大学英语四级辅导(写作).ppt

1、大学英语四级辅导写作,林胜强 ,大学英语四级的重要性,自身能力的提高 考研 找工作 公务员,考试流程,8：50-9：00试音时间 9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做) 9：40-9：55做快速阅读 9：55-10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读) 9：55-10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项。 11：20全部考试结束。,考试题型,写作：30分钟，107分（15%） 快速阅读15分钟，71分（10%） 听力35分钟249分

2、（35%） 仔细阅读（包括选词填空和篇章阅读）25分钟，179分（25%） 完型填空15分钟，71分（10%） 翻译5分钟，35分（5%）,新四级题型分析报告新四级源于老四级又有别于老四级，具体而言，两者的区别主要在以下几个方面可以体现。 第一、评分体制不同。老四级满分为100分，及格分为60分；而新四级满分为710分，最低分数为290分，及格分数线425分。这是一种表面的变化，无非是把原来的分数放大了7.1倍，但是这个评分体制的影响却是积极的。因为以前在100分制时，60至85之间均发合格证，看不出成绩的高低，不能完全体现考生水平，更不能体现考生听力、阅读、写作等方面的分项能力。现在710分

3、制下，成绩单将会分项计分，听力、阅读、综合和写作的成绩都将具体给出，这可以明显反映考生英语水平具体的情况，是口头能力强还是笔头能力强等。,第二、考查手段有异。具体说来是指题型有了变化。比如，听力部分，原来的题型是短对话以及短文或复合式听力二选一，而现在新四级复合式听力成为必考，此外又增加了长对话（这种题型来源于托福考试的传统题型）。又如，阅读以前只考篇章阅读理解，即考四篇文章，每篇文章后面有五个题目；现在阅读分为快速阅读，选词填空，以及两篇和老四级一样的篇章阅读理解（其中，快速阅读占10，仔细阅读占25）。再如，综合部分，原来是或简答或翻译或完型三选一，而现在是两个二选一的题型，即改错和完型二

4、选一，简答和翻译二选一。而且翻译老四级是英译汉，新四级是汉译英。最后，新老四级的一个重大区别是新四级将没有词汇与结构部分。两者不变的是四级的写作部分。对发生变动的各个题型作一个综合分析，可以看出新四级更加侧重主观题的考查，考生需要写的部分更多了。比如，听力部分的复合式听力部分，快速阅读的最后三个题目，改错部分等等。,三、考查程序不一。老四级的考试程序是：听力阅读词汇与结构或完型或翻译或简答三选一题型写作；而新四级的考试程序有了变化：写作快速阅读听力仔细阅读（包括选词填空和篇章阅读）完型和改错二选一翻译和简答二选一。考试程序的变化对考生应试心理的要求不同，对考试过程中时间调配的方法亦不尽相同。比

5、如，老四级可以把词汇题的时间压缩一点，把阅读题的时间增加一点；而现在如果要增加第四部分阅读理解的时间，只能牺牲一点综合题的时间了，时间融通的难度有所加大。又如，老四级考试把写作部分设置在最后，考生可以借用或牺牲前面一些难题的时间（在实际操作中，很多情况下卷一和卷二会在开始就一起发给考生），而新四级却把写作放在开头，而且等30分钟过去后，才发快速阅读的材料，这样对写作速度就有了更加严格的要求。,第四、考查重点有变。新四级把听力部分的分数比重从20%上升到35%，而阅读部分的比重由40%下降到35%。这一变化可以说四级考试把听和读的能力放在不分伯仲的地位。另外，新四级加入了快速阅读，信息含量大大增

6、加。综合讲，新四级提高了“听的能力和读的速度”，这体现现代社会不仅需要大量的信息阅览，而且还需要实际的口头交流，交流的前提是听懂对方的语言。新的时事促进改革，改革体现新的时事。信息大爆炸的社会，需要你更快更准的摄取你所需的资料，国际化的时代，需要你熟练地与外交流。新四级的改革多多少少还是反应了这些社会大背景。虽然，新四级题型等的改变就像“多米诺骨牌”，会产生一系列连锁反应，比如复习重点的不同、解题方法的不同等等，但是新四级并不是完全孤立与老四级，两者之间还是有密切联系。这种联系，就是破解新四级的法宝。比如，快速阅读的解题方法就是老四级中细节题的方法，即先看题干再看原文，根据题干的中心话题在原文

7、中找答案。更何况，新四级的大部分题目的考试形式和老四级是一样的。所以，新老四级的关系就是：新四级源于老四级又有别于老四级，要学好前者需先了解后者。,学习流程,写作 阅读理解 听力 综合 真题模拟测试,写作,一CET-4写作要求 大学英语四级考试大纲规定：写作 (Writing)部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。 考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。,四级作文评分原则,（1）CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人就总的印象给出奖励分，不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。

8、 （2）从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成了理解上的障碍。针对这些原则，学生在写作中要注意： 1. 重视内容和语言 2. 尽量避免语法错误 3. 语言要有闪光点 4.卷面整洁！,三CET-4评分标准,(1)本题满分为15分。 (2)阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。 (3)阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照阅卷评分，如果认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，则定为该分数(即8分)；如果认为稍优或稍劣于该分

9、数，则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。但不得加减半分。,(4)评分标准： 2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分-基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。 8分-基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。 11分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误。 注：白卷、作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达，则给0分。,(5)字数不足应酌情扣分： 注：1.如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所

10、写字数。 2. 规定的内容未写全者,按比例扣分。 3如果扣为0分，要慎重处理,应试策略与解题思路,一四级写作临考建议 1. 先死后活* “死”是指熟记模板及范文。对于每种题型的作文，考生应熟记其模板，并背诵2-3篇。“活”是指用活的句型和活的语言。在准备阶段，考生应把“死”的模板和“活”的句型联系起来。 2. 对症下药* 考生在熟读几篇范文后，可以把范文默写下来，再与原文相对照，会发现和原文有出入的地方，其中有些错误是考生的写作弱点，发现这些弱点，考生可以有针对性地进行准备。这样逐个突破可以受到事半公倍的效果。,3. 实战演练* 在进行演练时，要注意灵活运用所掌握的范文模板及常用句式，在下笔前

11、好好构思，切忌生搬硬套，以免出现文不对题的情况。 4. 考中建议* “5205”原则 拿到题目后，用五分钟时间身体并草拟一份较为详细的提纲（Brainstorm）；然后，用20分钟时间充实提纲，完成作文；最后，用剩下的五分钟通篇检查，修改润色。,二、写作基本步骤,第一步，确定各段主题 四级作文的结构比较固定，一般都是三段式。命题要求中大都会给出两到三个中文或英文提纲，但所给提纲只是规定了文章的主要内容，每一个提纲并不等于每一段的主题，考生需要结合文章题目和所给提纲的内容重新确定各段的主题。例如： Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 mi

12、nutes to write a composition on the topic Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用。 2. 由此带来的问题。 3. 限制一次性塑料袋。 Brainstorm! 分析： 第一段主题：描述一次性塑料袋在人们生活中的广泛应用情况。 第二段主题：指出一次性塑

13、料袋带来的问题和危害。 第三段主题：阐述限制使用一次性塑料袋的作用和意义。,第二步：列出各段提纲 确定各段主题以后，不要匆忙动笔，应该在草稿纸或心中将各段要写的内容大致列出，做到心中有数，这样才能行文流畅，衔接自然。 第三步： 逐一展开段落 一般来说，段落的基本构成包括：主题句，扩展句和结尾句。 第四步：通读全文检查,一、依据模板写作,现象解释模板1,Recently,_ . 2) What amazes us most is_. 3) It is true that _. 4) There are many reasons explaining _. 5) The main reasons

14、_. 6)What is more, _.7) Thirdly, _. 8) As a result, _. 9) Considering all these, _. 10) For one thing, _. 11)For another, _. 12) In conclusion, _.,模板1-范文-1,1)Recently, PC games have become very popular on campus, 2) What amazes us most is that many students often spend their entire evenings playing

15、such games. 3)It is true that PC games can do much harm to us if we indulge in them. 4) There are may reasons explaining the harms of PC games. 5)The main reason is that laying PC games is an enormous waste of time and we will have little time for our study.,模板1-范文-2,6) What is more, those who play

16、PC games day and night will be harmed physically for lack of rest and sleep. 7) Thirdly, most games are about violent and unhealthy contents. 8) As a result, we benefit less from PC games. 9) Considering all these, we should deal with PC games carefully.,模板1-范文-3,10) For one thing, we shouldnt spend

17、 too much time, energy and money on the games because study is our priority. 11) For another, we should try to learn something when playing them occasionally. 12) In conclusion, we should try to avoid the harms of PC games and live a more meaningful life.,现象解释模板2,As is known to all, _. 2)_seem to ge

18、t accustomed to_.3) In fact, _. 4) The reasons of _lie in several aspects. 5) Firstly, _. 6) Secondly,_. 7) Thirdly,_ 8) Finally,_. 9) As a matter of fact, _. 10) On the one hand, _. 11) On the other hand, _. 12 Therefore, _.,现象解释模板2- model writing-1,As is known to all, nearly everyone on campus has

19、 access to computers. 2) Students seem to get accustomed to playing PC games. 3) In fact, Pc games can do much harm to us if we indulge ourselves in them. 4) The reasons of the PC games harms lie in several aspects.,现象解释模板2- model writing-2,5) Firstly, playing PC games is an enormous waste of time a

20、nd we will have little time for our study. 6) Secondly, those who play PC games day and night will be harmed physically for lack of rest and sleep. 7) Thirdly, most games are about violent and unhealthy contents. 8) Finally, they cost us much money,现象解释模板2- model writing-3,9) As a matter of fact. We

21、 can find best ways to deal with PC games. 10) On the one hand, we shouldnt spend too much time, energy and money on the games because study is our priority. 11) On the other hand, we should try to learn something when playing them occasionally. 12) Therefore, its up to avoid the harms of PC games.,

22、现象解释模板3,Nowadays_. 2) For one thing, _3) For another, _. 4) It is obvious that _. 5) Many remarkable factors contribute to_. 6) First of all, _. 7) In addition, _. 8) Thirdly, _. 9) As to me, _. 10) As we know, _. 11) Besides,_ 12) In a word, _.,现象解释模板3- Model writing-1,Nowadays, PC games have becom

23、e very popular on campus. 2) For one thing, many students often spend their evenings playing such games. 3) For another, more and more students indulge themselves in them. 4) It is obvious that PC do much harm to us. .,现象解释模板3- Model writing-2,5) Many remarkable factors contribute to the harm of PC

24、games. 6) First of all, playing PC games is an enormous waste of time and we will have little time of our study. 7) In addition, those who play PC games day and night will be harmed physically for lack of rest and sleep. 8) Thirdly, they cost us much money.,现象解释模板3- Model writing-3,9) As to me, I on

25、ly play PC games occasionally in summer or winter holidays. 10) AS we know, study is our priority, we shouldnt spend too much time, energy and money on games. 11) Besides, many games are involved in violent and unhealthy contents. 12) In a word, we should try to avoid the harms of PC game.,Practice

26、Writing for Model (1),Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Role of Man in Modern Family You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline ( given in Chinese) below: 1) 现代社会，越来越多的男人参与家务劳动中； 2） 男人在工作之余承担家务义务的原因； 3

27、） 我的观点,对比选择型4,There is a heated debate over_.2) It is commonly accepted that _.3) In contrast, others_. 4) Those who hold the first opinion suggest_. 5)In their view, _. 6) However, others think_. 7) They argue that _. 8) Considering one after another, I stand on the sided of _. 9) First of all, _.

28、10) Furthermore, _. Thirdly, _. 12) Therefore, _.,对比选择型 4-Model Writing-1,There is a heated over the enrollment of athletic students. 2) It is commonly accepted that athletic students can help universities win a place in sports competition. 3) In contrast, others hold that there are many disadvantag

29、es to lower their scores of enrollment.,对比选择型 4-Model Writing-2,4) Those who hold the first opinion suggest that universities should improve themselves in sports competition by lowering scores of athletic students. 5) In their view, these students can continue their academic study as well. 6) Howeve

30、r, others think that its harmful to enrollment system.,对比选择型 4-Model Writing-3,7) They argue that it is unfair for those students who get the same scores as athletic students do but cant get an admission notice. 8) Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the latter opinion. 9) First of

31、 all, there is an academic gap between athletic students and others.,对比选择型 4-Model Writing-4,8) Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the latter opinion. 9) First of all, there is an academic gap between athletic students and others. 10) Furthermore, athletic students may feel diffic

32、ult in study. 11) Thirdly, athletic students may be looked down upon in job market. 12) Therefore, universities should treat athletic students the same way as they do for the common students.,对比选择型模板5,Recently, we may hear quite different opinions_. 2) Most people take it for granted that _. 3) Howe

33、ver, others hold_.4) a dominant idea is that _. 5) They argue that _. 8) As to me, I prefer_. 9) On the one hand, _. 10) On the other hand, _. 11) Therefore, _. 12) In conclusion, _.,二、Selected Writing Topic for CET,Practice Writing for Model (1),Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty min

34、utes to write a composition on the topic: The Role of Man in Modern FamilyYou should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline ( given in Chinese) below: 1) 现代社会，越来越多的男人参与家务劳动中； 2） 男人在工作之余承担家务义务的原因； 3） 我的观点,Sample 1:The Role of Man in Modern Family-1,Recently, Chinese familie

35、s have been undergoing many changes. What amazes us most is that there are more than 7 out of 10 husbands who volunteer to do housework. It is true that more and more husbands understand what an important role their wives have played in the family and society.,Sample 1:The Role of Man in Modern Fami

36、ly-2,There are many reasons explaining the situation shown in the chart. The main reason is that the husband in a double-income family should spend more time on the housework. What is more, husbands participation in childrens education is helpful to their growing-up. Thirdly, many husbands find it w

37、onderful to do housework. As a result, more and more husbands are glad to share family responsibility.,College Students Owing Mobile Phones 2,1） 随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的大学生拥有手机； 2）为什么会出现这种现象/ 3） 我的看法,Sample 2: College Students Owing Mobile Phones-1,As is known to all, mobile phones have become a new necessit

38、y for college students and more more college students own their mobile phones on campus. People seem to get accustomed to keeping mobile phones at hand. In fact, according to the survey, 95% of college students use mobile phones.,Sample 2: College Students Owing Mobile Phones-2,The reasons of the wi

39、de-spread of mobile phones on campus lie in several aspects. Firstly, the price of mobile phones has dropped rapidly in recent year. Secondly, college students need them to seek jobs before graduation. Thirdly, mobile phones can meet their daily demands for telecommunications. Finally, students can

40、exchange information each other by mobile phones.,Sample 2: College Students Owing Mobile Phones-3,As a matter of fact, more students will buy mobile phones in the future. On the one hand, the actual demand for them will increase. On the other hand, both the price of mobile phones and the phone bill

41、 will decrease further. Therefore, most of the students will own their mobile phones sooner or later.,Practice Writing for Contrast Model Patterns 3,News on Internet 1） 一些人认为因特网上的新闻没有价值； 2）另一些人认为因特网上的新闻是最及时最有效的新闻； 30 我的看法,Sample Writing 3: News on the Internet -1,There is a heated debate over the ne

42、ws on Internet. It is commonly accepted that Internet news is valuable for the timely report. In contrast, others hold that news on Internet is valueless.,Sample Writing 3: News on the Internet -2,Those who hold the first opinion suggest that news on Internet can be read by millions of viewers at th

43、e same time. In their view, web-page viewers can also give comments on net. However, others think that Internet news is not as objective as newspapers. They agree that many news on Internet is not true at all.,Sample Writing 3: News on the Internet -3,Considering one after another, I stand on the si

44、de of the former opinion. First of all. Internet news represents the trend of development in journalism. Furthermore, the news on Internet is interactive. Thirdly, much news in newspapers is not very objective either. Therefore, I believe that Internet news will become the most important source of i

45、nformation in the near future.,Writing Topic: The Popularity of Mic-Blog 1.近年来”微博 ” 越来越流行 2。微博 流行的原因 3。你的看法,Exercise,Practice Writing for Contrast Model Patterns 4,Lectures and discussions 一些学生赞成讲座式教学； 另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学 我的看法,Sample 4: lecture and discussion-1,recently, we may hear quite different opinion

46、s about lectures and discussions, 2) Most people take it for granted that lectures can help students learn more quickly. 3) However, others hold that discussions can stimulate students to learn by themselves.,Sample 4: lecture and discussion-2,4) A dominant idea is that attending a lecture can save

47、more time. 5) In this opinion, teachers are passing on their knowledge which is accumulated by them in many years study and research to the students. 6) Nevertheless, the objectors think that a discussion may leave a deeper impression. 7) They argue that involving in a discussion, students can devel

48、op their ability to analyze problems.,Sample 4: lecture and discussion-3,8) As to me, I prefer neither of the two extreme ideas. 9) On the one hand, different methods have different disadvantages. 10) On the other hand, each student has his or her favorite. 110 Therefore, neither method can be rejec

49、ted while another is adopted. 12) In conclusion, we might adopt different teaching methods according to different subjects.,Exercise,Is rapid Economic Growth Desirable? 1） 一些人认为经济增长的速度越快越好； 2）另一些人认为经济增长的速度应当放缓求稳； 3）我的看法。,Letter of Application,Suppose you are a sophomore and want to apply for the job

50、a tutor to an English high school student advertised in the evening Paper. Write an application letter in no less than 120 words,sample,Ningbo Institute of Education Ningbo, China Tel:( 0574)65000000 E-mail: April,21 2012 Dear Mrs. Janet: I have seen your advertisement in todays Ningbo Evening Paper

51、 for a tutor to a student of Grade Three at high school. I am interested in the job and I think Im qualified for it. I would like to be considered as an applicant. I am 20 years old and studying in Ningbo Institute of Education. I am a sophomore. I believe that I am able to teach your child well.,sa

52、mple,I am good at mathematics in which your child needs help. I can also help your child with her Chinese. My English is pretty good and I can manage to communicate with foreigners successfully. I will do my best and Im sure you will be satisfied wit the results. Please find enclosed my telephone nu

53、mber. I would be glad to come for an interview at any time when convenient to you. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours Sincerely, David,三、图表作文(非重点，需防一手),Write a Passage Based on the Graph (Table Writing a composition based on a graph, we should first understand the meaning the graph

54、 ( table) conveys, and then give an accurate and clear description of the graph (table). Next, we should generalize about the graph (table), interpret and analyze it. Finally, we should make a sound conclusion based on the graph (table),Family Bank Deposits in Chinas Cities and Towns,Write a passage

55、 based on the graph (table).,Example:,三、图表作文,Description of the table: The period 1985 2000 had a great increase in family bank deposits in Chinas cities and towns. In 1985, the average family deposits was 1351 yuan while in 2000 it reached 3460 yuan. The total bank deposits in 2000 was 19 times as

56、much as it was in 1985.,Generalization interpretation and analysis: Several factors may have contributed to this change. Firstly, the family income has greatly increased and people have more spare money to deposit in the bank. Secondly, people want to deposit money to buy more expensive items such a

57、s houses and cars. Thirdly, banks are still thought of as the safest place to deposit money. More and more people are willing to deposit money in banks instead of other investment such as stock exchange and future investment.,Write a passage based on the graph (table).,Making a sound conclusion: Fro

58、m the above table we can predict that the family income will continue to increase and that people will have even more money to deposit in the bank.,Write a passage based on the graph (table).,Writing a composition based on a graphic, we should first of all understand the meaning the graph (table) co

59、nveys, and then give an accurate and clear description of the graph (table). The next step is to generalize about the graph (table) - interpret and analyze it. Finally, we should make a sound conclusion based on the graph (table).,Write a passage based on the graph (table).,Describing graph According to the table (graph) X i