Models of selective attention 注意范式.ppt

1、Models of selective attention,Members: Icy Amy Diana Ceicily Spirit,Models of Selective Attention,The filter model,The attenuation model,The late attention model,The Filter Model,Founder:Broadbent (1958) It related to what has been called the single-channel theory The switch works in an all-or-none

2、fashion Basic Model :figure 1,Senses,Selective filter,Limited-capacity channel (psystem),Long-term store,response,Figure 1,Broadbent argued that : when several nerve fibers fire at the same time,several sensory messages may arrive at the brain simultaneously. but only a little information can be pro

3、cessed.,It means that further processing of information would then occur only after the signal was attended to and passed on through a selective filter into a limited-capacity channel.,Dichotic listening task,The research method of the filter model -dichotic listening task It is a technique for inve

4、stagate with means we all ears hear two different voice simultaneously.It always come true by 立体声耳机,The design of experiment: Left ear Right ear 6 4 2 9 7 3,Experimental result: 1. When participants were asked to recall the digits by ear of presentation , the accurate rate is 65% 2. When participant

5、s were asked to recall the digits in the sequence in which they appeared , the accurate rate is 20%,不支持单通道模型的实验 -Gray&Wedderburn Left ear Right ear Dear 3 5 Aunt JANE 4,The result shows that : The filter not only a channel ，when the situation calls for it , we can switch our attention to another cha

6、nnel . So , we can see the Filter Model also is not perfect . Therefore ，the Attenaution Model of Treisman is appeared .,The Attenuation Model,Founder : Treisman (1959) The attenuation model is a further investagation that is based on the filter model by Treisman.,Senses e.g.eye. ear,Attenuating Fil

7、ter,Semantic Aualysis Filter,Selected Input for attention,Input channels,Inputs.including Attenuated inputs Are passed on for Semantic analysis,Attenuation model:,One problem with the filter model is the detection of meaningful information through an unattended channel . For example:your name （cockt

8、ail party effect）,So , Treisman argured that some words have lower thresholds for activation and the important words or sounds are activated more easily than less important signals。 Her model retains much of the architecture of Broadbents model.,For the purpose,she retain the basic frame of Broadben

9、ets model，further design the attended ear experiment,to prove her attenuation argument。,Let the participants listen two passages in English with two ears. One ear is the attended ear. (The information from this ear must be told.) The other is the unattended ear,course of the experiment,There is a ho

10、use on a hill.,Treismans experiment (1964),When the two materials are all English passages, the participants can always tell the information from the unattended ear. But when we give the information about chemistry or other something, it cant be told.,This time, the two English passages are replaced

11、 by a passage from Orwell England. And the participants are the French-English bilingual. In one ear the voice spoke in English, in the other , French. Unknown to the participants, the passages were the same but slightly offset in time.,The result,Participants who are not good at French can know abo

12、ut 2% information from the unattended ear. But the ones who are good at French can know 55% so we can know the information is attenuate and the attenuate information can also get the further process .,The Late Attention Model,Be different with the attenuation model,the late attention model suggest ,

13、 the information enter the brain isnt attenuated,all of information can be processed,but,the inportant information can be response and others cant be response,The late attention model is similar with the attenuation model,move the information-process to the back.,哈德威克prove the late attention model by experiment Result of experiment: the response rate of two ears are more than 50% , and all