电大汽车实用英语形成性考核册答案

1、电大汽车实用英语形成性考核册答案范本1汽车实用英语形成性考核册答案汽车实用英语第一次平时作业翻译四冲程发动机：Internal Combustion EngineThe engine is a self-contained power unit which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy for moving the vehicle. Because fuel is burned within the engine, it is known as an internal combustion engine. In

2、the internal combustion engine, air/fuel mixture is introduced into a closed cylinder where it is compressed and then ignited. The burning of the fuel causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crankshaft. The most common engine is the f

3、our-stroke piston engine. These four strokes are intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke.Intake StrokeThe intake stroke of a four-stroke engine begins with the piston at top dead center (TDC). The starter causes the crankshaft to rotate in a clockwise direction. The cranks

4、haft, through the connecting rod, forces the piston to move downward. This downward movement of the piston creates a vacuum, a difference in pressure, in the space above the piston. The engine manufacturer times the intake valve action so that it opens automatically at or slightly before the piston

5、starts down. Therefore, a mixture of gasoline and air, pushed by the atmospheric pressure outside the engine, rushes through the intake manifold and into the engine cylinder. At the same time, the exhaust valve remains closed during this downward stroke of the piston. This valve closure prevents the

6、 entering air/fuel charge from escaping through the exhaust port. After the piston reaches the bottom of its first stoke, the cylinder is practically full of an air/fuel charge. The drawing of an air/fuel charge into the cylinder in this manner, during the downward movement of the piston, constitute

7、s the intake stroke of the piston.进气冲程四冲程发动机的进气冲程从活塞上止点位置开始。起动机以顺时针方向转动曲轴，曲轴通过连杆迫使活塞向下运动。活塞的向下运动在活塞上方形成一真空（即压力差）区。进气门经过发动机厂商的正时设计，在活塞刚开始（或稍提前一点）向下运动时自动开启。这样，汽油和空气的混合物在发动机外部大气压力的推动下沿着进气歧管进入发动机气缸。同时，排气门在活塞向下运动的行程内保持关闭，防止正在进入的可燃混合气通过排气口排出。在活塞达到进气冲程下止点之后，气缸内已经充满了可燃混合气了。可燃混合气在活塞向下运动时被吸入气缸的这个过程就是进气冲程。内燃机发

8、动机是个自备动力的装置，将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用于推动车辆前行。由于燃料在发动机内部燃烧，故这种发动机被称为内燃机。在内燃机里，空气/燃料混合物被引入到封闭的气缸内，并在气缸内被压缩以及点燃。燃料燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升，并通过活塞和曲轴转换成有用的机械能。最常见的发动机是四冲程活塞式发动机。四冲程是进气冲程，压缩冲程，做功冲程和排气冲程。汽车实用英语第二次平时作业Compression StokeAfter the piston reaches bottom dead center (BDC), it moves upward again as the starter continue

9、s to turn the crankshaft in a clockwise direction. As the piston is beginning to move upward, the intake valve closes, and the exhaust valve remains closed. Since both valves are closed, the piston compresses the air/fuel mixture in the small space between the top of the piston and the cylinder head

10、. As the piston reaches TDC again during its upward travel, the compression stroke of the piston is over. The air/fuel charge is now under compression so that it will produce a great deal of power when the spark plug ignites it.Power StrokeJust as or slightly before the piston reaches TDC on the com

11、pression stroke with the air/fuel mixture fully compressed, a timed electrical spark appears at the spark plug. This spark ignites the compressed air/fuel mixture. The burning mixture begins to expand; the pressure in the combustion chamber above the piston immediately increases. This results in a h

12、igh pressure applied to the top of the piston. Now, both valves remain closed during the power stroke. This assures that the total force of the expanding gas applies itself to the head of the piston. This tremendous force pushes the piston downward on the power stroke, causing the connecting rod to

13、rotate the crankshaft. In other words, the force resulting from the expansion of the burning air/fuel mixture is turning the crankshaft.压缩冲程当活塞到达下止点之后，随着起动机继续按顺时针方向转动曲柄，活塞又重新向上运动。当活塞开始重新向上运动时，进气门关闭，排气门仍保持关闭。由于两个气门都处于关闭状态，活塞向上运动时将可燃混合气压缩在活塞顶部和气缸盖之间的狭小空间内。当活塞再次到达上止点时，压缩冲程结束。这时可燃混合气处于压缩状态，经火花塞点燃后就会产生大量

14、的能量。做功冲程在压缩冲程过程中活塞刚达到（或即将达到）上止点时，混合气得到充分压缩，这时火花塞上出现电子火花，将压缩的可燃混合气点燃。混合气燃烧时发生膨胀，使活塞上方燃烧室内的压力迅速增加，在活塞顶部产生巨大的压力。由于做功冲程过程中两个气门都处于关闭状态，这保证了气体膨胀产生的全部压力都作用在活塞顶部，活塞在这个巨大的气体压力推动下向下运动，带动连杆转动曲轴。换句话说，是可燃混合气体燃烧膨胀时产生的力在推动曲轴转动。汽车实用英语第三次平时作业Exhaust StrokeNear the end of the downward movement of the piston on the po

15、wer stroke, the camshaft opens the exhaust valve, but the intake valve remains closed. Although much of the gas pressure has expended itself driving the piston downward, some pressure still remains when the exhaust valve opens. This remaining pressurized gas flows comparatively freely from the cylin

16、der through the passage (port) opened by the exhaust valve. Then as the piston again moves up in the cylinder, it drives any remaining gases out of the cylinder past the open exhaust valve. As the piston travels through the TDC position and starts downward again in the cylinder, a new operating cycl

17、e begins. The four strokes are continuously repeated in every cylinder as long as the engine remains running.FlywheelThe engine cycle has only one power stroke where the piston is actually driving the crankshaft. During the other three stokes, the rotating crankshaft is moving the piston up or down

18、in its cylinder. Thus, during the power stroke, the crankshaft tends to speed up; during the other three strokes, it tends to slow down. To keep the crankshaft turning smoothly between two power strokes, the flywheel is attached to the end of the crankshaft. This wheel resists any effort to change i

19、ts speed of rotation. When the crankshaft tends to speed up or slow down, flywheel resists it.排气冲程在做功冲程活塞向下运动接近终了时，凸轮轴打开排气门，进气门仍保持关闭。虽然在推动活塞向下运动时，气体的大部分压力都已消耗掉，但在打开排气门时气体仍有一定的压力。这部分残余的气体较为自由地从气缸中通过排气门排出。接着，当活塞在气缸中再次向上运动时，活塞就将气缸中任何残余的废气通过排气门推出。当活塞在气缸中经过上止点后再次向下运动时，则又开始了一轮新的循环。飞轮发动机的一个工作循环中只有一个做功冲程是真正

20、驱动曲轴转动的。在其他三个冲程中，转动的曲轴带动活塞在气缸中向上或向下运动。因此，在做功冲程时，曲轴会加速转动；在其他三个冲程中，曲轴则会减速。为了保持曲轴在两个做功冲程之间能平稳转动，我们将飞轮安装在曲轴端头。飞轮起到稳定曲轴转速的作用。当曲轴有加快或降低转速的趋势时，飞轮会抵抗这种趋势。汽车实用英语第四次平时作业Exhaust StrokeNear the end of the downward movement of the piston on the power stroke, the camshaft opens the exhaust valve, but the intake v

21、alve remains closed. Although much of the gas pressure has expended itself driving the piston downward, some pressure still remains when the exhaust valve opens. This remaining pressurized gas flows comparatively freely from the cylinder through the passage (port) opened by the exhaust valve. Then a

22、s the piston again moves up in the cylinder, it drives any remaining gases out of the cylinder past the open exhaust valve. As the piston travels through the TDC position and starts downward again in the cylinder, a new operating cycle begins. The four strokes are continuously repeated in every cyli

23、nder as long as the engine remains running.FlywheelThe engine cycle has only one power stroke where the piston is actually driving the crankshaft. During the other three stokes, the rotating crankshaft is moving the piston up or down in its cylinder. Thus, during the power stroke, the crankshaft ten

24、ds to speed up; during the other three strokes, it tends to slow down. To keep the crankshaft turning smoothly between two power strokes, the flywheel is attached to the end of the crankshaft. This wheel resists any effort to change its speed of rotation. When the crankshaft tends to speed up or slo

25、w down, flywheel resists it.排气冲程在做功冲程活塞向下运动接近终了时，凸轮轴打开排气门，进气门仍保持关闭。虽然在推动活塞向下运动时，气体的大部分压力都已消耗掉，但在打开排气门时气体仍有一定的压力。这部分残余的气体较为自由地从气缸中通过排气门排出。接着，当活塞在气缸中再次向上运动时，活塞就将气缸中任何残余的废气通过排气门推出。当活塞在气缸中经过上止点后再次向下运动时，则又开始了一轮新的循环。飞轮发动机的一个工作循环中只有一个做功冲程是真正驱动曲轴转动的。在其他三个冲程中，转动的曲轴带动活塞在气缸中向上或向下运动。因此，在做功冲程时，曲轴会加速转动；在其他三个冲程中，曲

26、轴则会减速。为了保持曲轴在两个做功冲程之间能平稳转动，我们将飞轮安装在曲轴端头。飞轮起到稳定曲轴转速的作用。当曲轴有加快或降低转速的趋势时，飞轮会抵抗这种趋势。范本2电大汽车实用英语形成性考核册作业与讲评I.Translate the following phrases and expresses.1.disc brake:2.spark ignition and compression ignition:3.crankshaft and camshaft:4.Emission control system:5.Multi-cylinder engine:6.Clearance volume:

27、7.gasoline mixed with air:8.jump across the gap of spark plug:9.turn through a half revolution:答案：1、盘式制动2、点燃式和压缩式3、曲轴和凸轮轴4、排放控制系统5、多缸发动机6、余隙容积（燃烧室容积）7、空气和燃料混合气8、火花塞跳火9、旋转半圈II. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter in the correct answer.1An automobile includes the following major categories: the body, t

28、he engine, _ and the electrical system.A steering systemB power sourceC chassisD ignition system2. With front drive arrangement or rear-wheel-drive arrangement, _ transmit the power to the drive wheels.A piston engineB gearsC gears and shaftsD diesel engine3. _ is used to separate drive from the eng

29、ine to gearbox and to allow a smooth, progressive take-up of drive.A The clutchB The transmission systemC The drum brakeD The shock absorber4. If you want to control the front wheel over various kinds of road conditions, you need learn to use_.A steering gearB starting systemC steering systemD final

30、 drive5. In both drum and disc brakes,_ is used to connect the brake pedal to the brake parts at each wheel.A a hydraulic control systemB brake assemblyC a starting systemD a braking system6. A spark ignition engine has one more basic system than Diesel engine to run, it is_,A fuel systemB ignition

31、systemC lubricating systemD cooling system7. After the fuel system delivers air-fuel mixture to a cylinder, a (an) _ ignites the mixture.A electric sparkB batteryC spark plugD ignition system8. The _ system is applied to prevent metal parts of the engine from rubbing against each other.A emission co

32、ntrolB coolingC startingD lubricating9. The _ system is used to reduce the air pollution caused by the engine.A lubricatingB emission controlC startingD ignition10. In a four-stroke cycle, which one is actually doing work?A intake strokeB compression strokeC power strokeD exhaust stroke11. The short

33、comings of the petrol engine in the nineteenth century include the followings except _.A unreliable nature of the ignition systemB very expensive and not efficient enoughC no spark plug is usedD high fire risk caused by petrol12. The diesel engine is also called compression ignition engine because_.

34、A compression stroke is one of the four-strokes of a diesel engine.B the diesel engine is ignited by the heat of compression not by spark .C the diesel engine has a very high compression ratio.D Both A and B13. In the compression stroke, one main difference between a diesel engine and a petrol engin

35、e is that _.A the air is compressed in the sealed cylinder in the diesel engineB the petrol engine has a comparatively very low compression ratioC combustion occurs by spark ignition in the diesel engineD Both A and B14. The two basic types of fuel injection pumps used in the diesel engine are _ and

36、 in-line type.A out-line typeB low-pressure pipeC Distributor Pump AssemblyD fuel filter15. Compared with the in-line pump, the DPA has the following advantages: self-lubricating, easy servicing, low cost of production and _.A a common single elementB fitted to more bigger engines.C a more precision

37、-built unitD Both A and C16. _ makes the piston to move up and down in the engine cylinder.A pressure changesB piston headC atmospheric pressureD mechanical force17. During the power stroke, a force of up to 4000 pounds is suddenly applied to the piston head for _ times a second.A 30B 40C 70D 30 to

38、4018. Pistons for modern engines are made of _.A cast ironB steelC aluminum-alloyD tin-alloy19. The function of the piston rings is to _.A help cool the piston by transferring heat from the piston to the cylinder wallB provide a sliding seal between the piston and cylinder wallC scrape oil off the c

39、ylinder wall as the piston moves down on the power and intake strokes.D all of the above20. The connecting rod is made of _.A cast ironB forged alloy steelC aluminum-alloyD sheet steel答：15CCACD610BADBC1115CDDCA1620ADCDBIII.Match each number item with the most closely related lettered item and write

40、your answers in the space provided.A- pushrodB- camshaftC-camD-gearE-crankshaftF-flywheelG-rocker armH-connecting rodI- valve spring seatJ-throttleK-piston ringL-lifterM-cylinderN-valveO-valve springP-fuel tankQ-torque答：1H2K3A4E5C6FIV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form w

41、here necessary.1. friction2. charged3. cruise4.lubricating/to be lubricated5. worn6. combustible7. transmit8. compress9. harden10. aglignmentV. Translate the following sentences.1.With the introduction of computers and electronic devices, the modern vehicles electrical system is becoming more and mo

42、re complex.答：随着电脑及电子设备的发展，现代汽车的电器系统变得越来越复杂。2.The mass production of the automobiles has affected the society history in the 20th century most of all the inventions.答：在20世纪的所有发明中，汽车的大规模生产影响了整个社会历史。3.The suspension system can absorb the road shock, which results in a smoother ride, safer handling and

43、less mechanical wear.答：减震系统（悬架系统）能吸收路面震动，这有助于行驶平稳，操纵方便及有利于减小机械磨损。4.When the piston move to its highest position inside the cylinder, we can say it is at Top Dead Center (TDC).答：当活塞运动到气缸内的最高位置时，我们称之为上止点。5.As a mixture of water and antifreeze, coolant circulates through these water jackets, picking up

44、 heat and carrying it away.答：作为水和防冻液的混和物，冷却液在水套中循环，将热量带走。6.Although the other three strokes are necessary, they are idle strokes.答：虽然其它三个行程都必不可少，但它们都属于无效行程。7.Fuel tank is usually made of sheet steel with rectangular or circular in shape and have a capacity for approximately 270 liters of fuel.答：燃油箱通

45、常由矩形或圆形钢板制成，一般能储存270L左右的燃料。8.Diesels work turned out to be so successful by the first decade of the twentieth century that the engine was named after his name, the diesel engine.答：狄塞尔的工作被证明是20世纪初成功的发明，所以柴油机以他的名字来命名。9.The heavy stresses imposed upon the shaft during operation require its construction

46、 to be very stiff and tough. The material used for its manufacture is a special alloy steel, which is either cast or forged into shape.答：作用在轴上的力较大，从而要求制造轴的材料必须具有较高的强度，一般采用特种合金钢通过锻造或铸造成形。10.The rear end of the crankshaft usually contains a flange with a number of drilled and tapped holes. The flywhee

47、l is securely fastened to it.答：曲轴后端通常带有凸缘，上面钻有若干个孔，飞轮被固定在凸缘上。11.空气燃油混合气的燃烧使得活塞运动，并带动曲轴旋转。答：The burning of air-fuel mixture makes the pistons move up and down, then turn the crankshaft around.12.冷却液是水和防冻液的混合物，冷却液在水套中循环，将发动机的热量带走。答：As a mixture of water and antifreeze, coolant circulates through these

48、 water jackets, picking up heat and carrying it away.13.一个完整的发动机工作循环需要四个冲程：进气冲程、压缩冲程、作功冲程和排气冲程。答：The complete cycle of an engine requires four piston strokes: intake, compression, power and exhaust.14.柴油机是压燃式发动机。柴油机利用压缩热量来点燃燃料。答：The diesel engine is a compression ignition engine. The diesel engine u

49、ses compression heat to spark the fuel.15.柴油机和汽油机一个主要区别是柴油机的压缩比非常高。答：One of the difference between the diesel engine and the petrol engine is the compression ratio of the diesel engine is very high.第二次作业答案一、1、气门座2水冷系统3、气缸顺序4、短路5、正时延迟6歧管喷射7三元催化器二. 1B 2C 3C 4A 5D 6B 7D 8B 9C 10D 11B 12A 13D 14B 15D 16

50、A 17C 18A 19D 20A三.1-rocker arm2-valve springt seat3-spring4- valve5- lifter6-cam7-camshaft8-pushrod四.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.evaporatedilutesealdissipatesimultaneouslypositivebouncetransferboostwarm-up1. The water soon_ in the sunshine.2. Befor

51、e the comprehensive test, youd better do some _ exercise.3. The demonstrations in London and Pairs happened _.4. The company is taking a new measure to _ their export trade.5. The electrical charge can be either _ or negative such that like charges repel and opposite charges attract.6. Who is respon

52、sible for the _ of military supplies?7. He was drinking a glass of wine _ with water.8. The ball _ twice before hitting the net.9. The mist quickly _ as the sun rose.10. Put a _ here, it will help prevent oil leaking out.答：1、evaporate2、warm-up3、simultaneously4、boost5、positive6、transfer7、dilute8、boun

53、ces9、dissipate10、seal作业与讲评三一.1. 自动离合器2. 弹簧周向布置3.离心力4. 变速杆5.中间轴6. 直齿齿轮7. 独立悬架8. 操纵性能9. 麦弗逊立柱型悬架10.非独立悬架二.1D 2A 3B 4C 5A 6A 7A 8D 9A 10B 11C 12A 13D 14A 15D 16B 17D 18C 19C 20D三.a-9b-3c-10d-4e-7f-2g-1h-8i-5j-6四.1. transient2. appreciable3. bulging4. effects5. configuration6. intermediate7. harshness8.

54、 independant9. shielded10.dragging作业与讲评四一.1. 摩擦系数2. 操纵灵敏性3. 凹槽轮辋4. 迎面碰撞5. 电控单元6. 侧面碰撞监测7. 侧向加速度8. 换热器9. 固定节流孔10. 软管和管路二.1C2B3A4C5C6C7C8B9C10C11A12A13B14A15C16B17 C18B19D20A三.a-3b-1c-10d-6e-7f-4g-5h-8i-9j-2四.1. resonant2. split3. symmetric4. smashed5. collision6. slackens7. inflates8. sweat9. saturat

55、ed10. clumped2、一第二次作业翻译题：1、这可以解释为这样的事实，就是吸入冲程，冷饮空气通过吸入口和阀门头然后进入气缸，这样对吸入阀有一个散冷饮的效果。种特殊的镍铬合金涂料也可以被添加到阀门的头上，因为它提供了耐高温和腐蚀袭击废气的酸性物质的实验。3、为使他们能承受负荷的开启阀门，凸轮必须要有一个良好的深度硬化的制造过程。4、当阀门阀弹跳发生呯的一声关在阀上，这使它能反弹的效果。5、热由燃烧产生，从发动机内部零件传导向外翅片。6、冷却剂可以自由流通发动机的检查热点，其中包括气门和阀门、阀门座上部的缸壁上活塞和活塞环上下滑动。7、散热器的目的是为了让新鲜空气通过在管道中的流动减少冷却

56、剂的温度。8、低压点火线圈通过干电池转变成一个高电压。高压有足够的压力来跳过一个气隙的火花塞，其操作在约两和向两万伏特。9、活塞升起时，它会压缩准备点火的混合气体，在这一进程中，外部能量通过点火塞打火。10、各种各样发动机管理系统确定多少转矩生成。发动机管理系统的首要和最重要的任务是调节发动机的转矩生成控制所有这些功能和影响因素，在发动机的管理子系统中。11. Each cylinder has two valves. One is the intake valve and the other is the exhaust valve.12. The valve and associated

57、parts include the camshaft, the valves, valve seats, valve guides spring and seals.13. The valve trains are divided into side camshaft type and overhead camshaft type, according to the location of the camshaft.14. In order to make the position of the valve according to the right with the crankshaft open and close the camshaft must adjust according to the crankshaft and timing.15. Usually, a fan is made up of four to six curled blades. When the fan rotates, the leaf is pumping the air through the radiator.