英美概况试题范围(附答案)

1、.名词解释：1 .The Great Depression2 Industrial Revolution3 Melting Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution1.OnOctober24 ， 1929， theAmericanstockmarketcrashed.Billionsofdollarsofpaperprofitswerewipedoutwithinafewhours.Thisledtoalongeconomicdepression.2.TheIndustrialRevolutionreferstothemechanizationofin

2、dustryandtheconsequencesinsocialandeconomicorganizationinBritaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.Britainwasthefirstcountrytoindustrialize.TheIndustrialRevolutionin Britainfirstbeganinthetextileindustry.3.SincetheUnitedStatesisa nationofmanyethnicgroups， itisalsoknownas a“ meltingpot ， ” meaningimm

3、igrantsfromdifferentnationsallovertheworldhavemixedtomakeuptheAmericannation.4.BlackDeathwasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague， anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleas.It spreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandinthesummerof1348withoutwarning.Itkilledmanypeople.As aresultoftheplag

4、ue， muchlandwasleftuntendedandtherewasaterribleshortageoflabor.5.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthebasicinstrumentofAmericangovernmentandthesupremelawoftheland.Itistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld.Itwasdrawnupin1787andwentintoeffectin1789.Itfoundedfederalismandintroducedchecksandbalancesint

5、ogovernmentforthefirsttimeinhistory.。1929年 10月 24日 , 美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。这导致了长期的经济萧条。2。工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18世纪末和 19世纪初的英国。 英国是第一个工业化的国家。工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。3。因为美国是一个多民族的国家, 它也被称为 “大熔炉 ”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。4。黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病, 病由鼠蚤传播流行。在14世纪传遍欧洲。 它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫, 大片土地无

6、人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787 年制定 , 并于 1789 年生效。它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。theBlackDeathItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,andsparingnovictims.Itkilledb;.etweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,

7、muchlandwasleftuntendedandlabourwasshort.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告, 任何治疗 , 和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此 , 大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。BloodyMaryHenryVIIIdaughtersanda devoutCatholic.WhenshebecameQueen,shepersecutedandburntmanyProtestants.Soshewasgiventhenick

8、name“ Bloody Mary ” . Maryis also rememberedasthemonarchwholosttheFrenchportofCalais.亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后, 迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被“血腥玛丽 ”的绰号。玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。. theGreatLakesTheGreatLakesarethemostimportanterior,whichis thelargestfreshwatere entirelyin theU.S. LakeHuron,betweenCanadaandtheUnitedStateslakes

9、in theUnitedStates.TheyareLakeSuplakeintheworld,LakeMichigantheonlyonLake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located except Lake Michigan.五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖, 是世界上最大的淡水湖, 密歇根湖 , 唯一一个完全在美国, 休伦湖 , 伊利湖和安大略湖。他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。Whatismeantbytheterm“ welfarestate” inBritain?Thewelfarestateis a systemofgov

10、ernmentbywhichthestateprovidestheeconomicandsocialsecurityofitscitizensthroughitsorganizationofhealthservices,pensionsandotherfacilities.Thesystemisfundedoutof nationalinsurancecontributionsand taxation.InBritainthetermappliesmainlytoNationalHealthService(NHS),nationalinsuranceandsocialsecurity.“福利国

11、家 ” 政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS), 国民保险和社会保障。Whataresomeof thecharacteristicsofAmericaneducation? (1)Formaleducationin theUnitedStatesconsistsof elementary,secondaryand highereducation.(2)Publiceducationsis freeandcompulsory.(3)Diversityisconsidere

12、dtobean outstandingcharacteristicof Americaneducation.(4)Educationisa functionofthestates,not the federalgovernment.美国教育的特点是什么? (1) 在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2) 公共教育是免费和义务的。(3) 多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。;.(4) 教育是美国的函数 , 而不是联邦政府。Whatroledoesthecommunitycollegeplay?Whatfunctionsdoesitperform?WhatisitimportantinAm

13、ericanhighereducation?Whatistheguidingprincipleofsucha college? Thecommunitycollegeasaninstitutionis oneofthemostimportantinnovationsinthehistoryofAmericanhighereducationmoreaccessibleandinmeetingtheneedsofeducatedadults,employeesoflocalbusiness,professionalrequiringcertificationaswellas communityor

14、ganizations.Itperformsfivemainfunctions.First,it preparesstudentsfortransferringtoaBAprogram atafour-yearinstitution.Second,itprovidesvocationaltrainingforpeoplewhoarealreadyworkingorexpecttobeworkinginthefuture.Third,itgivesremedialinstruction tohigherschoolstudentswhoare underpreparedforcollegeaca

15、demicallyandadults who did not learnbasicskillsinelementaryorsecondaryschool.Fourth,itoffersrecreational,culturalactivitiesforadultswhoarenotseekingregularvocationaloracademicskill.Fifth,it absorbsstudentsin afour-yearprogramwhoarenot qualifiedintoalower-statusvocationalprogram.The guiding principle

16、ofcommunitycollegeishighereducationforeveryoneandthephilosophythatequalitymustmeanequal opportunityforself-realizationandfortherecognitionof individualdifferences.社区学院发挥什么作用?它执行什么功能 ?美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗?一个大学的指导原则是什么? 社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一, 美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求, 受过教育的成年人 , 本地业务的员工 , 专业要求认证以及社区组织。它执行五个主要功能。

17、首先, 它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次, 它为那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工作。第三 , 它给补救教学高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。第四 , 它提供了休闲、文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五, 它可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等, 承认个体差异。I.MultipleChoices:Chooseone rightanswerfromthe fourchoices:1.Thehighest mountainin Britain is_.A.

18、ScafellB.BenNevis（本尼维斯）C.theCotswoldsD.theForth2.Thelongest riverin Britainis _.;.A.theClydeB. theMerseyC.theSevern（塞汶河）D.theThames3.ThelargestlakeinBritainis_.A.theLoughNeage内伊湖B. WindermereWaterC.ConistonWaterD.theLake District4.Whichpartof Britainisalwaysfighting?A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.North

19、emIreland5.TheimmigrantscomingtoBritain are mainlyfrom_.A.EuropeB.theUnitedStatesC.AfricaD.theWestIndies,IndiesandPakistan6.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere_.A.theNormansB.theCeltsC.theIberians伊比利来D.theAnglo-Saxons7.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith_.A.RomaninvasionB.theNorman ConquestC.theVikingandDa

20、nishinvasionD.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion8.In 829,_actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.A.JohnB.JamesIC. Egbert埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王(829 839)D. Henry I9.ChristmasDay_,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.A.1056B. 1066C.1006D.106010.HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe_ dynasty.;.A.WindsorB. TudorC.Malc

21、olmD.Plantagenet11.In1265_summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.A.HenryIIIB.thePopeC.BaronsD.SimondeMontfort12.TheH undredYearswarstatedin _andwaendedin_,inwhichthe EnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof_.A.1337,1453,FlandersB.1337,1453,CalaisC.1346,14

22、53,ArgencourtD.1346,1453,Brest13.TheWarsofRoseslastedfor_yearsandking_wasreplacedbyking_.A.30,RichardIII,HenryTudorB.50,RichardIII,Henry TudorC.30,RichardI,HenryTudorD.50,RichardI,HenryTudor14.TheRenaissancebeganin_intheearly_century.A.England,14B.England,15C.Italy,14D.Italy,1515.TheEnglishCivilWari

23、salsocalled_.A.theGloriousRevolutionB.theBloodyRevolutionC.theCatholicRevolutionD.thePuritanRevolution16.In_,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom_intheMayflowertobe thefirstsettlersintheNewLand.A.1620,LondonB.1620,PlymouthC.1720,LondonD.1720,Plymouth17.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared_in England,whichoweda

24、greatdealtothe inventionofmachines.;.A.the IndustrialRevolutionB. theBourgeoisRevolutionC.the Wars of the RosesD.theReligiousReformation18.Englishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththe colonizationof _ in1583.A.CanadaB.AustraliaC.IndiaD.Newfoundland19._wasfamousfor hisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewithadivor

25、ced American:A.EdwardVIIIB.EdwardVIIC.GeorgeVID.GeorgeVII20.In January_Britainbecamea memberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.A.1957B.1967C.1973D.197921.soonafter _,Britainnotonlygaveup itseconmichegemonybutalsosufferedadeeplossofits positionof industrialleadership.A.1900B.the First WorldWarC.theSecond

26、WorldWarD.196022.In the 1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowest_ rateandthehighest_rate.A.inflation,growthB.growth,inflationC.growth,divorceD.growth,birth23.ThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept_.A.theexhaustionofold minesB. costlyextractionC.littlemoneybei

27、nginvestedD.thelabourshortage24.Britainforeignstradeismainlywith _.;.A.developingcountriesB.otherCommonwealthcountriesC.otherdevelopedcountriesD.EC25.TheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby_.A.theLordChancellorB. theQueenC.theArchbishopof CanterburyD.thePrimeMinister26.AGeneralElectionisheldevery_yearsandth

28、ereare_ membersofParliamentsareelected.A.five,600B.five,650C.five,651D.four,65127.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby_andheorshealways sitsin_.A.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommonsB.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLordsC.theQueen,theHouseofCommonsD.theQueen,theHouseofLords28.Theultimateauthori

29、tyforlaw-makingresidesin_.A.theQueenB.theCabinetC.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommons29.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude_.A.statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylawB.statutes,commonlawand equitylawC.statutes,commonlawandEuropean CommunitylawD.a completecode andstatutes30.Incriminaltrialsbyjur

30、y,_passessentencedand_decidethe issueof guilt orinnocence.A.thejudge,thejuryB.thejudge,thejudge;.C.the jury,thejuryD.theLordChancellor,thejury31._ tries the most seriousoffencessuchas murderandrobbery.A.MagistratescourtsB.YouthcourtsC.districtcourtsD.TheCrownCourt32.London sMetropolitanPoliceForceis

31、 underthecontrolof_.A.theEnglandsecretariesB.theScottishSecretariesC.NorthernIrelandSecretariesD.theHomeSecretary33.TheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin_andbasedat firston_.A.1948,ActsofParliamentB.1958,ActsofParliamentC.1948,theBillofRightsD.1958,theBillofRights34.Thenon-contributorysoci

32、alsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept_.A.warpensionB.childbenefitC.familycreditD.unemploymentbenefit35.Except that _ may notbea Roman Catholic,publicofficesareopenwithout distinctiontomembersofall churchsorof none.A.thelordChancellorB.thePrimeMinisterC.theSpeakerD.theministersof alldepartments

33、36.About90per centof the statesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUK attend_.A.independentschoolsB.juniorschoolsC.independentschoolsD.primaryschools37.There are some _ universities,including the OpenUniversity.A.900B.290C.90D.50;.38.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_ by law.A.receivecompletelyfreeeducationB.receiveparlyfreeeducationC.receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesare richD.receivenofreeeducationatall39.Withregardtoitssize