新闻的翻译 (修订) (2)

1、新闻的翻译Translation of News,2,News is anything timely that interests a number of persons, and the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number 凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西，便是新闻。而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最大兴趣的东西。,Definition of News,3,News is an account of what is happening around us. It may i

2、nvolve current events, new initiative or ongoing projects or issues. But news is not only about whats taking place of the day, it also concerns background analysis, opinions, human interest stories, etc.,4,新闻的翻译 1 新闻语言的特点 1.1 词汇特点 1.2 句法特点 2 新闻的翻译 2.1 新闻标题的翻译 2.1.1 完整句子作标题 2.1.2 名词、名词短语、介词短语作标题 2.1.

3、3 有非谓语动词的标题 2.1.4 有标点符号的标题 2.2 新闻导语的翻译 2.3 新闻报道的翻译 2.4 新闻特写的翻译 2.5 新闻评论的翻译,5,1. 新闻语言的特点 （Features of Journalistic Language）,6,大众性、趣味性和节俭性构成了新闻英语在语言风格上的特色。,1. 新闻语言的特点 （Features of Journalistic Language）,1.1 词汇特点,7,第一，常用词汇有特定的新闻色彩。 第二，使用“小词”。 第三，大量使用缩略语。 第四，临时造词。 第五，大量借用体育、军事、商业、科技、文学、娱乐业等方面的专业词汇或外来词。

4、 第六，词义转变，常见词赋予新意。,8,第一，较多使用省略句和扩展的简单句。由于报刊篇幅有限，新闻文体在语法方面一个重要特点是句型的高度扩展，结构严谨，将丰富的信息压缩在有限的篇幅中。常见的方法有使用同位语、介词短语、分词短语等语言成分扩展简单句。有时还较多的使用插入语代替从句，从而简化句子结构。在新闻标题中很多部分被省略，如冠词、介词、联系动词、连词、代词等。,1.2 文体特点,9,新闻词汇 普通词汇 ban prohibition clash disgreement curb decrease cut reduction Shock astonishment Boost rise; inc

5、rease,10,第二，新闻写作为使句式简练,常采取用连字符的复合性短语做前置定语,来代替定语从句,把句子由长变短,由繁到简。 第三，被动语态使用频繁。 第四，新闻中广泛使用直接引语与间接引语，使用引语的目的是使报道具有“最大限度的客观性”，以增添真实性和生动性。 第四，时态方面，多使用一般现在时和现在进行时。这两种时态给人事件正在进行的效果，给人以真实感和现实感。,11,新闻体裁的多样性决定了新闻翻译要根据不同的内容和体裁选择不同的语言表达手段，做到文体适切。 新闻文体的翻译主要包括新闻标题的翻译，导语的翻译，新闻报道的翻译，新闻特写的翻译和新闻评论的翻译。,小节结束,2. 新闻的翻译,12

6、,英语新闻标题可以使用完整的句子(包括各类从句、祈使句、疑问句)，也可使用名词、名词短语、单词的首字母、缩略语、介词短语等。谓语动词多使用一般现在时代替过去时; 动词不定时代替将来时。非谓语动词多用动名词、动词不定式、分词等。,2. 1 新闻标题的翻译,13,1. World Eyes Mid-East Peace Talks (eyes=watches, observes) 【译】世界关注中东和平谈判 2. Education brings a better tomorrow 【译】教育改变未来生活,2. 1. 1 完整句子作标题,完整句子包括简单句、各类从句、祈使句、疑问句，都可作新闻的标

7、题，翻译时最好译成汉语的词或词语形式，体现标题的特点，而不是一句话，句末不用标点符号。例如：,14,3. China has always been a staunch supporter behind the IOC initiatives 【译】中国一贯坚定地支持国际奥委会各项动议 4. Husband and wife team unlocks new gene secrets 【译】夫妻联手解开新的基因奥秘,15,5. U.S. analysts find no sign Bin Laden had nuclear arms 【译】美分析人士未发现本拉登拥有核武器的证据 6. Pion

8、eer colleges face axe 【译】一些实验学院面临砍削,16,7. Private eyes seek legal recognition 【译】私人侦探寻求法律认可 8. Plane hits Milan skyscraper, terror ruled out 【译】飞机撞上米兰摩天大楼，估计与恐怖袭击无关,17,9. Andersen Chief quits in effort to rescue firm (Andersen, the Chief Executive Officer, quits in effort to rescue the firm) 【译】安然总裁

9、为挽救公司辞职,18,标题可以是一个名词、名词的缩略语，或由前置定语或后置定语修饰的名词词组，或也可以是一个介词短语。 翻译时应注意标题中的省略部分，能直译的直译，不能直译的要按照新闻的中心要点进行意译加工。,2. 1. 2名词、名词短语、介词短语作标题,19,Rein in Profit from Housing sales 【译】严控售房利润 2. Year 2000 bug unstoppable for some companies 【译】计算机千年虫问题迫在眉睫,20,3. Old photos as a reminder of my childhood 【译】老照片唤起了我对童年的

10、回忆 4. Arafat ready for unconditional truce 【译】阿拉法特期待无条件停战会谈 5. A road to the cosmos 【译】通向宇宙之路,21,6. Protests against war across world 【译】反战抗议遍及全球 7. The boy with the billion-dollar secrets 【译】怀有赚取亿万美元之秘诀的男孩 8. Divorce New York style 【译】纽约离婚新样式,22,标题中常用动名词(短语)形式作主语，不定式表示将来式，“名词+现在分词(短语)”的结构表示将来或正在进行的

11、动作，“名词+过去分词(短语)”的结构表示被动意义。,2. 1. 3 有非谓语动词的标题,23,1. Six Black countries to hold summit 【译】非洲六国将举行首脑会议 2. Nippon steel to hold down production 【译】日铁将降低产量 3. New efforts to learn about planet Mars 【译】探测火星的新举措,24,4. Arafat to skip Arab summit, two observers killed 【译】阿拉法特将不参加阿拉伯峰会，两名国际观察员罹难 5. How to pr

12、ice your products and services 【译】如何为你的产品和劳务定价,25,6. Working for better Sino-US ties 【译】中美两国政府为促进双边关系而努力 7. Traveling under the Channel in the Eurostar Train 【译】乘“欧洲之星”列车穿过海底隧道 8. Japanese rocket launch delayed 【译】日本政府决定推迟火箭发射日期,26,2.1.4 有标点符号 “:” “,” “”的标题,用标点符号把标题中的中心词与修饰说明性词隔开，以突出中心词，或表示同位结构，引起读者

13、注意。 翻译时可灵活处理，英语有此类标点符号的标题，汉译时可用也可不用，英语没有此类标点符号的标题，汉译时也可加上此类符号。,27,1. The American way: friendship 【译】美国人的友谊观 2. Bering ice: no floe flows 【译】白令海峡没有浮冰块流动,28,3. Reagans more-guns-less-butter budget (The New York Times) 【译】里根预算：多一些枪炮，少一点黄油 4. The oceansmans last resources 【译】海洋人类最后的巨大资源,29,5. Living in

14、 Amsterdamthe best way to see a city 【译】生活在阿姆斯特丹城市观光的最佳方式 6. Life Show, A story of plain, passion, dream 【译】人生一个普通平凡的、充满激情和梦想的故事,30,7. “The system failed her” 【译】她与这种制度格格不入 8. Is “Globalization” helping or hurting? 【译】全球化：幸或不幸？,小节结束,31,新闻导语指新闻报道的开头第一段或前几段，以简练生动的文字表述新闻事件中最重要的内容，读起来有点儿像“内容提要”。 导语决定读者是

15、否能从首句抓住新闻的核心内容，从而判断是否继续阅读。要求一目了然，一眼就能抓到主要新闻事实。,2. 2 新闻导语的翻译,32,News structure,A. The lead 新闻导语是新闻报道开头的第一段文字，也是最重要的部分，通常是标题的展开形式，记者必须把新闻事件的主要情节用一两句话概括在新闻导语的第一段里。这是新闻报道的精华所在。,33,News structure,A. The lead 导语尽可能回答5个W和1个H, 即What、Who、When 、Where、Why 和 How。 这个观点曾被西方新闻界视为金科玉律，但是由于新闻导语趋于愈来愈短，因此，新闻导语现在一般未必包含

16、所有的新闻要素，而是突出其中最重要的新闻要素，其他要素可放在之后的段落。,34,A. The lead In a soft news story , however , the lead should present the subject of the story by allusion (暗示; 引喻 ) . This type of opening is somewhat literary (文学的 ). Like a novelist (小说家) , the role of the writer is to grab the attention of the reader.,News

17、structure,35,B. The 5 “Ws” and the H News articles, especially a hard news story, always include the essentialswho, what, where, when, why and how. Good news writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event in the first two or three paragraphs.,News structure,36,DENVER,

18、Colorado (AP) A lightning strike at a golf course driving range Saturday killed a man and injured his 16-year-old son, a fire department spokeswoman said. When Saturday Where At a golf course Who A man and his son What Lightning killed the man and injured his son,37,NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Teenage

19、rs who spend 3 hours a day or more in front of the television are at risk of developing sleeping problem later in life, new research reports. Who Teenagers What Teenagers may develop sleep problems When Later in their life How Spending three hours or more in front of TV,38,By EMMA ROSS, AP Medical W

20、riter BANGKOK, Thailand-Asias bird flu death toll rose to 12 with the announcement Monday of two additional deaths, while China said it suspected the virus has reached poultry in one of its most remote corners. When Monday Where Thailand What Bird flu death toll rose to 12 Who Thailand and China,39,

21、News structure,C. “inverted pyramid” Journalism instructors usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story. Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most importa

22、nt information, then giving the next most important information and so on.,40,News structure,41,In other words, it is to present from the most important material to the least important and from general points to specific details. Many people read only the first few paragraphs of a story, so its impo

23、rtant to start with the most vital information and add details future down.,42,新闻报道涉及社会政治生活、金融商业活动、军事冲突、科技发展、外交斗争、文化体育动态以及宗教、法律、刑事、家庭等等各个方面，因此新闻报道用词范围广，新词语层出不穷。,2. 3 新闻报道的翻译,43,翻译新闻时应密切注意原语的格调，以“事实”或“消息”为准则，语言以“准确”为核心，避免使用激情的词语除非顺应原文的需要。翻译重内容，不必拘泥于语言形式，译文不宜太俗也不易过雅。,44,新闻翻译的原则是语言讲求具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。所谓具体

24、，即何时、何地、何人、何事、为何、如何，常在新闻的开篇很具体地加以交代，具体是真实的反映，是可信性的保证，千万不要漏译。,45,翻译下列新闻报道（参考译文）,Blasts in London Three bangs exploded in London yesterday injuring a total of 60 people, three seriously. The first blast, caused by about 80 1b of explosives planted in a stolen Ford Escort Car came at 8: 51 a. m. outsid

25、e a Home Office building. Many of the 52 people injured were women on their way to work in the surrounding office buildings. Three of those taken to hospital, two women and a man, were operated on.,【译文】 伦敦的爆炸案 昨天伦敦爆炸了三枚炸弹，有60人受伤，其中重伤三人。 第一次是早晨8点51分，在政府内务部外面爆炸了一枚藏在一辆偷来的福特护送车中的有80磅的炸弹。受伤的52人中大多是要去附近的办

26、公大楼上班的妇女。有两名妇女和一名男子送进医院手术治疗。,46,The second explosion was caused by a parcel bomb at a Christmas Temporary post sorting office, also in Westminster. It went off at 5:58 p. m. and injured six people. Two policemen were injured when the second car bomb of the day exploded near Pentonville prison after

27、7 oclock.,【续】 第二次爆炸也发生在（英国）议院和政府所在地的威斯敏斯特大街，炸弹藏在圣诞节邮件临时分检处的一个邮包里，时间是下午5时58分，受伤6人。 当晚7点钟以后，在本顿维尔监狱附近，又有一枚安放在汽车里的炸弹爆炸，有两名警察受伤。,翻译下列新闻报道（参考译文）,47,The car bomb in the morning caused devastation in the narrow Westminster street, blowing out hundreds of windows, wrecking at least seven cars parked nearby,

28、 and causing panic among office workers. Scotland Yard said they believed all three bombs yesterday were IRA-inspired.,【续】 早晨爆炸的那颗炸弹破坏了窄狭的威斯敏斯特街道，几百扇玻璃窗被震坏；停在附近的汽车至少有七辆被炸毁；机关职工受到极大惊吓。 伦敦警方认为昨天这三次爆炸事件都与爱尔兰共和军有关。,翻译下列新闻报道（参考译文）,小节结束,48,新闻特写的一个极其明显的特点就是不需要遵循新闻报道严格的格式规范，不求报道的全面性，但求报道的独特角度。从某一个角度通过“放大”或“

29、再现”的报道手段来深入细致地叙述描写，说明某件事、某个人、某件新闻片断。特写带有一定的主观性，目的是唤起读者的兴趣和共鸣。,2. 4 新闻特写的翻译,49,Prize “outside expectation” “意外”获奖 Mo Yan has become the first Chinese national to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 莫言成为首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的中国籍作家。,翻译下列新闻特写（参考译文）,50,“Through a mixture of fantasy and reality, historical and social

30、 perspectives, Mo Yan created a world reminiscent in its complexity of those in the writing of (American writer) William Faulkner and (Columbian writer) Gabriel Garca Mrquez, at the same time finding a departure point in old Chinese literature and in oral literature,” said the award statement releas

31、ed on Oct 11. 10月11日公布的诺贝尔颁奖公告中写道：“将魔幻现实主义与民间故事、历史与当代社会融合在一起，他创作的世界令人联想起福克纳（美国作家）和马尔克斯（哥伦比亚作家）作品的融合，同时又在中国传统文学和口头文学中寻找到一个出发点。”,51,“I grew up in an environment immersed with folk culture, which inevitably comes in to my novelswhen I pick up a pen to write. This has definitely affected, even decided,

32、my works artistic style,” Mo told a group of reporters in his hometown of Gaomi, Shandong, shortly after he won theaward. 获奖后不久，莫言在家乡山东高密接受记者采访时表示：“民间艺术、民间文化伴随着我成长，我从小耳濡目染这些文化元素，当我拿起笔来进行文学创作的时候，这些民间文化元素就不可避免地进入了我的小说，也影响甚至决定了我的作品的艺术风格。”,52,Although China boasts a tradition of literature and scholarsh

33、ip, few writers have won international acclaim. For this reason, the Nobel Prize in Literature has always been an aspiration for Chinese writers. 虽然中国有着引以为傲的文学和学术传统，但很少有本土作家获得过国际赞誉。因此，摘得诺贝尔文学奖成为中国作家的夙愿。,53,“I really didnt see this coming,” Lu Jiande, director of the Institute of Literature at the Ch

34、inese Academy of Social Sciences, told 21st Century. “I know Mo Yan pretty well and one thing a lot of people dont know is how good he is with words.” 中国社会科学院文学所所长陆建德在接受二十一世纪英文报记者采访时表示：“我真的没有想到。我很了解莫言，而很多人都不清楚他驾驭文字的功力到底有多棒。”,54,“His calligraphy is surprisingly beautiful. In his writing, he can make

35、words live and breathe,” Lu said. “He is far ahead of other Chinese in the sense that he takes the critical perspective inside first, starting from criticizing himself instead of the outside world.” 陆建德说：“他的文笔出奇地优美。在他笔下，他可以让文字鲜活起来，仿佛具有生命。他自身首先具备一种批判的视角，在批评外部世界之前，他先自我批判一番。从这一点上来讲，他远远领先于其他国人。”,55,Mo c

36、reated a cast of colorful characters and said that if there was a prototype, it would be the abandoned “black boy” who first appeared in the 1985 novel Red Transparent Radish, which bears imprints of the authors childhood. 莫言创作出了一众鲜活的人物形象。他说，如果非要在他的小说中找一个原型，那一定是被抛弃的“黑孩”。这个人物首次出现是在莫言1985年创作的小说透明的红萝卜中

37、，他身上有着作者小时候的影子。,56,Mo dropped out of school and became a cattle herder as a child. At 20, he left his hometown and joined the army. 莫言从小辍学，自幼便在家乡放牧。20岁时，他离家参军。 Gaomi county is where most of Mos stories happen. Its a place that has inspired him throughouthis 31-year writing career. 莫言小说中的故事多发生在高密县。在3

38、1年的写作生涯中，这个地方激发出他许多的创作灵感。,57,Many got to know of Mo through director Zhang Yimous film, Red Sorghum. It was adapted fromhis 1986 novel of the same name, bringing to life a visual landscape of red sorghum fields and afiery setting sun. Set in Gaomi, the novel tells the story of a sedan carrier who sa

39、ves the bride he iscarrying from bandits and later marries her. 许多人是通过张艺谋导演的电影红高粱才知道莫言的。这部电影改编自莫言1986年的同名小说，它再现了火红斜阳下一片红高粱地的景象。小说背景设置在高密县，讲述了一个轿夫从土匪手中救出新娘，并与之喜结连理的故事。,58,Mo left the army in 1997 and gradually developed a writing style all of his own. History, familysagas, blood and violence are freq

40、uent elements in his most famous works, such as Big Breasts andWide Hips or Sandalwood Penalty. 莫言1997年退伍，逐渐树立自己独特的写作风格。历史、家族史诗、血腥和暴力是他诸多名作中的常见元素，相关主题作品有丰乳肥臀和檀香刑。,59,Some critics point out that Mos works have a tendency toward vulgarity. 有些评论家指出，莫言的作品有粗俗化的倾向。,60,In an interview with South China Morn

41、ing Post, Professor Xiao Ying of Tsinghua University said theaward was “outside of my expectations, as Mo Yans works are still short on the idealism ofpursuing humanity, which marks previous Nobel literature prize winners”. 在接受南华早报采访时，清华大学教授肖颖（音译）说，这个奖项“出乎我的意料，因为莫言的作品仍然缺乏追寻人性的理想主义，而这正是衡量前几任诺贝尔文学奖得主的

42、因素。”,61,“Mo Yans works are rather vulgar and dark and lack a sincere sympathy and respect for humanbeings and life,” Xiao said. 肖颖还说：“莫言的作品过于粗俗、黑暗，缺乏对人类以及生活的真诚共鸣与尊重。”,62,Lu said Mos works had a richness and complexity beyond the publicity his books usually enjoyed. However, he also pointed out that

43、“in general, Chinese literature tends to be overly admiring ofsheer power, and unquestioningly approving of human desire and materiality. 陆建德说，莫言的作品比大众所宣传的更加丰满且复杂。然而，他也指出，总体看来，中国文学往往极度推崇绝对权力，对人类欲望以及物欲照单全收。,63,“We havent been critical enough of the weakness, dark side and distortion of human nature,” hesaid. “我们对弱点、黑暗面以及人性扭曲的批判还不够。”他说道。 -THE END,64,新闻评论是个总称，其种类很多，归纳起来主要有两大类。 代表新闻媒介发表意见的评论，包括社论、本报评论员文章、短评、编者按、新闻述评等。 专栏评论、杂志、随笔以及多种形式广播评论、电视评论等。 从形式上，新闻评论有短篇新闻评论和长篇新闻评论。新闻评论结构严谨、布局合理。,2. 5 新闻评论的翻译,65,短篇新闻评论容易翻译，对篇幅很