and second Worl

11、d Wars. Speaking to Ernest Hemingway, she said, you are all a lost generation.,The Lost Generation is a term used to describe a group of American writers who were rebelling against what America had become by the 1900s. Seeking the bohemian lifestyle and rejecting the values of American materialism,

12、a number of intellectuals, poets, artists and writers fled to France in the post World War I years. Paris was the center of it all. Full of youthful idealism, these individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date.

13、,Hemingways Heroes,Hemingways fiction usually focuses on people living essential, dangerous livessoldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighterswho meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage.,The phrase, Hemingway code hero originated with scholar Philip Young. He uses it to desc

14、ribe a Hemingway character who lives correctly, following certain principles of honor, courage, and endurance which in a life of tension and pain make a man a man.,The Hemingway Code Hero 准则英雄、硬汉子,The Hemingway Code Hero 准则英雄、硬汉子,Throughout many of Hemingways novels the code hero acts in a manner wh

15、ich allowed the critic to formulate a particular code. - he does not talk about what he believes in. - He does not talk too much. He expresses himself not in words, but in actions. The Hemingway man is not a thinker, he is a man of action. But his actions are based upon a concept of life.,“Grace und

16、er pressure” is their motto,Whatever is the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage.,They hide a sensitive heart under a tough exterior,

17、The Hemingway Code Hero 准则英雄、硬汉子,The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.,A man can be destroyed but not defeated.,-From The Old Man and the Sea,Hemingways Style direct, terse, and often monotonous,The use of short, simple and conventional words and sentences ha

18、s an effect of clearness, terseness and great care.,the iceberg theory, sometime referred to as theory of omission.,Hemingway believed that a good writer did not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. “The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above

19、water.” In his writing the facts float above water; the supporting structure and symbolism operate out-of-sight.,1932年，海明威在他的纪实性作品午后之死中，第一次把文学创作比做漂浮在大洋上的冰山，他说：“冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为他只有八分之一在水面上。”,简洁的文字、鲜明的形象、丰富的情感和深刻的思想是构成”冰山原则”的四个基本要素。具体地说，文字和形象是所谓的“八分之一”，而情感和思想是所谓的“八分之七”。,If a writer of prose knows enough

20、of what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. “如果一位作家对于他想写的东西心里很有数，那么他可能省略他所知道的东西，读者呢，只要作家写得真实，会强烈的感觉到他所省略的地方，好象作者写出来似的。”显而易见，作家在这里强调的是省略，主张水面下的

21、的“八分之七”应该留给读者去感受。,A Farewell to Arms,The novel is about Hemingways World War I experiences and his relationship with Agnes von Kurowsky in Milan. On the surface, a tragic romance Below the surface, about the war individual tragedy within the larger picture of greater tragedy,The novel is divided int

22、o five books. In the first book, Henry meets and attempts to seduce Catherine Barkley and their relationship begins. While on the Italian front, Henry is wounded in the knee by a mortar shell and sent to a hospital in Milan. The second book shows the growth of Henry and Catherines relationship as th

23、ey spend time together in Milan over the summer. Henry falls in love with Catherine and by the time he is healed, Catherine is three months pregnant.,Summary of A Farewell to Arms,In the third book, Henry returns to his unit, but not long after, the Austro-Germans break through the Italian lines in

24、the Battle of Caporetto, and the Italians retreat. Henry kills an engineering sergeant for insubordination. After falling behind and catching up again, Henry is taken to a place by the battle police where officers are being interrogated and executed for the treachery that supposedly led to the Itali

25、an defeat. However, after hearing the execution of a Lt.Colonel, Henry escapes by jumping into a river.,Summary of A Farewell to Arms,In the fourth book, Catherine and Henry reunite and flee to Switzerland in a rowing boat. In the final book, Henry and Catherine live a quiet life in the mountains un

26、til she goes into labour. After a long and painful labour, their son is stillborn. Catherine begins to haemorrhage and soon dies, leaving Henry to return to their hotel in the rain.,Summary of A Farewell to Arms,Major Themes,Love as a response to the horrors of war and the world,Hemingway repeatedly

27、 emphasizes the horrific devastation war has wrought on everyone involved. From the opening account of cholera that kills only 7,000 men to the graphic description of the artillery bombardment to the corrupt violence during the Italian retreat, A Farewell to Arms is among the most frank anti-war novels.,Love is a pleasurable diversion that distracts lovers from the outside world; the two often tell each other not to think about a