社会心理健康.ppt

1、社会心理健康Psychosocial Health,祝墡珠 教授复旦大学医学院全科医学系复旦大学附属中山医院全科医学科 Shanzhu Zhu M.D. General Practice Department of Medical School Fudan UniversityGeneral Practice Department of Zhonghshan Hospital Fudan University,什么是社会心理健康 ? What is psychosocial health ?,这是临床心理学家所关注的一个问题 主要是在人们社会相互交往中所表现的心理 与所处社会的文化背景、个人品

2、质、对自然与社会的认识、价值心理取向有关 A concern of clinical Psychologists. Displayed in the process of social contact . Associated with a persons cultural background, his character traits, understanding of society and of nature, and his value orientation.,每个人都在社会中担任某一社会角色 ; 然而, Everyone takes a role in society; howe

3、ver, ,物质生活 Material comforts,生活水平 Standard of living,社会经济的发展和竞争的加剧 Development of social economy Exacerbation of social competition 升学、就业、职位升迁、 婚姻、失业、疾病、 亲人亡故、家庭矛盾、 贫富分化、城乡差距拉大等等 Seeking good education, employment and promotion, being unemployed, having poor health, death of a family member, conflic

4、ts within a family, polarization of the rich and the poor, widening disparity between urban and rural life, and so on.,Factors that can contribute to long-term psychological stress,Persons body immunity weakened,Physiological and psychological responses,Symptoms: remember ability decreasing insomnia

5、 and dream disturbed sleep low work efficiency hypertension peptic ulcer diseases anxiety and depression,可导致长期心理应激的因素,削弱了机体的免疫力,生理和心理疾病,症状：记忆力下降 失眠多梦 工作效率低下 高血压 溃疡病 抑郁和焦虑等,心理疾病的发病率逐年增高Incidence of psychological diseases has been increasing with each passing year,50年代发病率为2%，2000年发病率上升至14%。 大学生、妇女、儿童、

6、老年人为重点发病人群，各种精神、心理障碍人群超过100万。 2% in the fifties , 14% by 2000. University students, women, children and the aged are often the most susceptible group and the number of people with psychological diseases or problems is estimated to be over one million.,我国每年有近30万人自杀，每2分钟就有1人自杀，8人自杀未遂。自杀已成为我国第五位死因。 同时由

7、于99.9%的心理障碍者是以躯体不适到综合医院就诊，因而造成卫生资源的过度消耗。 Suicide has become the fifth cause of death in China. While 99.9% people with psychological problems go to hospital for the complaint of body disorders, which contributes to the excessive use of healthcare resources.,心理问题的产生The causes of psychological problem

8、,2005年全国年龄60岁者占总人口的11.03%，年龄65岁者占总人口的7.69%。 11.03% population of China is over sixty years and 7.69% is over sixty-five in 2005.,目前有半数以上老人不愿与子女同住，四二一家庭赡养模式，情感空巢，缺乏交流等产生心理问题。 新式小区的增加，邻里之间的陌生，非心理专业人士在劝解引导方式上的缺陷。 Now more than one half aged people are unwilling to live with their sons and daughters . F

9、our-two-one family support model, empty nest feelings, lack of communications, all contributes to the development of psychological problems. The increase of modern communications, unknown with each other in the neighborhood, imperfection in the advice of nonprofessional persons.,如何解决这一问题? How to sol

10、ve the problem?,1997年WHO的资料显示全球有约5亿人需要精神卫生服务，其中90以上适于在社区得到处置和服务，社区精神卫生服务已成世界各国普遍做法。 The data from WHO in 1997 showed that there are five hundred million people need psychological health care, in which 90% problems were optimum to be taken care in the community.,如何解决这一问题? How to solve the problem?,成立

11、由全科医师为主导的社区心理咨询师、社工人员参与的心理健康服务机构。 因为危机家庭的成员不会主动就诊，及时主动发现和掌握社区危机家庭情况，对重点危险人群进行专业辅导。 An organization leaded by family physicians and composed of psychological consultants and social workers should be set up for psychosocial health services. Most of the families with crisis are unwilling to go to the d

12、octors. It is important to discover and understand those families, to assist those persons with high risk of having psychological problems.,通过该机构、媒体、社区宣教等保障民众心理健康。 对那些因实发事件，重大灾难后的心理创伤进行早期干预。 The psychosocial health of the general public can be influenced by such an organization, the news media, heal

13、th education in communities and so on. Early detection and intervention will be the key to prevention of such problems arising from psychological traumas caused by nasty incidents or disasters.,预防措施 Preventive measures,行为和心理治疗 药物治疗 事件的干预 建立援助体系，提高人们对自然和环境的适应能力 Behavioral and psychological therapy Medical therapy Assistance in social issues The establishment of a support system to promote peoples adaptability to nature and environment,目标 Goals,提高人们对精神刺激的耐受能力 提高人们的自我控制和调节能力 提