一种多功能真空摩擦磨损试验机外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

1、 外文翻译 A multifunctional vacuum friction and wear tester is mainly composed of a vacuum system, a friction wear system, a power transmission system, and a control system.The vacuum system comprises: a vacuum chamber (1), at least one observation window (4) arranged on the side wall of the vacuum cham

2、ber (1), a vacuum pump interface flange (11) for connecting a vacuum pump, and the arrangement on the top cover Configure multiple flanges of the feature;The friction wear system includes a lever structure (22) for fixing the upper specimen fixture (20) and being freely rotatable in both horizontal

3、and vertical directions, and a specimen for fixing the lower specimen disk (6). The platform (7), wherein the upper sample friction ball or friction pin (5) is fixed on the upper sample holder (20), and the temperature sensor (2) and pressure provided on the upper sample holder (20). Sensor (3);The

4、power transmission system comprises: a servo motor (9), the servo motor (9) driving the sample platform (7) and the lower sample disk (6) through the magnetic fluid coupling (10) and the rotary shaft (8);The control system consists of a composite vacuum gauge for measuring the degree of vacuum in th

5、e vacuum chamber (1), and for controlling the molecular pump, mechanical pump, high vacuum electromagnetic flapper valve, friction sample platform (7) rotation and lever structure ( 22) Control system for functional components such as electric lifts.2. The vacuum friction and wear tester according t

6、o claim 1, wherein the specimen holder has a hollow portion, and the temperature sensor inserts a sample friction ball through the hollow portion or The pin (5) is rubbed to approximate the friction interface.3. The multifunctional vacuum friction and wear testing machine of claim 2, wherein the lev

7、er structure (22) comprises a cantilevered beam (18) and a vertical arm (23) disposed vertically, the cantilevered beam (18). The vertical arm (23) is connected by a two-degree-of-freedom bearing structure (17), and the sample fixture (20) is disposed at one end of the cantilever (18) at the cantile

8、vered jaw (18) and the bearing structure (17). Two-thirds are provided with a weight plate (19), and a counterweight (16) is provided at the other end of the cantilever beam (18).The multifunctional vacuum friction and wear tester according to claim 3, further comprising a robot hand (15) and a hand

9、 wheel mechanism (13), the cantilever beam (18) being controllable by a robot (15) In both horizontal and vertical rotation, the vertical arm (23) is placed on a high-accuracy displacement platform (12), which can be controlled horizontally by the hand wheel mechanism (13). The precise movement to a

10、djust the position of the friction contact point, through the precise control of the manipulator (15) and the handwheel mechanism (13), can control the position of the cantilever beam (18) and accurately adjust the position of the upper: lower sample contact point.5. The multifunctional vacuum frict

11、ion and wear tester according to claim 4, wherein the robot hand (15) and the hand wheel mechanism (13) are respectively installed in the vacuum chamber through a dynamic sealing device (14). ) on the shell.The multifunctional vacuum friction and wear tester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wh

12、erein the vacuum friction and wear tester further comprises a data acquisition processing system and a motion control system, wherein the data acquisition and processing system comprises: : The data acquisition card (25) for receiving the signals of the temperature sensor (2) and the pressure sensor

13、 (3), the data acquisition card (25) transmits the collected signal to the computer (26), and is supported by a matching software system. The collected data is analyzed, processed, displayed in real time, generated curves and experimental reports. The motion control system includes a software system

14、, a microcontroller and a servo system.The vacuum friction and wear tester according to claim 6, wherein the vacuum friction abrasion tester comprises high-speed direct mechanical pumps connected to the vacuum chambers (1) through vacuum pump interface flanges (11), respectively. With a turbomolecul

15、ar pump, a vacuum of 6X 10Pa can be achieved in the vacuum chamber (1) by successively starting the high-speed direct-coupled mechanical pump and the turbo molecular pump.8. The multifunctional vacuum friction and wear tester according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic fluid coupling (10) of the powe

16、r transmission system is reliable by docking the coupling flange and the vacuum chamber (1). The dynamic seal, its leakage rate is less than 1X10Pa.m.s.0001 The present invention pertains to the field of material and device performance testing, and specifically relates to a multifunctional vacuum fr

17、iction wear tester capable of simulating the effects of space environment factors (such as a high vacuum environment) and performing friction material and device performance tests.Background technique0002 With the development of aerospace and other high technologies, many equipment such as spacecraf

18、ts are operated in a high-vacuum environment (10 Pa 10Pa level), and the vacuum environment conditions will bring about special tribological problems. For example, in the absence of oxygen and other atmospheric reactants in the vacuum, the oxide film on the metal surface is quickly removed during th

19、e rubbing process, and it is difficult to form a new oxide film. Therefore, the rubbing surface is quickly exposed to the “exposed” state and the fresh metal surface. Severe adhesion occurs in direct contact with each other; there is no diffusion convection of the gas to remove the frictional heat i

20、n time, the temperature of the friction surface will rapidly increase, thereby changing the physical properties and chemical stability of the friction material; the liquid lubricant molecules will be in a vacuum. It evaporates at a very high rate, causing rapid loss of lubricant and rendering it ine

21、ffective.0003 To solve the problem of lubrication in a vacuum environment and develop various new types of lubricating materials, a large number of tribological experiments must be conducted. Compared with the friction and wear test under the actual working conditions of equipment parts, the laborat

22、ory simulation test environment and working conditions are relatively easy to control, the test conditions vary widely, the test cost is relatively low, and the comparative system can be obtained in a short time. data. Therefore, in the research of tribology, the laboratory simulation test has been

23、widely used, and the development of the corresponding test and test equipment and technology is very important.0004 The vacuum friction and wear tester is a basic tool for tribological design and lubrication material selection in a vacuum environment. Because the vacuum friction and wear tester invo

24、lves key technologies such as vacuum acquisition, dynamic sealing, and real-time signal acquisition, the styling products used for the study of the friction and wear characteristics of materials in a vacuum environment at home and abroad are still scarce.0005 With the increasing attention paid to th

25、e problem of vacuum tribology, researchers at home and abroad have carried out the development of a vacuum friction tester.0006 Beijing Institute of Mechanical Industry and Tsinghua University, Cui Zhouping, Liu Jiaxuan and others have developed MT-1 vacuum friction and wear testing machine, the mac

26、hine can be in a variety of conditions such as vacuum, gas, heating and cooling, friction and wear of materials The mechanism study can provide a pressure environment from the atmosphere to 6.7 X 10 Pa. Its measurable load and velocity and temperature and vibration characteristics have a wide adjust

27、able range, and the introduction of a computer-aided data acquisition and processing system, measurement parameters Many, repeatability and experimental accuracy are better.Song Baoyu and others of Harbin Institute of Technology also developed the SY-1 vacuum friction and wear tester, which is mainl

28、y composed of a friction tester, a vacuum system, and test parameters in a vacuum chamber. It is composed of four parts: the instrument system and the data acquisition and processing system. It can provide a pressure environment of 4 X 10 Pa, and the speed can be adjusted within the range of 0-2800r

29、/min. It can perform various conditions such as vacuum, charging different gases, heating and cooling. Under the material tribological performance test. The main problem with these devices is that the degree of vacuum that can be provided is too low to realistically simulate the aerospace high vacuu

30、m environment in which the spacecraft and others are working. In addition, although the equipment is equipped with a data acquisition system and corresponding software, it was limited by the technical level at the time. The operation and maintenance of the equipment is relatively complicated and the

31、 stability needs to be improved.0007 Swiss CSM company produced HVT, VTR two types of vacuum friction and wear testing machine and can provide a 10-Pa high vacuum environment, and pumping high vacuum to 10-5 Pa less than 2 hours, the primary vacuum only It takes 10 minutes. The friction and wear rat

32、e during the test can be accurately measured and calculated by the sensor and supporting software. Equipment accuracy and safetyHigh, easy to operate. However, the current market price of such equipment is high, the minimum configuration is also more than 200,000 US dollars, and procurement and afte

33、r-sales service are not very convenient.Summary of the Invention0008 The present invention optimizes and integrates an ultra-high vacuum system and a multi-functional friction wear tester, and successfully develops a multi-functional vacuum friction wear tester having an ultimate vacuum of 610 Pa. A

34、fter subsequent expansion, the tester can perform friction and wear tests under vacuum, radiation, corrosion and other special environmental atmospheres, in order to provide more basic equipment for the study of tribology of special conditions.0009 The present invention relates to a multifunctional

35、vacuum friction wear tester, which is mainly composed of a vacuum system, a friction wear system, a power transmission system, and a control system. The vacuum system comprises: a vacuum chamber (1), at least one observation window (4) arranged on the side wall of the vacuum chamber (1), a vacuum pu

36、mp interface flange (11) for connecting a vacuum pump, and the arrangement on the top cover A plurality of flanges for configuring a functional part; the friction and wear system includes a lever structure (22) for fixing the upper specimen fixture (20) and freely rotatable in both horizontal and ve

37、rtical directions. Fix the sample platform (7) of the lower sample plate (6), wherein the upper sample friction ball or friction pin (5) is fixed on the upper sample clamp (20) and the upper sample clamp (20) The temperature sensor (2) and the pressure sensor (3) on the ); the power transmission sys

38、tem includes: the servo motor (9), the servo motor (9) drives the test through the magnetic fluid coupling (10) and the rotary shaft (8) The sample platform (7) and the lower sample plate (6) rotate; the control system includes: a composite vacuum gauge for measuring the degree of vacuum in the vacu

39、um chamber (1), and a molecular vacuum pump, a mechanical pump, and a high vacuum electromagnetic shield. The control system for functional components such as plate valves, frictional specimen platform (7) rotation and lever lift (22) electric lifts. 0010 The specimen holder (20) has - a hollow port

40、ion through which the temperature sensor (2) is inserted with a sample pin or ball (5) to approach the friction interface. 0011 The lever structure (22) includes a cantilever beam (18) and a vertical arm (23) arranged vertically, and the cantilever beam (18) and the vertical arm (23) are connected t

41、hrough a two-degree-of-freedom bearing structure (17) The upper specimen holder (20) is disposed at one end of the cantilever beam (18), and a weight disc (19) is disposed at two-thirds of the center of the cantilever raft (18) and the bearing structure (17). The other end of (18) is provided with a

42、 counterweight (16).0012 The multi-functional vacuum friction wear testing machine further includes a robot (15) and a hand wheel mechanism (13), the cantilever (18) can be controlled by the robot (15) for horizontal and vertical rotation, The vertical arm (23) is placed on a high-accuracy displacem

43、ent platform (12), which can be controlled by a hand wheel mechanism (13) to perform precise horizontal movement through the manipulator (15) and The precise control of the handwheel mechanism (13) can control the position of the cantilever beam (18) and precisely adjust the position of the friction

44、 and wear contact point, so that one sample can be performed without deflation and re-vacuum. Several tests with different friction radii are performed, which greatly reduces the test time and cost;The robot hand (15) and the hand wheel mechanism (13) are respectively mounted on the housing of the v

45、acuum chamber (1) through the dynamic sealing device (14).0014 The multi-functional vacuum friction wear testing machine further includes a data acquisition processing system, the data acquisition processing system includes: a data acquisition card for receiving the signals of the temperature sensor

46、 (2) and the pressure sensor (3) (25) The data acquisition card (25) transmits the collected signal to the computer (26) and analyzes and processes the collected data by the supporting software system, real-time display, curve generation and experiment report. The motion control system includes a so

47、ftware system, a single-chip microcomputer and a servo system, and a motion control system is used to adjust the motion parameters such as the sliding speed and the direction during the friction test.0015 The multi-functional vacuum friction wear testing machine includes a high-speed direct-coupled

48、mechanical pump and a turbomolecular pump which are respectively connected to a vacuum chamber (1) through a vacuum pump interface flange (11), and successively start the high-speed direct mechanical device. Pumps and turbinesThe pump can achieve a vacuum of 610Pa inside the vacuum chamber (1). The

49、power transmission systems magnetic fluid coupling (10) is connected via the coupling flange and the vacuum chamber (1) to achieve a reliable dynamic seal. The leak rate is less than 1X10Pa.ms. 0016 The basic functions of the testing machine of the present invention are spatial high vacuum environme

50、nt simulation and tribological performance testing. The multifunctional tribological performance test module is integrated and assembled in the environment simulation system, wherein the tribological test module can be tested in a variety of contact manners within a wide range of operating speeds an

51、d load ranges; and the solids can be separately determined through a reasonable tooling design. Lubricant materials (standard test pieces) and friction components (bearings, gears, and other typical parts) perform environmental damage studies and tribological performance tests.0017 Compared with sim

52、ilar testing machines, this testing machine has the following remarkable features:0018 First, the vacuum chamber size design and vacuum unit configuration is reasonable, can provide the ultimate vacuum degree of 6X10*Pa, and the vacuum pumping time is short and the test period is short;0019 Secondly

53、, the position of the contact point of the friction pair can be precisely adjusted outside the vacuum chamber, so that multiple tests of different friction radii can be performed on one sample without deflation and re-evacuation. Test time and cost are greatly reduced;0020 Third, the device can simu

54、late the operating conditions of various typical friction parts in a variety of relative motions over a wide range of speeds and loads. At the beginning of the design of the equipment, expansion and versatility are taken into consideration. After a reasonable tooling and test method design, a variet

55、y of space tribology and environmental simulation tests can be performed.0021 Fourth, the tester is easy to operate and maintain, the test data is accurate and reliable, and the overall cost is low.原 文 一种多功能真空摩擦磨损试验机,其主要由真空系统、摩擦磨损系统、动力传动系统、控制系统构成， 其中真空系统包括:真空室(1),在真空室(1)的侧壁布置的至少一个观察窗(4),用于连接真空泵的真空泵接

56、口法兰(11),以及在顶盖上布置的配置功能部件的多个法兰; 摩擦磨损系统包括:用于固定上试样件卡具(20) 的并可在水平和竖直两个方向自由旋转的杠杆结构(22),用 于固定下试样盘(6)的试样平台(7),其中上试样摩擦球或摩擦销(5)固定在上试样卡具(20)上,以及设置在上试样卡具(20).上的温度传感器(2)和压力传感器(3) ; 动力传动系统包括:伺服电机(9) ,伺服电机(9)通过磁流体联轴器(10) 和旋转轴(8)带动所述试样平台(7) 和下试样盘(6)转动; 控制系统包括:用于测量真空室(1)内的真空度的复合真空计,以及用于控制分子泵、机械泵、高真空电磁挡板阀、摩擦试样平台(7)旋转

57、和杠杆结构(22) 的电动升降机等功能性部件的控制系统。 2. 如权利要求1所述的真空摩擦磨损试验机,其特征在于,所述试样卡具(20)具有一中空部，所述温度传感器(2)通过中空部插入上试样摩擦球或摩擦销(5)以接近摩擦界面。 3.如权利要求2所述的多功能真空摩擦磨损试验机，其特征在于,所述杠杆结构(22)包括呈垂直设置的悬臂梁(18)和竖直臂(23),悬臂梁(18)和竖直臂(23)通过两自由度轴承结构(17)连接,试样卡具(20)设置在悬臂梁(18)的一端部，在悬臂粱(18)与轴承结构(17)之间三分之二处设置有砝码盘(19),在悬臂梁(18)的另-端设置有配重(16)。 1. 如权利要求3所

58、述的多功能真空摩擦磨损试验机，其特征在于,还包括机械手(15)和手轮机构(13),所述悬臂梁(18)可通过机械手(15)控制进行水平和竖直两个方向的转动,所述竖直臂(23)放置于高精度位移平台(12) 上,所述高精度位移平台(12)可通过手轮机构(13)控制进行水平方向的精确移动，以调节摩擦接触点的位置,通过机械手(15)和手轮机构(13)的精确控制，可以控制悬臂梁(18)的位置并精确调节上: 下试样接触点的位置。 5.如权利要求4所述的多功能真空摩擦磨损试验机，其特征在于,所述机械手(15) 和手轮机构(13)分别通过动密封装置(14)贯通地安装于真空室(1)的外壳上。 6.如权利要求1至5

59、之一所述的多功能真空摩擦磨损试验机,其特征在于,所述真空摩擦磨损试验机还包括数据采集处理系统和运动控制系统，所述数据采集处理系统包括:用于接收温度传感器(2)和压力传感器(3)的信号的数据采集卡(25),数据采集卡(25)将采集到的信号传送到计算机(26)，并由配套的软件系统对所采集到的数据进行分析处理、实时显示、生成曲线和实验报表，所述运动控制系统包括软件系统、单片机和伺服系统。 7.如权利要求6所述的真空摩擦磨损试验机，其特征在于,所述真空摩擦摩损试验机包括分别通过真空泵接口法兰(11)与真空室(1)连接的高速直联机械泵和涡轮分子泵,通过先后启动所述高速直联机械泵和涡轮分子泵,可使真空室(1)内达到6X 10Pa的真空 8.如权利要求7所述的多功