UNIT15 The Land and the People of the 杨威.ppt

1、UNIT15 The Land and the People of the Dreaming,澳大利亚是一个独特的多民族国家。澳大利亚土著居民已经在这片土地上生活了六万多年。养育了土著人的澳州大陆同时也滋养了土著文化，使其成为世界上最古老的文化之一。由于远离其他大陆，澳大利亚土著文化有自己的独特之处，土著居民常被称为梦幻民族：梦幻既是把他们联系在一起的信条与纽带，也是他们日常必须遵守的法律与规范。,assimilation - the state of being assimilated; people of different backgrounds come to see themselv

2、es as part of a larger national family,民族同化 民族同化是指一个民族在一定的历史条件下,同化于另一个民族的现象。历史上有两种民族同化。一种是自然同化，指某一个民族在长时期中受到另一个民族的影响，逐渐消失了本民族的特性，同化于另一个民族。这是历史民展中自然的进步的趋势。另一种是强制同化，是指反动统治者所衽的民族同化政策，如强制被压迫民族接受统治民族的语言、文字、风俗习惯，改变原有的民族特性。,The Policy of Assimilation (民族同化政策）,By the beginning of the 20th century the policy

3、 of protection had been replaced by the policy of assimilation. “Assimilation” was founded on the belief that the white culture was the progressive and superior whereas the Dreamtime was only a form of superstition. Children were taken away from their parents to be placed in church-run institutions

4、and the missionaries on the “protected reserves” set out to destroy the culture of the Dreamings and to replace it with Christianity.,As the children grew to adulthood many of them had lost both their families and their culture. They were employed as domestic servants or on cattle stations but were

5、paid only with food and clothes or with wages that were only a fraction of those paid to white workers. Young Aboriginal women were continually at risk of rape on the reserves, institutions, and in their places of employment.,There was a major contradiction underlying the official relationship of “A

6、ssimiliation” . Whilst it officially meant that both peoples would become as one, with the Aboriginal people merging into the larger Australian social ,in practice, assimiliation was accompanied by segregation. were excluded from the social, the political and the working life of mainstream Australia

7、ns. They had unequal conditions of entry into public houses, swimming pools and cinemas and were excluded from mainstream education and health services. Thy were also excluded from many forms of employment and from citizenship: Aboriginal people could not vote.,The double loss, of traditional cultur

8、e and exclusion from mainstream Australian society and culture, led to Aboriginal people being labelled lazy, stupid and drunken and dirty. This combination of exclusionary practices and cultural prejudices paralleled the systems of apartheid practised in the United States and South Africa. Racism w

9、as an entrenched part of Australian culture until the 1960s and operated at the personal and the institutional level.,The history of contact has been a history of loss for the People of the Dreaming, a history of : stolen land; stolen wages; stolen culture and; stolen children; We need to outline the development of mainstream Australian society and culture by investigating the alternative belief systems and t