(精华版)国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》《机电控制工程基础》网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案

1、(精华版)国家开放大学电大高级英语阅读(1)机电控制工程基础网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案(精华版)国家开放大学电大高级英语阅读(1)机电控制工程基础网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案 高级英语阅读(1)网络课答案 形考任务一（70分）Chapter 1 Exercise（分值7分）题目1 I. Vocabulary skills（3 points）Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left. (0.5 points each)

2、1.the bus or subway 2.proof of completion of courses of students 3.money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans 4.formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study 5.courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places 6.the points or grade a stud

3、ent gets on a test 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (4 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Experiencing Culture Shock A When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a

4、 culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. “I felt like I couldnt accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldnt get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the ru

5、naround. I felt like no one was listening to me.“ Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didnt realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which p

6、atience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. “I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what Im doing. In fact, its really fun being in a place thats so incredib

7、ly different from what I am accustomed to.“ B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didnt always have such an easy time studying in America. “Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time

8、 to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasnt actually learning anything.“ Yoshis reaction was to totally withdraw: he didnt participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion

9、. “I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style.“ C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students

10、, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. Accor

11、ding to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal,

12、 and inability to work effectively. D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of.

13、 Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus

14、 activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive. Recognizing Paragraph Topics（choose the paragraph letter）题目2 7. an explanation of culture shock 选择一项：C. C 题目3 8. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country 选择一项：D. D

15、 题目4 9. the experience of an international student in the United States 选择一项：B. B 题目5 10. the experience of an international student in China 选择一项：A. A Chapter 2 Exercise（分值7分）题目1 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, an

16、d wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0.4 points each) 1.kinds of extreme weather 2.Earths natural materials and gases 3. diseases or health disorders 4. seasons of the yea

17、r 5. natural areas or regions of the earth 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the Blues A Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold

18、New England weather-the sleet, snow, wind, and rain-but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy,

19、Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. “I soon realized that what I thought was just the winter blues was something more extreme than that.“ Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD. B S

20、easonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists dont completely understand the exact caus

21、es of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the bodys breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite

22、for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep. C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have impo

23、rtant celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year. D So what can SAD sufferers

24、do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front

25、 of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not prove

26、n useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness. 题目2 6. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because 选择一项：B. he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disord

27、er 题目3 7. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by 选择一项：C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain 题目4 8. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since 选择一项：A. ancient ti

28、mes 题目5 9. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better. 选择一项：A. do light therapy 题目6 10. This passage talks about_. 选择一项：B. Both A and B. Chapter 3 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Fast food can be good food

29、 Many people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day.so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious.But fast food doesnt have to be unhealthy.you can eat at f

30、ast-food restaurants and still eat well. Pay Attention to Calories and Fat Content By paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has ,you can make smarter choices.Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce”.condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-

31、pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat .a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich ,a side salad with low-fat dressing,and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories

32、 and 7 grams of fat .but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries .well,you can have a small hamburger,a small serving of fries,and a glass of water.At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat,thats still a much smarter choice than the large burger ,fries,and 20 grams of fat ,thats still a muc

33、h smarter choice than the large burger,fries,and sada. Theres More That You Can Do There are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurantS.First of all,say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each

34、 item).Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce,or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third,substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example,instead of ordering deep-fried tempura,order fresh vegetables.Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots o

35、f cheese and sour cream,order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice.and dont eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first.That way,you will eat some vegetables,and you wont be able to eat as much of your burger and fries.Fnally,eat slowly and st

36、op eating when youre full. It sounds simple,but many people keep eating even after they become full. 题目1 1.What is the main idea of this article ?_ 选择一项：C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurant 题目2 2.A small hamburger and small firies has _ 选择一项：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich an

37、d a salad. 题目3 3.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are_ 选择一项：D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water. 题目4 4.Manyonnaise and sauces probably_ 选择一项：C. have a lot of fat and calories. 题目5 5. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,_ 选择一项：A.

38、you eat less of the rest of your meal. II. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0.4 points each) 题目6 changes damaging losing global available The growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of

39、 various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a ri

40、ch Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposit

41、e effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are

42、 even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives. Chapter 4 Exercise（分值7分 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points）题目1 Mat

43、ch each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0.4 points each) 1.make sense 2.pedestrians 3.vehicle 4.teenager 5.fine 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) These

44、days, its getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they dont get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to “see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you

45、dont have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like MapQ and can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps

46、. Before MapQuest went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users w

47、ith millions of maps every day. In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roa

48、ds, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is “a place where two or more roads cross each

49、other”. MapQuest can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows m

50、ore time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just drive us wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost. 题目2 6.What is the main idea of this article? 选择一项：C. How mapping websites work

51、. 题目3 7.According to the article, MapQuest_ 选择一项：D. starting by selling paper maps. 题目4 8.When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest does is_ 选择一项：D. look at all possible paths. 题目5 9.When its deciding on the best route, MapQuest probably chooses _ 选择一项：C. freeways instead of dirt road

52、s. 题目6 10. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest considers _ 选择一项：D. the speed limits and types of turns on your route. Chapter 5 Exercise（分值7分）I. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctly answer eac

53、h question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each ) 题目1 1. What are the definitions of the two main types of families? 选择一项：D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family. 题目2 2. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family? 选择一项：A. The divorce rate w

54、ent down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States. 题目3 3. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s? 选择一项：A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and women didnt have to work away from home. 题目4 4. Wha

55、t changes will happen to family structure during the next decades? 选择一项：D. After the war, there were more divorces and fewer stay-home-mothers. 题目5 5. What will families be like in the future? 选择一项：B. Two-parent family will probably come back and all other family forms will end. II. Vocabulary Skill

56、s（2 points）Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. ( 0.4 points each) 题目6 living extended category typical believe The Family of the Future Many people today would like the traditional two-parent family backthat is to say, they want a man and a woman to marry for li

57、fe; they also think the man should sport the family and the woman should stay home with the children. However, few families now fall into this 6 category In fact, if more women decide to have children on their own, the single-parent household may become more 7 typical than the traditional family in

58、many countries. Also, unmarried couples may decided to have more childrenor they might take in foster children or adopt. And because people are staying single and 8 living longer (often as widows), there may be more one-person households in the future. On the other hand, some people 9 believe simila

59、r events happen again and again in history. If this is true, people may go back to the traditional 10 extended or nuclear family of the past. Others think the only certainty in history is changing: in other words, the structure of the future family could begin to change faster and fasterand in more and more ways. Chapter 6 Exercise（分值7分）I. Vocabulary skills（2 points）Complete the following statements by choosing the be