Chapter 0 绪论.ppt

1、梁永恒 南京农业大学生命科学学院微生物系 Office: 生科楼C5009 Tel: 8439 6376 (Office) E-mail: ,微生物生理学,Microbial Physiology,微生物生理学李季伦等编，出版社： 北京农业大学出版社，出版日期： 1993 微生物生理学 卫扬保编，出版社： 高等教育出版社，出版日期： 1989微生物生理学 程皆能等编著 复旦大学出版社，出版日期： 1987,1. 研究微生物细胞的结构和功能 2. 研究微生物的生长与代谢规律 3. 研究微生物与环境的关系 4. 研究微生物的活动与人类的关系,微生物生理学的研究对象：,本课程的学习参考资料,3、参考

2、杂志(Journals) “微生物学报”、“微生物学通报”、“微生物学杂志”、 “菌物学报”、“生物工程学报”、“病毒学报”、“J Bacteriology”、“Molecular Microbiology”,1、教科书 (Textbook) 微生物生理学，沈标 主编，中国农业出版社，2009 2、参考书(Reference books) （1）微生物生理学，杨生玉 等 主编， 化学工业出版社，2008 （2）微生物学，沈 萍，高等教育出版社，2000 （3）微生物学教程第二版，周德庆，高等教育出版社，2002,（4）Foundations in Microbiology 微生物学基础第5版/

3、影印版，Kathleen Park Talaro，高等教育出版社，2005 （5）“Brocks Biology of Microorganism 9TH”， Michael T. Madigan John M. Martinko Jack Parker，Prentice Hall，1999 （6）“Microbiology”， Lansing M. Prescott ，Donald Klein, John Harley， McGraw-Hill Higher Education，2000,课程成绩计算（Score）,考勤10% 平时表现/成绩20% 期末考试70%,Always rememb

4、er to ask:What?Why?How?,绪 论,微生物学分支学科,微生物生理学和其他学科之间的关系,微生物学 生物化学 细胞生物学 遗传学 分子生物学,微生物学的重要发现,Louis Pasteur (France, 1822 -1895 ),微生物生理学的发展史,巴氏消毒法及预防接种,Born in 1822 in Dole, France, Pasteur was a talented young artist. He showed an interest in chemistry. Pasteur, is best known as the father of pasteuriz

5、ation. Thats the method of heating liquids until germs (病菌) can no longer live in them. While pasteurization bears his name, his most important discovery could be that infectious diseases are caused by germs. Pasteur was able to control the spread of disease by limiting the places where germs can li

6、ve. He also developed the theory of Vaccination.,The next time youre enjoying a cold glass of milk with your chocolate chip cookies, thank Louis Pasteur for making the milk safe to drink. While youre at it, you can also thank him that you dont have smallpox（天花）, chickenpox（水痘）, rabies（狂犬病）, or dipht

7、heria（白喉病）. Those diseases may be rare now, but they were very much part of life in 18th and 19th Century Europe.,Pasteurs discoveries were so groundbreaking that in 1888 an international fund was created to fund the Louis Pasteur Institute. Pasteur worked with the institute until his death. It cont

8、inues today as a center of microbiology and immunology.,Robert Koch（German, 1843-1910）,创立科氏法则,Bacteriologist Robert Koch discovered the anthrax （炭疽热 ） disease cycle (1876); and the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis（肺结核） (1882) and cholera（霍乱） (1883). Koch formulated rules for the control of epid

9、emics of cholera. Kochs Postulates (Kochsche Postulate, refined in 1884) are still the basic procedures used by modern epidemiologists and medical researchers: Identify a specific organism, obtain a pure culture of that organism, reproduce the disease in experimental animals using the pure culture,

10、and recover the organism from the infected animals.,发现固氮微生物及植物和细菌之间的共生,Martinus.W.Beijerink (Dutch, 18511931),Sergei Winogradsky (Ukrainian-Russian, 1856-1953),发现自养微生物,H2S,S,Winogradsky column,1 week,7 week,Eduard Buchner（German, 1860 1917）,Buchner微生物生理学进入了分子水平,Discovery of non-cellular fermentation,the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907,樊庆笙 教授（1911 1998）,中国农业微生物学奠基人,率先从事青霉素生产试验；在共生固氮菌的生理生化研究，紫云英、花生、大豆根瘤菌的应用研究和紫云英北移等方面作出了重要贡献。,陈华癸 院士（1914 2002）,中国农业微生物学奠基人,首次揭示了紫云英根瘤菌是