高中非谓语动词课件35032.ppt

1、非谓语动词讲解,Nonfinite Verbs,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,1 The teachers sitting th

2、ere are from other schools.,表语,2 We saw some teachers sitting there.,宾语补足语,3 We need to be active in class.,宾语,谓语,宾语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,动词不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have do

3、ne,二. 动词不定式的句法作用法,在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening,My dream is to become a doctor.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(1)作

4、主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains,句型3：It i

5、s adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的 ）,（是形容事物的性质的 ）,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to sp

6、eak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,常见动词有：,(2)作宾语,I want to know this matter.,like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, preten

7、d, continue, start, afford, hate等,I dont expect to meet you here.,1).,接不定式做宾语,1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? 2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised _ (

8、 give ) me a hand.,B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do.,I dont know how to get there.,I havent de

9、cided whether to go or stay.,begin start continue,+,to do doing,注意下列动词,like love hate prefer,+,to do doing,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,try mean stop go on,+,to do doing,1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close 2.She reache

10、d the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest 4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off,(3)作宾语补足语,(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系),1. Mothertoldme_comebackbefore 10oclock. 2. Illgetsomeone_repai

11、rtherecorder foryou. 3. Whatcausedhim_changehismind? 4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him,advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wishoblige want warn remind promise permit persuade request,sb. to do,see watch look at hear listen to fe

12、el notice,+,sb.,+,do doing done,make let have,2).,Ioftenhearthem(sing)thissong.,Didyounoticeanyone(come)in? Iwouldhavehim(wait)formeforalongtime. Lookatthehorsejump.,注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不定式则要加上“to”如：,He is often heard _ the song,Hewasseen_theroom.,to sing,toenter,sb. be,seen watched looked at heard l

13、istened to felt noticed,+,to do,made let,4. it作形式宾语,I find/feel to work with him interesting ,I find/feel it interesting to work with him,注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。,Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth.,1.Wethought_better_startearly. 2.Doyouconsider

14、_betternot_go? 3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law. 5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers. 2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made hi

15、s deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate. 4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone 5. Tell the boy _ out of the window. not to look B. to not lookC. dont lookD. not look,help,(to)water,to take,cry,to cry,5.I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语) 不定式与它所

16、修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动） 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there. 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room. 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in.,1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB.

17、to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with 3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？ I have no p

18、en （写）,to write on,to write with,动词不定式做定语,注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：,He is looking for a room to live in ,Please give me a knife to cut with,(5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件。,I came here to see you We were very excited to hear the news He hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would l

19、ike him,(目的),(原因),(结果),(条件),动名词（gerund）,一. 动名词的基本构成,二. 动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：,1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,I hope you dont mind my saying it.,2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,Are you for or against having the meeting. I insisted on leaving at once.,三.动名词的功用,1.可作主语,Seeing is believing,Reading newspapers can increa

20、se our knowledge.,no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.,It is no use crying. It is no good objecting Looking after the patients is a nurses job. Its dangerous playing with fire. Its a waste of time copying others homework. There is n

21、o joking about the matter.,2.可作宾语, S. + vt.+ doing,Have you finished reading the book? I suggest doing it in a different way.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/cant help 承认 否定

22、 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind,注：在动词advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如,We dont allow people to fish here. 我们不准人们在这儿钓鱼。,People are not allowed to fish here. 人们不准在这儿钓鱼。,prefer.to. look

23、 forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,S. + v. + prep. + doing,e.g. She sat there without (speak) I look forward to (see) him again. Are you used to (live) there alone? When my fath

24、er heard the news, he couldnt help (laugh). I dont feel like (go) to see the film. He was busy (prepare) his lessons.,主动表被动:,want (需要) need (需要) require (需要) Sth. + + doing be worth (值得),使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,to be done,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义, The room wants (clean). The method needs (improve). Thi

25、s pair of shoes require (mend). The problem needs (work out). The question is well worth (discuss),d）动词 “like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。当用在 should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：,I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.,我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。,What would you like to eat toni

26、ght?你今晚上想吃什么？,Stop；forget；try； Mean；go on；,Others Examples,五.动名词的复合结构,动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语 1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encourageme

27、nt to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.,分词：Participles,一 分词的概述,1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（P

28、ast Participle）。,2. 现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词,3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动,Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.,2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成,Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled wat

29、er,二、分词的作用,1、作定语,分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。,（1）前置定语,He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books.我们只卖用过的书。,（2）后置定语,The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词

30、前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。,The bridge built last month needs repairing.,上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。,（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如：,Those who wish to join the club should sign here,(Those wishing to join this club should sign here.,),想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。,The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.

31、),由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。,(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.,（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：,the question discussed yesterday,昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）,the fallen leaves,落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动),2、作表语,分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：,She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is

32、really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。,3、作宾语补足语,可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。,I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。,现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别,四、作状语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,1. (Seeing/seen) from

33、the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,When they heard t

34、he bad news,Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,If they had been given more attention,Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,Because he was so angry,They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.,To serve the people well, I study hard.,判断下列句子正误：,1. To learn English well, a

35、 lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful. 3. Heating , water will boil. 4. Getting there, the door was found opened.,判断句子正误并改正：,1, Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital. 2. To get there in time, he told me to get up early. 3, Broken by Jim, I cant us

36、e the cup.,将下列状语从句改为非谓语 短语作状语： 1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.,He started early in order that he could get there on time.,将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句,1. Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. 2. Entering the room, I saw a

37、strange sight. 3. Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.,4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman . 5. Hearing her friend was bad- ly hurt, she burst into tears.6. Knowing his team had won, he became happy at once.,1. 句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态 eg: Do you have any clothes to wa

38、sh ? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid. 2. S +be+easy difficult hard pleasant interesting exciting comfortable +to do eg: This question is easy to answer . The boy is difficult to teach. 3. The house is to let （待出租）. 5.3 P56（7） The manager is to blame .,分词时态、语态的用法,分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同

39、时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的，要用被动语态 1._ out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. 2._ from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. 3.The teacher came in, _many students.(follow) 4.The teacher came in, _by many students.(follow),following,followed,分词时态、语态的用法,一、如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。

40、 1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. 2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried onto an ambulance.,分词时态、语态的用法,二、如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。 1. Not having finished his homework ,Tom was made to st

41、ay at school . 2. Having closed all the windows ,I went home. 3. Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy .,进行被动式： being done 表示一个正在进行动作的被动。,1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses

42、being put up.,完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。(not having done) 完成被动式：having been done,Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,1._(没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV. 2._(正在刷油漆), the house was

43、 not allowed to enter. 3._(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited. 4.The difficult maths problem _(很难算出）. 5.She was angry for _(没有被邀请）to the ball.,Not having been invited to the ball,is difficult to work out,not having been invited,Not having finished his homework,Being painted,7.The thief stole into the store

44、_(没人看到）. 8.The flat _(出租）. 9.The man who was on duty that day _（应受谴责）. 10.They were proud of _ (被派往西藏去工作）. 11.When the teacher came in, Tom _(假装在看书）.,12.Ni Ping is said _(写了一本名叫“日子”的书） 13.Song Dandan is said _(在写一本叫“月子”的书） 14._(从窗户往外看), I can see many tall buildings. 15._(从山顶往下看), the city looks mor

45、e beautiful. 16._(他有很多活要干）.Dont bother him.,to have written a book called “The Days”,to be writing a book named “ The Months”,Looking out of the window, Seen from top of the hill, He has a lot of work to do,独立主格结构,一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 独立主格结构（Independent Ge

46、nitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,Given more time, we could do it better.,Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.,1独立主格结构的形式：,（1）名词 / 代词 + -ing分词及其短语,The moon appearing, they decided

47、 to go on with their journey.The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following.,（2）名词 / 代词 + -ed分词及其短语,Good-bye said, we went home.All things considered, it is a good plan.,3.由There being +主语 这种结构多表示原因。例如：,There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight. 因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。,（3

48、）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语,The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.,（4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语,The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away.Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.,（5）名词 / 代词 + 副词及其短语,The meetin

49、g (being) over, we left the room.,（6）名词 / 代词 + 介词及其短语,She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.,2with + 复合宾语结构,这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。,（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名词The b

50、rave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.,（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.He was asleep with his head on his arms.Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free medical t

51、reatment, with medicines at half price.,（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词He went out with his hat on.The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.,4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词Dont speak with your mouth full.The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.,5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词With the old man leadi

52、ng, the two started toward the mountains.With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed.She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.,（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.With his matter settled, we

53、left the room.,（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work.This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.,不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作： Its

54、 no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much fat. 关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规则是： 1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expe 2. 逻辑主语是无生命的名词：Is there any hope of our team winning the match She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming he

55、re. 1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike comes D. Mikes coming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend Change the following into the simple sentences. That Peter didnt attend the

56、 meeting made it put off.,Thanks a lot!,不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its not good for you to eat so much fat. 关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规则是： 1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expe 2. 逻辑主语是无生命的名词：Is

57、there any hope of our team winning the match She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here. 1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike comes D. Mikes coming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend Change the following into the simple sentences. That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.,不定式、动名词用作主语,1。直接作主语 （1）眼见为实 （2）今天早晨做早操对身体 无益 （3）在这里吸烟很危险,1.To see is to believe 2.To do morning exercises today i