主语从句讲解及练习.ppt

1、,Subject Clauses主语从句,一、名词性从句的相关概念 二、名词性从句的种类： 、主语从句 1、主语从句的连接词： 2、主语从句的规律： 3、主语从句试题集锦： 、宾语从句 、表语从句 、同位语从句 三、课堂练习,句子的成分,【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？ 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？,名词 代词 形容词 数词 动词 副词 介词 连词 感叹词 冠词,表示数目或顺序 连接词与词或句与句的作用 用来限制名词的意义 表示动作或状态 名词、代词其他词之间

2、的关系 表示人或事物的特征或性状 表示强烈的感情 代替名词、数词等 表示动作的特征或性状特征 表示人或事物的名称,一.名词性从句的相关概念,1.名词： 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。 2.名词的句法作用： 名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语。 3.名词性从句： 在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。,4.名词性从句的种类： 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 5.主语从句： 在复合句中充当主语的名词性从句,一.名词性从句的相关概念,定义：

3、 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词 性从句之一。 引导主语从句的连接词有： 从属连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)； 连接副词: when, where, how和why。,1).从属连词：,1）从属连词：that， whether 引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略. whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。,That price will go up is certain. That he w

4、ill come is certain. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.,2).连接代词: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever,例: (1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership. (2).Whose bag it is can not be told. (3).What India nee

5、ds is a law to make land ownership fairer. (4).It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. (5).Whatever he said was right. (6).Whoever goes there must get ready by 6 oclock.,3).连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much ,how long, how soon, how often,例:(1).When well start

6、tomorrow will be told soon. (2).Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6).How often hell go to see his grandm

7、other depends on the time he can spare.,主语从句后置： 1. 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用 it 作 形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: That we shall be late is certain. - Its certain that we shall be late. 1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. -,It is a pity that you missed the chance.

8、,Its known to all that the earth is round.,1). It + be + 形容词 + that 从句,2. 用it 作形式主语的结构,(obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable等等) 如：,Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinher exam.,2）.It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句,(anhonour,afact,apity等等）如：,Itsapitythatwecantgo there with y

9、ou.,3). It + be + 过去分词 + that 从句,4). It + 不及物动词或短语 + that 从句,ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.,IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday. Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.,(said,reported,thought,expected,decided, announced,etc。） 如：,( seem, happen, doesntmatter, turn out等等) 如：,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略

10、这些连接词。,误：They should like each other is natural.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，表示“是否”讲时，不能用if引导，只能用whether;，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.,注 意,正： That they should like each other is natural. It is natural that they should like each other.,正：Whether Mary really hear

11、d him is really doubtful. It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance.,3）主语从句中用陈述语序,后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数,4）“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 常与其后的名词作表语一致 ，且根据句子的语境而定。 eg：,5) . 用于 It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从

12、句应使用虚拟语气, 用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。 6) . 在 It + be + suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。,总结,规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。 规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。 规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能 规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。 规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三

13、人称形式。 规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。 规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，而把从 句放在后面。,Make sentences :,Its certain that we will be late.,That well be late is certain.,We dont know whether he is coming or not .,Whether he is coming is not known.,We dont know what he wants to tell us.,What he wants to te

14、ll us is not known.,When you will come back doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter when you will come back.,作业：汉译英。 用两个方式来翻译,中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖是个好消息。 一个学生去学好英语是很重要的。 据报道中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖。 地球围着太阳转是个常识。,answers,It is a good news that Chinese writer Moyan gets the Nobel Prize in literature. That Chinese writer Moy

15、an gets the Nobel Prize in literature is a good news. It is important that a student learns English well. That a student learns English well is important. It is reported that Chinese writer Moyan got the Nobel Prize in literature. Chinese writer Moyan got the Nobel Prize in literature was reported.

16、The earth moves around the sun is a common knowledge. It is a common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.(_ th

17、ey will arrive )has been told to the teacher.,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D.

18、 How,2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where,3._ is known to us all that America is a developed country . A Which B As C What D It,4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _