初中英语近义词辨析中考复习

1、初中英语近义词辨析中考复习1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复 数 ，cloth指 布 ， 为 不 可 数 名 词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apiece of, an article of2. f amily, house, homehome 家，包括住处和家人， house 房子，住宅， family 家庭成员 . my family is a happy one.3. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音， voice 人的嗓音，noise 噪音 i hate the loud n

2、oise outside.4. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing 画的画 .5. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数， people 具体的人 china has a large population.6. r oad, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路， street 街道， path 小路，小径， way 道路，途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museu

3、m.7. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do ， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接 of doing. ive got the habitof drinking a lot.8. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数）， practice （反复做的）练习practice makes perfect.9. class, lesson作 课 解时 , 两者可以替换 . 指课文用lesson.指 班 级或全 体学生 用class.lesson 6; c

4、lass 5.10. officer, officialofficer部队的军官， official政府官员an army officer11. work, job二者均指工作。 work 不可数， job 可数 agood job12. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers13. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land 国土，国家 the whole nationwassad at the ne

5、ws.14. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指 某 个 具 体 的 警 察thepoliceare questioningeveryone in thehouse.15. problem, questionproblem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise， question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用 .16. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡， chicken 还可以当鸡肉 the chicken is delicious.17. trip, journey

6、, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的， trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途， voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip18. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则hisfavoritesport is swimming.19. price, prizeprice 价格，prize ， 品， 金 win the first prize, the price is high/low.20. a number of, the number ofa number

7、of 多， 用复数。thenumber of 的数目， 用 数。the number of students is increasing.21. in front of, in the front ofin frontof 范 外的前面， in the frontof 范 内的前面 in the front of the room sits a boy.22. three of us, the three of usthreeof us 我 （不止三个）中的三个，the three of us 我 三个（就三个人） the three of us-tom, jack and i went to

8、 the cinema.23. by bus, on the busby bus 表手段，方式，不用冠 ，on thebus 表范 they went there by bus.24. next year, the next yearnext year 将来 状 ， the next year 去将来 状 he said he would go abroad the next year.25. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替， in the place of在地方 a new building is built in the place of

9、 the old one.26. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩 , one girl一个女孩 can one girl carry such a big box? 27. the doctor and teacher, the doctorand the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医 生 又 是 老 师 ， thedoctorandtheteacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老 the doctor and teacher is28. in bed, on the bedin bed 卧在床上， on the bed

10、在床上 the book is on the bed. he is ill in bed.29. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理， 照料， in the charge of 由照料 he is in charge of the matter. the matter is in the charge of her.30. in class, in the classin class在 上， in the class在班 里 he is the best student in the class.31. a second, the sec

11、onda second 又一，再一， the second 第 he won the second prize.32. it, oneit 同一物体， one 同 不同一 i lost my pen. i have to buy a new one.33. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this 出下文所要 的 i was ill. thats why34. none, nothing, no onenone 有多少， nothing, no one强调有没有， nothing指物， no one 指人- how many/how much? - none.35. anyone

12、, any oneanyone 指人，不能接of ，any one 指人物均可，可接of any one of you36. who, whatwho 指姓名或关系， what 指职业或地位 what is your dad? he is a teacher.37. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?38. other, anotherother后接名词复数， another后接名词单数 other students, another student39. many, much

13、, a lot ofmany 和可数名词连用，much 和不可数名 用， a lotof 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句i havent many books.40. much more than, many more thanmuch morethan 后接形容 或不可数名 ， many morethan 后接可数名 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful41. no, notno=nota/anynofriend=notfriend no water=not any water42. by oneself,forone

14、self,toof oneselfa/any oneself,by oneself 独的，独自的， for oneself 自 己， tooneself供自 己用的，ofoneself自行的，自动的 the door opened of itself.43. at all, after allat all根本，全然 , after all到底，毕竟 after all he is a child.44. tall, hightall常指人或动物， high 常指物体 he istall.45. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点， quickly侧重指某事完

15、成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly46. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthful exercise47. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉， asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语， sleepy 困的，有睡意的a sleepingbaby the baby is asleep.imsleepy.48. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语thevery man,just the man49

16、. real, truereal真的，真实的， 指的是事实上存在而不是想象的， true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story50. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语， pleased 主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物a pleasant tripthe trip is pleasing.51. ill, sickill做表语， sick定，表均可a sickboy52. good, wellgood 形容词， well副词，但指身体状况是形容词

17、he is well again.53. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音， silent不发出声音， 但可以动， still完全不动，完全无声响he stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。54. hard, hardlyhard 努力， hardly几乎不 work hard ican hardly believe it.55. almost, nearly二者均为 几乎 , 差不多 和否定词连用用 almost almost nobody56. late, latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来 ihave

18、ntseen him lately.57. living, alive, live, livelyliving,alive,live均为活着的， living定表均可， alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthe livingpeople=allthe people alive58. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的， exciting令人兴奋的 im excited. the news is exciting.59. aloud, loudaloud出 声 地 ， loud大 声 地readaloud( 出声地读 )60.

19、worth, worthy二者均为值得， worth 后接 doing ，worthy后接 to be done, of being doneit is worth be visited.visiting. = its= its worthyworthy to of beingvisited.61. bad, badlybad 形容词，badly 副词，不好，但与 need, want, require 连用为 很，非常 go bad i need the book badly.62. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后， long before很久

20、以前 not long before = before long63. quite, ratherquite完 全 地 ， 相 当 于completely,rather修饰比较级quite impossible64. happy, gladhappy 高兴，幸福，定表均可， glad 高兴，只能做表语a happy girl65. instead, instead ofinstead是 副 词 ，放 在 句 首 或句 末 ，instead of是介词短语，放在句中he didnt see a film. instead he watched tv. he watched tv instead

21、of seeing a film.66. too much, much tootoo much后接不可数名 ，much too后接形容 much too heavy 67. raise, riseraise 及物 ， rise 不及物 the sun rises in the east.68. bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来， take 走， carry随身携 ，fetch 去回 一往返 作 fetch a box of chalk69. spend, take, pay, costspend 人做主 ，花 ，花 ; spendonsth./in doing

22、sth; take物做主 ，花时间 ;pay 人做主 ，花 ，pay for; cost物做主 ，花 70. join, join in, take part injoin加入某个 ，并成 其中的一 ；join in参加小型活 , join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活 he joined the army five years ago.71. learn, studylearn学 ， 重学 的 果，study学 ， 重学 的 程，研究study the problem72. want, hope, wishwant 打算，想要， want to do, want sb

23、.to do, hope 希望（通常可以 ） ， hopeto do/ hope that wish希望（通常不能 ） wish (sb.)to do, wish sb/sth.+ n. i wish you success.73. discover, invent, find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西， invent发明本来不存在的物体，findout 发现，查明 at lasthe found outthe truth.74. answer, replyanswer 及物动词， reply不及物动词，后接75.to reply to the letterleav

24、e, leave forleave离开， leave for前往he leftbeijing for shanghai.76. rob, stealrob抢劫 rob sb. of sth.， steal偷steal sth. from sb.77. shoot, shoot atshoot 射死， shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中 he shot the bird and it died.78. drop, falldrop 及物不及物均可， fall 不及物动词 prices fell/dropped. he dropped his voice.79. search, search fo

25、rsearch后接地点， search for后接东西he searched his pocket for money.80. used to, be used toused to 过去常常， be used to 习惯于，后接 sth./doing sth. ；被用来，后接 do sth. he is used to getting up early.81. win, lose, beatwin 后接 sth. ，反义词为lose, beat后接 sb. win the game, beat them82. live on, live bylive on 以 主食， live by live

26、 on fish/ live by fishing 83. beat, hit, strike靠 生beat 性地 打； hit打中， 准打；strike 打一下或若干下 beat the wings 84. lose, misslose失去（具体的物体） ， sth. islost, lose the chance； miss 想念， 过 sth. is missing, miss the chance85. care about, care forcare about 关心， ，在乎，一般多用于否定句中； care for 关心，照料，喜 ，愿意he doesnt care about h

27、is clothes. i dont care for movies.86. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold 不能和表示 一段时间 的状语连用，而have a cold可以she has had a cold for a week.87. continue, last二者均为持续， continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.thestory is to be continued.88. feed, raisefeed 喂养，养活，饲养 (togive food to) ，rais

28、e饲养，养育 (causeto grow, bringup children)raise the family89. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo fora doctor去请医生， go to a doctor去看病90. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice注意到， observe 观察，仔细地看，catch sight of突然看到observe thestars91. look, seem, appearlook 指从外表上看， seem指内心的判断，appear 指给人以表面的印象 appear wise, l

29、ook like his father92. gather, collectgather把 分 散 的 东 西 集 中 到 一 起 ，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collect stamps93. die from, die ofdie from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等， die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieof hunger and cold94. divide, separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开divide the apple, separate the houses

30、 95. arrive, get, reacharrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点 ) ，at( 小地点 ) ， get不及物动词后接to ，reach 及物动词arriveinbeijing,gettobeijing,reach beijing96. grow, plantgrow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去， plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing 97. manage, trymanage to do 设法做成了某事，tryto do尽力去做某事但不一定成功he triedtopasstheexam,bu

31、thefailed.98. build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用语， 建成， put up 临时搭建，set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全），found 国家或 的建成 put up a tent, set up a school99. be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物 某人来 是熟悉的， be familiar withthebookisfamiliar某人熟悉某物 to me.imfamiliar with the book.100. agree with, agree to, agree

32、onagree with同意某人， agree to同意某事， agree on 在上达成一致意 ，主 是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan101. throw to, throw atthrow to扔到 , throw at朝扔hethrow a stone at me.102. receive, acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 i received a gift, but i didnt accept it.103. wear, put on, dresswear 和 dress 表状态 ,wear 接衣服等

33、 , 可用进行时，dress 接人 ,be dressed in,puton 表动作its cold outside. put on your warm clothes.104. listen, hearlisten 强调动作， hear 强调结果 i listened, but i heard nothing.105. look, see, watchlook 看的动作， see 看的结果， watch 强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch tv106. lie, laylie躺，位于 (lay, lain),说谎 (lied,lied)， lay 平放 (laid,laid)lay t

34、he book107. hurt, injure, woundhurt感情上受伤， injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤he was wounded in thewar.108. turn, get, growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get 强调变的结果， grow 强调过程， 逐渐的变化turn yellow, get tired, grow big109. close, shut, turn offclose 和 shut 当关解时可以通用， 用于可开合的物体， turnoff用于指有开关的物体close/shut the door. turn off the tv.11

35、0. begin, startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end，start 侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为 stopclass begins at 7:30a.m.111. happen, take placehappen 偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生， take place必然性的发生great changes have taken place in myhometown.112. at, in (表地点 )at小地点， in大地点arrive at asmall village, arrive in shanghai113. day after day, day by dayday

36、 afterday 日复一日（无变化）；day byday 一天天地（有变化）trees grow tallerday by day.114. like, aslike相似关系，但并不等同，as 同一关系，两者实为一体dont treat me as a child. (in fact,im a child.)115. after, in (表时间 )after接时间点， in接时间段after7:00, in five minutes116. between, amongbetween 两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间 , among 三者或三者以上之间switzerlandliesbetw

37、eenfrance,germany, australia and italy.117. after, behind (表位置 )after强调次序的先后，behind 强调物体静态位置的前后there are many treesbehind the house.118. since, for (完成时间状语 )since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间 for three years, since 3:00119. on the corner, in the corner, at the corneron the corner 物体表面的角上， in the corner 物体内部的角落里

38、，at the corner物体外部的角落上（拐角处） on the corner of the table120. on earth,on the earth,in the earthon earth在世上，在人 ，到底，究竟，一点也不， on the earth 在地上，在地球上，in the earth 在地下，在泥土里 no use on earth121. in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprisein surprise惊奇地， to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是，by surprise使惊慌the question took t

39、he professor by surprise.122. in the market, on the marketin the market表示 所或地点，在市 上， on the market出售he sells fish in the market. fresh vegetables are on the market now.123. through, acrossthrough 穿越空 ， across 在上穿 through the forest, across the desert124. on the way, in the wayon the way在前往的路上，in the

40、 way 路 the chair is in the way.125. above, on, overabove 在上面，不接触， on 在上面，接触， over 在正上方 fly over the hill126. until, not untiluntil到 止，not until直到才（常跟点 用） i waited until3:00.he didnt come until 3:00.127. besides, except, except forbesides 除了 （包括在内）except 除了（不包括在内） ，except for整体除了某一点以外thecomposition i

41、s good except for a fewspelling mistakes.128. whether, if当是否解 ，只有在 从句中二者可以互 ，其余都用whether ，当如果解 用ifi dontknow if/whetherhe willcome.if he comes, ill let you know.129. and, orand 并且， or 或者，否 ，常用于否定句中 i dont like apples or bananas.hurryup and youllcatchthebus.hurry up or youll miss the bus.130. because, since, as, for原因由 到弱 ：because, since/as,for.在句中的位置如下： 1) because2) since/as,3) , for since i was ill, i didnt go.131. when, as, while (表 )when 从句 点 ，持 性 均可，as 重在表示 作同 生，伴随 行，while从句 持 性 while islept, a thief broke in.132. the same as, the same